Desoxypeganine (Deoxypeganine), an alkaloid, is a potent and orally active cholinesterase (BChE and AChE) and selective MAO-A inhibitor, with IC50 values of 2, 17, and 2 μM, respectively. Desoxypeganine can be used for alcohol abuse research[1].
Methylene blue trihydrate (C.I. Basic Blue 9 trihydrate) is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue trihydrate is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue trihydrate has antinociception, antimalarial, antidepressant and anxiolytic activity effects. Methylene Blue trihydrate has the potential for methemoglobinemias, neurodegenerative disorders and ifosfamide-induced encephalopathytreatment[1][2][3].
LSD1-IN-12 (compound 2) is a potent LSD1 inhibitor, with Ki values of 1.1 μM (LSD1), 61 μM (LSD2), 2.3 μM (MAO-A), and 3.5 μM (MAO-B), respectively[1].
Aminoacetone hydrochloride is the simplest monopeptide. Aminoacetone hydrochloride is an intermediate in the metabolism of threonine and glycine. Aminoacetone hydrochloride is an endogenous substrate for semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), and can be used for determination of SSAO activity[1].
(E)-8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine is a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. (E)-8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine inhibits monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with a Ki value of 70 nM by a pathway that is independent of its actions on the A2A receptor. (E)-8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine has the potential for Parkinson's disease research[1].
Amitraz is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide, with alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, interaction with octopamine receptors of the central nervous system and inhibition of monoamine oxidases and prostaglandin synthesis.
Phenoxypropazine is a potent monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Phenoxypropazine can be used in research of depression[1].
PXS-6302 hydrochloride is an irreversible lysyl oxidase inhibitor with IC50s of 3.7 μM (Bovine LOX), 3.4 μM (rh LOXL1), 0.4 μM (rh LOXL2), 1.5 μM (rh LOXL3), 0.3 μM (rh LOXL4), respectively. PXS-6302 hydrochloride has readily skin penetrability, reduces collagen deposition and significantly improves scar appearance[1].
Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) hydrate is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue hydrate through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue hydrate is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue hydrate is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue hydrate reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation[1][2][3].
PXS-4787 is a specific and effective pan-LOX (lysyl oxidase) inhibitor for abolishing lysyl oxidase activity. PXS-4787 inhibits LOX with IC50s of 2 μM (Bovine LOX), 3.2 μM (rh LOXL1), 0.6 μM (rh LOXL2), 1.4 μM (rh LOXL3), 0.2 μM (rh LOXL4), respectively[1].
MAO-B-IN-16 is a selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1.55 µM. MAO-B-IN-16 can be used in the study of central nervous disorders, such as parkinson's disease[1].
CR4056 is a selective inhibitor of human recombinant MAO-A with an IC50 of 202.7 nM. CR4056 is also a ligand of imidazoline-2 receptor (I2R) with an IC50 of 596 nM.
Moclobemide N-Oxide (Ro 12-5637) is N-oxide metabolite of Moclobemide. Moclobemide N-Oxide retains certain MAO-A (monoamine oxidase) inhibitory activity, but is generally present in low concentrations. Moclobemide N-Oxide can be detected by UV absorption at 240 nm[1][2].
Rasagiline 13C3 mesylate racemic is the deuterium labeled Rasagiline, which is an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase.
2614W94 is a selective, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A with a competitive mechanism of inhibition and IC50 of 5 nM and Ki of 1.6 nM with serotonin as substrate.
(S)-Salsolidine is a weak monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor (Ki=63 μM). The R enantiomer of Salsolidine is more potent than the S form (Ki=26 μM)[1].
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.
Harmane, a β-Carboline alkaloid (BCA), is a potent neurotoxin that causes severe action tremors and psychiatric manifestations. Harmane shows 1000-fold selectivity for I1-Imidazoline receptor (IC50=30 nM) over α2-adrenoceptor (IC50=18 μM). Harmane is also a potent and selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) (IC50s=0.5 and 5 μM for human MAO A/B, respectively). Harmane exhibits comutagenic effect[1][2][3][4].
