Cytisine is an alkaloid that occurs naturally in several plant genera, such as Laburnum and Cytisus. Cytisine is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3].
Choline-13C2 (chloride) is the 13C labeled Choline chloride[1]. Choline chloride is an essential nutrient that activates alpha7 nicotinic receptors and has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Glycerophosphoinositol choline can affect diseases such as liver disease, atherosclerosis and neurological disorders[2][3].
Epiboxidine hydrochloride is a potent and selective neural nAChR agonist with Kis of 0.46 nM and 1.2 nM for rat and human α4β2 nAChRs, respectively. Epiboxidine hydrochloride is a methylisoxazole analog of the alkaloid Epibatidine, and is also an analog of another nAChR agonist, ABT 418[1].
Xanthoplanine, isolated from theroot of Xylopia parviflora, fully inhibits the EC50 ACh responses of both alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nACh receptors with estimated IC50 values of 9 μM (alpha7) and 5 μM (alpha4beta2)[1].
NS9283 is a positive positive allosteric modulator of (α4)3(β2)2 nicotinic ACh receptors. NS9283 can be used in a series of neurological conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease[1].
Nelonicline (ABT-126) citrate is an orally active and selective α7 nicotinic receptor agonist with high affinity to α7 nAChRs in human brain (Ki=12.3 nM). Nelonicline citrate is used for the research of shizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease[1][2][3].
Pozanicline (ABT-089) selectively activate neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes, is a novel cholinergic agent that is a partial agonist at α4β2* nAChRs (Ki=16 nM) and shows high selectivity for α6β2* and α4α5β2 nAChR subtypes, the binding affinity (Ki, rat) for Pozanicline to [3H] cytisine sites is 16.7 nM.Pozanicline reverses nicotine withdrawal-induced cognitive deficits, may be an effective component of novel therapeutic strategies for nicotine addiction[1].
Acetamiprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide used worldwide. Acetamiprid is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, and is shown to be associated with neuromuscular and reproductive disorders[1][2].
Simpinicline (OC-02), a highly selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, shows potent antiviral activity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants in cell culture with an IC50 of 0.04 µM[1].
VQW-765 (AQW-051) is a selective and orally active alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) agonist with a pKD value of 7.56 to recombinantly expressed human α7-nAChR. VQW-765 shows anxiolytic-like effect in vivo. VQW-765 can be used for the research of anxiety disorder and acute performance anxiety[1].
SR 16584 is a selective antagonist of α3β4 nAChR with an IC50 of 10.2 μM[1].
AR-R17779 hydrochloride is a potent and selective full agonist of nAChR, with Kis of 92 and 16000 nM for α7 and α4β2 subtype, respectively. AR-R17779 hydrochloride can improve learning and memory in rats. AR-R17779 hydrochloride also has anxiolytic activity. AR-R17779 hydrochloride can reduce inflammation by activating antiinflammatory cholinergic (vagal) pathways[1][2][4].
Sulfoxaflor is a sulfoximine insecticide and is an agonist of nAChR1 and nAChR2 subtypes. Sulfoxaflor is used for the control of sap-feeding insects such as Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Bemissia tabaci and Nilaparvata lugens[1].
APS3 is a GABA and nACh receptors inhibitor, with a LC50 of 7.2423 μg/mL against Plutella xylostella[1].
COG 133 is a fragment of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) peptide. COG 133 competes with the ApoE holoprotein for binding the LDL receptor, with potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. COG 133 is also a nAChR antagonist with an IC50 of 445 nM[1][2].
CP-601932 ((1S,5R)-CP-601927) is a high-affinity partial agonist at α3β4 nAChR (EC50=~ 3 μM). CP-601932 has the same high-binding affinity at α3β4 (Ki=21 nM) as at α4β2 nAChRs (Ki=21 nM) and an order of magnitude lower affinity for α6 and α7 nAChR subtypes. CP-601932 selectively decreases ethanol but not sucrose consumption and operant self-administration following long-term exposure. CP-601932 readily penetrates the CNS[1].
SEN 12333 (WAY-317538) is a potent, selective and orally active α7 nAChR agonist. SEN12333 displays high affinity for the rat α7 nAChRs expressed in GH4C1 cells (K>i=260 nM) and acts as full agonist in functional Ca2+ flux studies (EC50=1.6 μM). SEN 12333 is used for AD and schizophrenia research[1].
αA-Conotoxin OIVA (αA-OIVA) is a selective nAChR antagonist with an IC50 of 56 nM against mammalian fetal muscle nAChR. αA-Conotoxin OIVA is a peptide that can be derived from conotoxin. αA-Conotoxin OIVA paralyzes muscles[1][2].
Cyclodrine hydrochloride is a cholinergic (muscarinic, nicotinic) (mAChR and nAChR) receptor antagonist.
Dinotefuran is an insecticide of the neonicotinoid class, its mechanism of action involves disruption of the insect's nervous system by inhibiting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.Target: nAChR, Antiparasitic
Lobeline hydrochloride, a nicotinic receptor agonist, acting as a potent antagonist at both α3β2 and α4β2 neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes.
Pancuronium Dibromide is a bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist.Target: nAChRPancuronium dibromide is a competitive AChR antagonist (IC50 = 5.5 nM) and acts as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Pancuronium dibromide interrupts neuromuscular transmission by competing with acetylcholine for receptor sites on the motor end-plate. Pancuronium dibromide is a non-depolarizing agent. Pancuronium is a typical non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant. It acts as a competitive acetylcholine antagonist on neuromuscular junctions, displacing acetylcholine (hence competitive) from its post-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is (unlike suxamethonium) a non-depolarizing agent, which means that it causes no spontaneous depolarizations upon association with the nicotinic receptor in neuromuscular junction, thus producing no muscle fasciculations upon administration [1-3].
Waglerin-1, a 22-amino acid peptide, is a competitive antagonist of the muscle nicotinic receptor (nAChR)[1].
α-Bungarotoxin is a competitive antagonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). α-Bungarotoxin, a selective α7 receptor blocker, blocks α7 currents with an IC50 of 1.6 nM and has no effects on α3β4 currents at concentrations up to 3 μM[1][2].
Mecamylamine-d3 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Mecamylamine hydrochloride. Mecamylamine hydrochloride is an orally active, nonselective, noncompetitive nAChR antagonist that can treat various neuropsychiatric disorders. Mecamylamine hydrochloride is originally used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension. Mecamylamine hydrochloride can easily crosses the blood-brain barrier[1][2].
Desformylflustrabromine hydrochloride is a selective agonist of α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) with a pEC50 of 6.48.
ACV1 (Vc1.1), an α-Conotoxin, is a selective α9α10 nAChR antagonist with an IC50 of 19 nM. ACV1 is ~100-fold less potent on human α9α10 vs. rat nAChRs[1].
nAChR modulator-1, a insecticide, is a insect nAChR orthosteric modulator[1].
nAChR agonist 1 is a potent, brain-permeable, and orally efficacious positive allosteric modulator of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). nAChR agonist 1 has the EC50 of 0.32 µM in a Ca2+ mobilization assay (PNU-282987-induced, FLIPR based) in human IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells that endogenously express α7 nAChR. nAChR agonist 1 can be develpoped for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease[1].
TC-2559 idifumarate is a CNS-selective, orally active α4β2 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist (EC50=0.18 μM). TC-2559 difumarate shows selectivity for α4β2 over α2β4, α4β4 and α3β4 receptors, with EC50s in the range of 10-30 µM. Antinociceptive effect[1][2].