Most of molecules enter or leave cells mainly via membrane transport proteins, which play important roles in several cellular functions, including cell metabolism, ion homeostasis, signal transduction, binding with small molecules in extracellular space, the recognition process in the immune system, energy transduction, osmoregulation, and physiological and developmental processes. There are three major types of transport proteins, ATP-powered pumps, channel proteins and transporters.

ATP-powered pumps are ATPases that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move ions or small molecules across a membrane against a chemical concentration gradient or electric potential. Channel proteins transport water or specific types of ions down their concentration or electric potential gradients. Many other types of channel proteins are usually closed, and open only in response to specific signals. Because these types of ion channels play a fundamental role in the functioning of nerve cells. Transporters, a third class of membrane transport proteins, move a wide variety of ions and molecules across cell membranes. Membrane transporters either enhance or restrict drug distribution to the target organs. Depending on their main function, these membrane transporters are divided into two categories: the efflux (export) and the influx (uptake) transporters.

Transport proteins such as channels and transporters play important roles in the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis, and mutations in these transport protein genes have been identified in the pathogenesis of a number of hereditary diseases. In the central nervous system ion channels have been linked to many diseases such, but not limited to, ataxias, paralyses, epilepsies, and deafness indicative of the roles of ion channels in the initiation and coordination of movement, sensory perception, and encoding and processing of information. Furthermore, drug transporters can serve as drug targets or as a mechanism to facilitate drug delivery to cells and tissues.

References:
[1] Sadée W, et al. Pharm Res. 1995 Dec;12(12):1823-37.
[2] Girardin F. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006;8(3):311-21.
[3] Zaydman MA, et al. Chem Rev. 2012 Dec 12;112(12):6319-33.
[4] Mishra NK, et al. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 26;9(6):e100278.


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AM12

AM12 inhibits Lanthanide-evoked TRPC5 activity with an IC50 of 0.28 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 2387510-84-9
  • MF: C15H9BrO5
  • MW: 349.13
  • Catalog: TRP Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ziconotide acetate

Ziconotide acetate (SNX-111 acetate), a peptide, is a potent and selective block of N-type calcium channels antagonist. Ziconotide acetate reduces synaptic transmission, and can be used for chronic pain research[1].

  • CAS Number: 914454-03-8
  • MF: C102H172N36O32S7.xC2H4O2
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Calcium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Kynurenic acid sodium salt

Kynurenic acid, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid is also a selective ligand of the GPR35 receptor.

  • CAS Number: 2439-02-3
  • MF: C10H7NNaO3
  • MW: 212.16
  • Catalog: iGluR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Canagliflozin-d4

Canagliflozin D4 is a deuterium labeled Canagliflozin. Canagliflozin is a selective SGLT2 inhibitor[1].

  • CAS Number: 1997338-61-0
  • MF: C24H21D4FO5S
  • MW: 448.54
  • Catalog: SGLT
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(S)-Lercanidipine HCl

(S)-Lercanidipine hydrochloride is the S-enantiomer of Lercanidipine hydrochloride. (S)-lercanidipine hydrochloride is a potent calcium channel blocker[1].

  • CAS Number: 184866-29-3
  • MF: C36H42ClN3O6
  • MW: 648.188
  • Catalog: Calcium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 712.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 116-122ºC
  • Flash Point: 384.7ºC

NHE3-IN-1

NHE3-IN-1 is a sodium/proton exchanger type 3 (NHE-3) inhibitor extracted from patent WO 2011019784 A1.

  • CAS Number: 632355-68-1
  • MF: C12H10ClN3S
  • MW: 263.75
  • Catalog: Sodium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Benidipine

Benidipine is a potent and orally active calcium channel antagonist[1]. Benidipine shows anti-apoptosis effects in ischaemic/reperfused myocardial cells[2]. Benidipine increases the activity of endothelial cell-type nitric oxide synthase and improves coronary circulation in hypertensive rats[3].

  • CAS Number: 105979-17-7
  • MF: C28H31N3O6
  • MW: 505.56
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 625.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 331.9±31.5 °C

Dihydrocapsaicin

Dihydrocapsaicin is a natural capsaicin, acts as a selective TRPV1 agonist, and also increases p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 19408-84-5
  • MF: C18H29NO3
  • MW: 307.428
  • Catalog: TRP Channel
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 457.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 62-65 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 230.4±31.5 °C

Anabasine

Anabasine is a nicotinic receptor agonist.

