threo Ifenprodil hemitartrate is a σ receptor agonist, with Kis of 59.1 and 2 nM for σ1 and σ2 receptors, respectively. threo Ifenprodil hemitartrate is also a NR2B subunit-selective NMDA receptor antagonist (IC50=0.22 μM). threo Ifenprodil hemitartrate is a hERG potassium channel inhibitor, with an IC 50 of 88 nM, showing antiarrhythmic activity[1][2][3].
KB-5492 free base is a potent and selective inhibitor of sigma receptor, inhibits specific [3H]1,3-di(2-tolyl)guanidine (DTG) binding to the sigma receptor with an IC50 of 3.15 μM. KB-5492 free base is an anti-ulcer agent[1][2].
Siramesine(Lu 28-179) is a selective sigma-2 receptor agonist, which has been shown to trigger cell death of cancer cells and to exhibit a potent anticancer activity in vivo. IC50 value:Target: sigma-2 receptor; lysosome-destabilizing agentsiramesine can induce rapid cell death in a number of cell lines at concentrations above 20 μM. In HaCaT cells, cell death was accompanied by caspase activation, rapid loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cytochrome c release, cardiolipin peroxidation and typical apoptotic morphology, whereas in U-87MG cells most apoptotic hallmarks were not notable, although MMP was rapidly lost [1]. Siramesine, a sigma-2 receptor agonist originally developed as an anti-depressant, can induce cell death in transformed cells through a mechanism involving lysosomal destabilization [2].in vivo: SA4503 or siramesine given jointly with MEM (as well as with AMA) decreased the immobility time in rats. The effect of SA4503 and AMA co-administration was antagonized by progesterone, a sigma1 receptor antagonistic neurosteroid. Combined treatment with siramesine and AMA was modified by neither progesterone nor BD1047 (a novel sigma antagonist with preferential affinity for sigma1 sites) [3]
Sigma-2 Radioligand 1 (compound 1) is a Sigma-2 selective ligand. Sigma-2 Radioligand 1 has good biodistribution in mice and good in vivo activity in rats. [18F] Modified Sigma-2 Radioligand 1 for visualization of tumors in micro-PET/CT imaging, exhibiting high tumor uptake and tumor-to-background ratio. Experiments show that Sigma-2 Radioligand 1 binds highly specifically in U87MG glioma xenografts[1].
(±)-Vesamicol hydrochloride ((±)-AH5183 hydrochloride) is a potent vesicular acetylcholine transport inhibitor with a Ki of 2 nM. (±)-Vesamicol hydrochloride also displays high affinity for σ1 and σ2 receptors with Kis of 26 nM and 34 nM, respectively[1][2].
PD 144418 oxalate is a highly affinity, potent and selective sigma 1 (σ1) receptor ligand (Ki values of 0.08 nM and 1377 nM for σ1 and σ2 respectively). PD 144418 oxalate devoids of any significant affinity for other receptors, ion channels and enzymes. PD 144418 oxalate shows potential antipsychotic activity[1][2].
SKF83959 is a potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist. SKF83959 Ki values for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM, respectively. SKF83959 is a potent allosteric modulator of sigma (σ)-1 receptor. SKF83959 belongs to benzazepine family and has improvements on cognitive dysfunction. SKF83959 can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease and depression[1][2][3][4].
Sigma-LIGAND-1 hydrochloride is a selective sigma receptor ligand with an IC50s of 16 nM, 19 nM at the DTG site and the PPP site, respectively. Sigma-LIGAND-1 hydrochloride has a Ki of 4000 nM at the dopamine D2 receptor[1].
A potent, selective, irreversible sigma-2 receptor partial agonist with Ki of 14.6 nM, >700-fold selectivity over sigma-1 receptors; induces dose-dependent cell death in SK-N-SH cells with EC50 of 7.6 uM, also demonstrates selective cytotoxic activity against PANC-1 pancreatic and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, with no significant effect on normal cells.
