Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia[1].
Piperine, a natural alkaloid isolated from Piper nigrum L, inhibits P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 activities with an IC50 value of 61.94±0.054 μg/mL in HeLa cell.
Zosuquidar trihydrochloride is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein with a Ki value of 59 nM.
Valspodar is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor widely used as overcoming multidrug resistance modulator.
8α,9α-Epoxycoleon-U-quinone (compound 3) is a p-glycoprotein (P-gp) regulator that is selective for cancer cells (SI=2.0). 8α,9α-Epoxycoleon-U-quinone effectively inhibits P-gp activity in NCI-H460/R cells. 8α,9α-Epoxycoleon-U-quinone also reverses the resistance of cancer cells to Doxorubicin (DOX) (HY-15142A) and enhances the anticancer effect of DOX[1].
Sinapine hydroxide is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine hydroxide exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine hydroxide is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease[1][2][3][4].
HM30181 is a potent and selective inhibitor of P-glycoprotein.
RMS5, a tetrandrine analogue, is a potent P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. RMS5 has markedly antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. RMS5 slightly diminishes the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-XL and Mcl-1. RMS3 causes PARP cleavage, a marker for cells undergoing apoptosis. RMS5 has strong anticancer property[1].
Verapamil-d3-1 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Verapamil hydrochloride[1]. Verapamil hydrochloride ((±)-Verapamil hydrochloride) is a calcium channel blocker and a potent and orally active first-generation P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. Verapamil hydrochloride also inhibits CYP3A4. Verapamil hydrochloride has the potential for high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias and angina research[2][3][4].
Elacridar Hcl (GF120918; GW0918) is a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, and has been used both in vitro and in vivo as a tool inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) to investigate the role of transporters in the disposition of various test molecules.IC50 value:Target: P-glycoprotein In vitro, GF120918A demonstrated high plasma protein binding across species, although a definitive protein binding evaluation was precluded by poor recovery, particularly in buffer and in mouse, rat, and dog plasma. GF120918A did not demonstrate potent inhibition of several human cytochrome P450 enzymes evaluated in vitro, with IC(50) values well above concentrations anticipated to be achieved in vivo. Together, these data confirm the utility of GF120918A as a tool P-glycoprotein inhibitor in preclinical species and offer additional guidance on preclinical dose regimens likely to produce P-glycoprotein-mediated effects.
Pepluanin A is a natural compound isolated from Euphorbia peplus L. Pepluanin A shows a very high activity for a jatrophane diterpene, outperforming Cyclosporin A by a factor of at least 2 in the inhibition of Pgp-mediated Daunomycin (HY-13062A) transport[1]
HM30181 mesylate is a competitive and potent P-glycoprotein inhibitor.
RMS3, a tetrandrine analogue, is a potent P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. RMS3 has markedly antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. RMS3 causes PARP cleavage, a marker for cells undergoing apoptosis. RMS3 has strong anticancer property[1].
Trifluoperazine-d3 (dihydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Trifluoperazine (dihydrochloride). Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride, an antipsychotic agent, acts by blocking central dopamine receptors. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride is a potent α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride is a potent NUPR1 inhibitor exerting anticancer activity. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride is a calmodulin inhibitor, and also inhibits P-glycoprotein. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride can be used for the research of schizophrenia. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride acts as a reversible inhibitor of influenza virus morphogenesis[1][2][3][4][5].
Tariquidar methanesulfonate, hydrate is a potent and specific inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) with a Kd of 5.1 nM.
Evodine, the major limonoid of Evodiae Fuctus, is a potent P-gp inhibitor. Evodine has protection against glutamateinduced toxicity by preserving the antioxidant defense system[1].
P-gb-IN-1 (compound Ⅲ-8), a 2,5-disubstituted furan derivative, is a highly effective, broadspectrum P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. P-gb-IN-1 displayed the reversal activity by inhibiting P-gp efflux. P-gb-IN-1 has a potent affinity to P-gp by forming H-bond interactions with residues Asn 721 and Met 986. P-gb-IN-1 possesses broad-spectrum reversal activity and low toxicity in MCF-7/ADR cells[1].
PGP-4008 is a specific P-glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibitor. PGP-4008 inhibits tumor growth in a murine syngeneic Pgp-mediated multiple drug resistance (MDR) solid tumor model when given in combination with Doxorubicin[1].
Roemerine, an aporphine alkaloid, isolated from the leaves of Annona senegalensis, functions by interacting with P-glycoprotein. Roemerine reverses the multidrug-resistance phenotype with cultured cells[1].
Anticancer agent 50 (compound 6) is a potent ABCB1 efflux pump modulator. Anticancer agent 50 shows cytotoxic effects and antiproliferative effects. Anticancer agent 50 decreases the expression of cyclin D1 and induces p53 expression. Anticancer agent 50 has the potential for the research of T-lymphoma[1].
Neostenine is a stenine-type Stemona alkaloid, with antitussive activity. Neostenine is also a substrate of P-glycoprotein with high absorptive permeability in Caco-2 monolayer model. Neostenine also shows oral activity for intestinal application[1][2].
AZD-5672 is an orally active, potent, and selective CCR5 antagonist (IC50=0.32 nM). AZD-5672 shows moderate activity against the hERG ion channel (binding IC50=7.3 μM). AZD5672 is a substrate of human P-gp, and inhibits P-gp-mediated digoxin transport (IC50=32 μM). AZD-5672 can be used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis[1][2][3].
1-Monopalmitin, a bitter melon extract, inhibits the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells[1].
Coleon-U-quinone is a potent P-gp inhibitor. Coleon-U-quinone can inhibit cancer cells viability and sensitize multidrug resistance cancer cells to Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)[1].
Tariquidar dihydrochloride (XR9576 dihydrochloride) is a potent and specific inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) with the high affinity (Kd=5.1 nM)[1].
NSC23925 is a novel, selective and effective P-glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibitor.
CP-100356 hydrochloride is an orally active dual MDR1 (P-gp)/BCRP inhibitor, with an IC50s of 0.5 and 1.5 µM for inhibiting MDR1-mediated Calcein-AM transport and BCRP-mediated Prazosin transport, respectively. CP-100356 hydrochloride is also a weak inhibitor of OATP1B1 (IC50=∼66 µM). CP-100356 hydrochloride is devoid of inhibition against MRP2 and major human P450 enzymes (IC50>15 µM)[1].
Epoxylathyrol, an epoxylathyrane derivative isolated from the Euphorbia boetica, is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. Epoxylathyrol is a P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) reverser[1][2].
Furanodiene is a natural terpenoid isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae. Furanodiene plays anti-cancer effects through anti-angiogenesis and inducing ROS production, DNA strand breaks and apoptosis. Furanodiene suppresseed efflux transporter Pgp (P-glycoprotein) function and reduced Pgp protein level[1].
Sinapine is an alkaloid from seeds of the cruciferous species which shows favorable biological activities such as antioxidant and radio-protective activities.