  • CAS Number: 494-52-0
  • MF: C10H14N2
  • MW: 162.23200
  • Catalog: nAChR
  • Density: 1,0455 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 270-272°C
  • Melting Point: 9°C
  • Flash Point: 93°C

Larixyl acetate

Larixyl acetate is a potent and selective TRPC6 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.58 μM and 6.83 μM against hTRPC6-YFP and hTRPC3-YFP, respectively. Larixyl acetate prevents HPV and is effective in protecting against traumatic brain injury-induced systemic endothelial dysfunction[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 4608-49-5
  • MF: C22H36O3
  • MW: 348.51900
  • Catalog: TRP Channel
  • Density: 1.00±0.1 g/cm3 (20ºC 760 Torr)
  • Boiling Point: 419.3±28.0 °C
  • Melting Point: 82ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

Isoguvacine Hydrochloride

Isoguvacine hydrochloride is a GABA receptor agonist.

  • CAS Number: 68547-97-7
  • MF: C6H10ClNO2
  • MW: 163.60200
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Anagyrine hydrochloride

Anagyrine ((-)-Anagyrine) hydrochloride is a quinolizidine alkaloid that has been found in Lupinus albus. Anagyrine hydrochloride binds to muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with IC50 values of 132 and 2096 µM respectively. Anagyrine hydrochloride is a potent and effective desensitizer of nAChR, and Anagyrine hydrochloride can directly, without metabolism, desensitize nAChR[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 74195-83-8
  • MF: C15H21ClN2O
  • MW: 280.79
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

UR-1102

Epaminurad (UR-1102) is an orally active, potent and selective URAT1 (urate transporter 1) inhibitor, with a Ki of 0.057 μM. Epaminurad quite modestly inhibits OAT1 and OAT3 (organic anion transporter). Epaminurad is a uricosuric agent. Epaminurad can be used for gout and hyperuricemia research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1198153-15-9
  • MF: C14H10Br2N2O3
  • MW: 414.049
  • Catalog: URAT1
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 530.0±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 274.3±30.1 °C

Nav1.7-IN-3

Nav1.7-IN-3 is a selective, orally bioavailable voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. Pain relief. Limited CNS penetration[1].

  • CAS Number: 1788872-06-9
  • MF: C17H20ClFN4O2S2
  • MW: 430.95
  • Catalog: Sodium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LFS-1107

LFS-1107 is a reversible CRM1 inhibitor (Kd: 12.5 pM). LFS-1107 can selectively eliminate extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) cells and can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1799330-91-8
  • MF: C12H11N5OS2
  • MW: 305.38
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sarmazenil

Sarmazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist.

  • CAS Number: 78771-13-8
  • MF: C15H14ClN3O3
  • MW: 319.74300
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: 1.43g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 554ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 288.9ºC

PF0346275

A potent, selective, orally available GlyT1 inhibitor with Ki of 11.6 nM, without activity against GlyT2 (IC50>10 uM); demonstrates potent activity in elevating CSF levels of glycine in vivo (ED200, 3.5 mg/kg).

  • CAS Number: 1173239-39-8
  • MF: C19H22ClFN4O
  • MW: 449.777
  • Catalog: GlyT
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4-Acetamidobutanoic acid

4-Acetamidobutanoic acid (N-acetyl GABA) is a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative.

  • CAS Number: 3025-96-5
  • MF: C6H11NO3
  • MW: 145.15600
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: 1.133 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 405.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 128-131 °C
  • Flash Point: 199ºC

Withanone

Withanone is an active constituent from Withania somnifera roots with multifunctional neuroprotective effect in alleviating cognitive dysfunction. Withanone affords protection against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity in Neuron-like cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 27570-38-3
  • MF: C28H38O6
  • MW: 470.59800
  • Catalog: iGluR
  • Density: 1.264g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 653.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 216.5ºC

Naminidil

Naminidil is a cyanoguanidine KATP opener.