S1R agonist 2 (Compound 8b) is a selective S1R agonist with Kis of 1.1 nM and 88 nM for S1R and S2R, respectively. S1R agonist 2 exhibits neuroprotection against ROS and NMDA-induced neurotoxicity[1].
OPC-14523 hydrochloride is an orally active sigma and 5-HT1A receptor agonist, with high affinity for sigma receptors (σ1/2 IC50=47/56 nM), the 5-HT1A receptor (IC50=2.3 nM), and the 5-HT transporter (IC50=80 nM). OPC-14523 hydrochloride shows antidepressant-like activity[1][2].
S1RA Hcl(E-52862 Hcl) is a potent and selective sigma-1 receptor(σ1R, Ki=17 nM) antagonist, showed good selectivity against σ2R (Ki > 1000 nM).IC50 value: 17 nM (Ki) [1]Target: σ1R antagonistin vitro: S1RA behaved as a highly selective σ1 receptor antagonist. It showed high affinity for human (Ki= 17 nM) and guinea pig (Ki= 23.5 nM) σ1 receptors but no significant affinity for the σ2 receptors (Ki > 1000 nM for guinea pig and rat σ2 receptors). Moderate affinity (Ki= 328 nM) and antagonistic activity, with very low potency (IC50= 4700 nM) was found at the human 5-HT2B receptor. S1RA showed no significant affinity (Ki > 1 μM or % inhibition at 1 μM < 50%) for other additional 170 targets (receptors, transporters, ion channels and enzymes) [2].in vivo: Control (non-operated) and nerve-injured mice received a single or repeated (twice daily for 12 days) i.p. administration of S1RA at 25 mg·kg?1, the same dose used for the assessment of behavioural hypersensitivity in the chronic treatment study. Acute treatment was given on day 12 post-surgery and repeated treatment with S1RA started the day of surgery, as in the behavioural studies [2]. Intrathecal pre-treatment with idazoxan prevented the systemic S1RA antinociceptive effect, suggesting that the S1RA antinociception depends on the activation of spinal α2 -adrenoceptors which, in turn, could induce an inhibition of formalin-evoked glutamate release. When administered locally, intrathecal S1RA inhibited only the flinching behavior, whereas intracerebroventricularly or intraplantarly injected also attenuated the lifting/licking behavior [3].
OPC-14523 free base is an orally active sigma and 5-HT1A receptor agonist, with high affinity for sigma receptors (σ1/2 IC50=47/56 nM), the 5-HT1A receptor (IC50=2.3 nM), and the 5-HT transporter (IC50=80 nM). OPC-14523 free base shows antidepressant-like activity[1][2].
BMY 14802 is a sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) antagonist, as well as an agonist at serotonin (5-HT) 1A and adrenergic alpha-1 receptors. BMY 14802 inhibits abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) in rat Parkinson's disease (PD) model, with down-regulating the expression of AIM[1][2].
AVex-73 hydrochloride is a Sigma-1 Receptor agonist with an IC50 of 860 nM.
BD-1047 dihydrobromide is a selective functional antagonist of sigma receptors, shows antipsychotic activity in animal models predictive of efficacy in schizophrenia. IC50 value: Target: sigma receptorin vitro: Moreover, Progesterone and BD 1047 (a sigma 1 receptor antagonist) counteracted the antidepressant-like effect induced by co-administration of Pramipexole and Sertraline (but not Pramipexole and Fluoxetine). [2] This increased pNR1 expression is significantly reduced by pretreatment with the specific Sig-1 R antagonist, BD-1047. In another set of experiments Sig-1 R agonists further potentiated NMDA-induced pain behaviour and pNR1 immunoreactivity and this is also reversed with BD-1047. [3]in vivo: BD 1047 does not decrease amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in mice in a statistically significant manner. BD 1047 does not modify the hyperactivity induced by NMDA receptor antagonists. BD 1047 shows a moderate activity in models used in this study suggesting that its usefulness as an antipsychtic drug is doubtful. [1]
BMY-14802 hydrochloride (BMY-14802-1) is a selective and orally active sigma receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 112 nM. BMY-14802 hydrochloride is also a 5-HT1A and adrenergic α1 receptors agonist. BMY-14802 hydrochloride has antipsychotic effects[1][2][3].
IPAG is a potent sigma-1 receptor antagonist with a pKi of 4.3[1]. IPAG induces apoptosis[2].
SR-31747 is a sigma ligand with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. SR-31747 blocks cell proliferation by inhibiting sterol isomerase[1][2].
PB28 is a cyclohexylpiperazine derivative and a high affinity and selective sigma 2 (σ2) receptor agonist with a Ki of 0.68 nM. PB28 is also a σ1 antagonist with a Ki of 0.38 nM. PB28 is less affinity for other receptors. PB28 inhibits electrically evoked twitch in guinea pig bladder and ileum with EC50 values of 2.62 μM and 3.96 μM, respectively. PB28 can modulate SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interaction. PB28 induces caspase-independent apoptosis and has antitumor activity[1][2][3][4][5].
SARS-CoV-2-IN-57 (compound (+)-R-26) is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 (IC50: 80 nM). SARS-CoV-2-IN-57 has high affinity for Sigma Receptor with Kis of 13.6 nM (S1R) and 14.4 nM (S2R) respectively[1].
PRE-084 hydrochloride is a high affinity, selective σ1 agonist, has an IC50 of 44 nM in the sigma receptor assay.IC50 value: 44 nMTarget: sigma receptorin vitro: PRE-084 has an IC50 of more than 100,000 nM for PCP receptors and an IC50 higher than 10,000 nM in a variety of other receptor systems. [1]in vivo: PRE-084 improves motor neuron survival and motor performance in wobbler mice. PRE-084 enhances BDNF-mediated trophic support.[2]
Blarcamesine (AVex-73;AE-37) is an orally bioavailable Sigma-1 receptor agonist and muscarinic receptor modulator, with anticonvulsant, anti-amnesic, neuroprotective and antidepressant properties. Blarcamesine ameliorates neurologic impairments in a mouse model of Rett syndrome[1].
UNC0642 is a potent and selective G9a/GLP inhibitor, with an IC50 of less than 2.5 nM.
4-IBP is a selective σ1 agonist with a high level of affinity for the σ1 receptor (Ki = 1.7 nM) and a moderate affinity for the σ2 receptor (Ki = 25.2 nM) .IC50 value: 1.7 nM (Ki)Target: σ1in vitro: 4-IBP is a σ1 receptor agonist, decreases the migration of human cancer cells, including glioblastoma cells. 4-IBP is used to investigate whether targeting theσ1 receptor could modify in vitro the migration rates of human cancer cells and increase the sensitivity of metastasizing human A549 NSCLC cells and infiltrating human glioblastoma cells to cytotoxic insults of either proapoptotic or proautophagic drugs.[1]in vivo: 4-IBP increases the antitumor effects of temozolomide and irinotecan in immunodeficient mice that were orthotopically grafted with invasive cancer cells.[1]
BD-1008 dihydrobromide is an antagonist of sigma Receptor. BD-1008 dihydrobromide attenuates the toxicity and stimulants effects of cocaine in mice[1].
Blonanserin dihydrochloride is a potent and orally active 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, with Ki values of 0.812 and 0.142 nM, respectively. Blonanserin dihydrochloride is usually acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent, and can be used for the research of extrapyramidal symptoms, excessive sedation, or hypotension[1][2].
Opipramol (Ensidon) is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). Opipramol acts primarily as a sigma (σ) receptor agonist and can potently interact with sigma recognition sites with a Ki value of 50 nM. Opipramol can be used for the research of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)[1][2].
S1R agonist 1 (Compound 6b) hydrochloride is a selective S1R agonist with Kis of 0.93 nM and 72 nM for S1R and S2R, respectively. S1R agonist 1 hydrochloride exhibits neuroprotection against ROS and NMDA-induced neurotoxicity[1].
(2S,3S)-E1R (Compound 2d) is an enantiomer of E1R. (2S,3S)-E1R is a sigma-1 receptor positive allosteric modulator (Sig1R PAM) for the treatment of cognition/memory disorders[1].