  • CAS Number: 220641-11-2
  • MF: C15H19N5
  • MW: 269.34500
  • Catalog: Potassium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

EAAT2 activator 1

EAAT2 activator 1 is the potent activator of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2). EAAT2 is the major glutamate transporter and functions to remove glutamate from synapses. EAAT2 activator 1 increases EAAT2 protein levels dose-dependently[1].

  • CAS Number: 892415-28-0
  • MF: C16H11ClFN3S
  • MW: 331.80
  • Catalog: EAAT2
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Unoprostone

Unoprostone, a prostaglandin F2α analogs (PGAs), activates BK channels to reduce oxidative stress- and light-induced retinal cell death, and phagocytotic dysfunction. Unoprostone reduces intraocular pressure and is used topically for glaucoma or ocular hypertension[1].

  • CAS Number: 120373-36-6
  • MF: C22H38O5
  • MW: 382.534
  • Catalog: Potassium Channel
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 562.9±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 308.3±23.8 °C

SGLT1/2-IN-2

SGLT1/2-IN-2 demonstrates potent dual inhibitory activities (IC50 = 96 nM for SGLT1 and IC50 = 1.3 nM for SGLT2).

  • CAS Number: 2387812-73-7
  • MF: C23H26F2O7
  • MW: 452.45
  • Catalog: SGLT
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

µ-Conotoxin KIIIA

μ-Conotoxin KIIIA is an analgesic μ-conotoxin that can be isolated from Conus kinoshitai. μ-Conotoxin KIIIA blocks mammalian neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) (Nav1.2).μ-Conotoxin KIIIA can be used for research of pain[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 884469-67-4
  • MF: C70H106N28O22S6
  • MW: 1884.16
  • Catalog: Sodium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bemegride

Bemegride is a central nervous system stimulant and antidote for barbiturate poisoning.target: GABAA receptor Bemegride has an antagonistic action on the GABAA receptor, suppressing both GABA- and pentobarbitone-evoked whole-cell currents to similar extents. [1] Long-term oral administration to the rat of barbitone, alone or together with the analeptics bemegride or pentylenetetrazol, show that the intensity of the withdrawal syndrome generally parallels the degree of associated CNS depression. [2]

  • CAS Number: 64-65-3
  • MF: C8H13NO2
  • MW: 155.194
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 282.0±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 126-127 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 125.8±18.9 °C

5-Hydroxydecanoate sodium

5-Hydroxydecanoate sodium is a selective ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel blocker (IC50 of ~30 μM). 5-Hydroxydecanoate sodium is a substrate for mitochondrial outer membrane acyl-CoA synthetase and has antioxidant activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 71186-53-3
  • MF: C10H19NaO3
  • MW: 210.24600
  • Catalog: Potassium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 320.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 162ºC

Revaprazan

Revaprazan (SB 641257) is a reversible proton pump inhibitor with significant anti-inflammatory effects. Revaprazan can be used for chronic gastric inflammation research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 199463-33-7
  • MF: C22H23FN4
  • MW: 362.44300
  • Catalog: Proton Pump
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CRF1 receptor antagonist-1

CRF1 receptor antagonist-1 (Compound 2) is a CRF1 receptor antagonist. CRF1 receptor antagonist-1 can be used for research of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2635364-30-4
  • MF: C27H28ClFN2O2S
  • MW: 499.04
  • Catalog: CFTR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RO 19-4603

Ro19-4603 is a benzodiazepine inverse agonist. Ro19-4603 antagonizes ethanol (EtOH) intake in alcohol-preferring rats[1].

  • CAS Number: 99632-94-7
  • MF: C15H17N3O3S
  • MW: 319.38
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: 1.37g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 537.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 279ºC

Piprofurol

Piprofurol is a calcium channel inhibitor. Piprofurol inhibites in a concentration-dependent manner the calcium-induced contractions in isolated potassium depolarized preparations of rat aorta and relaxes the K+-induced contraction of the dog coronary artery and the rabbit basilar artery. Piprofurol exerts a negative inotropic effect on guinea-pig papillary muscle, with the EC50 of 5 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 40680-87-3
  • MF: C26H33NO6
  • MW: 455.54300
  • Catalog: Calcium Channel
  • Density: 1.214g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 640.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 341.3ºC