MAO-B-IN-1 is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B, used for the research of neurological diseases.
Ladostigil (TV-3326) hemitartrate is a dual inhibitor of cholinesterase and brain-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO), with an IC50 of 37.1 and 31.8 μM for MAO-B and AChE, reapectively. Ladostigil hemitartrate could increase cholinergic transmission, prevent the formation of ROS or their actions and be used for the research of depression and Alzheimer's disease[1][2].
Mofegiline Hcl (MDL72974A) is a potent and selective enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B; shows marked selectivity for the B form (IC50 = 680 and 3.6 nM for MAO-A and MAO-B).IC50 value: 3.6 nM [1]Target: MAO-Bin vitro: MDL72974 inhibits rat brain mitochondrial MAO in a concentration and time-dependent fashion and shows marked selectivity for the B form (IC50 = 680 and 3.6 nM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively) [1]. is also capable of inhibiting semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAOs) obtained from vascular tissues and sera of different species. The inhibition of SSAO by MDL-72974A was irreversible and time dependent. It was competitive without preincubation of the enzyme with the inhibitor and demonstrated a mixed-type of inhibition when the enzyme was preincubated with the inhibitor. The IC50 values were estimated to be 2 x 10(-9) M, 5 x 10(-9) M, 8 x 10(-8) M and 2 x 10(-8) M for SSAO from dog aorta, rat aorta, bovine aorta and human umbilical artery, respectively [2]. in vivo: After oral administration to rats, the compound shows preferential inhibition of brain MAO-B with ED50 values of 8 and 0.18 mg/kg p.o. for the A and B forms, respectively. Selectivity is retained on repeat dosing. MDL 72,974 did not significantly potentiate the cardiovascular effects of intraduodenually-administered tyramine in anaesthetized rats and had only minor indirect sympathomimatic effects in the pithed rat [1]. Male beagle dogs were given single p.o. (20 mg/kg) and i.v. (5 mg/kg) doses of [14C]-Mofegiline. Total radioactivity excreted in urine and feces over 96 hr was, respectively, 75.5 +/- 3.8 and 6.3 +/- 3.4% of the dose after p.o. and 67.9 +/- 0.5 and 3.9 +/- 2.4% after i.v. administration. Unchanged drug in urine represented 3% of the dose after po and less than 1% after i.v. administration. Mofegiline was thus extensively metabolized in dogs, and urinary excretion was the major route of elimination of metabolites [3].
Ro 41-1049 hydrochloride is a selective, reversible, orally-active MAO-A inhibitor.Target: MAOin vivo: Ro 41-1049 is an inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) to rats and monitored extracellular catecholamine levels in the corpus striatum before and after the intraperitoneal (IP) administration of a bolus of L-dopa. Acute administration of Ro 41-1049 (1-50 mg/kg IP) produced a dose-dependent decrease in basal levels of the dopamine metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) and an increase in basal levels of dopamine. In rats treated with Ro 41-1049 (20 mg/kg IP), L-dopa administration (100 mg/kg IP) produced a greater increase in striatal levels of dopamine than it did in controls, while DOPAC and HVA formation was attenuated. We conclude that inhibition of central MAO-A activity promotes synaptic accumulation of dopamine following administration of pharmacological doses of L-dopa.
Rasagiline Mesylate is a new MAO-B inhibitor for the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Target: Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)-BRasagiline (N-propargyl-1-(R)-aminoindan) is a novel, highly potent irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor, anti-Parkinsonian drug. Rasagiline is effective as monotherapy or adjunct to L-Dopa for patients with early and late Parkinson's disease (PD) [1]. Rasagiline inhibits MAO-B more potently than selegiline and has the advantage of once-daily dosing. In several large, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, rasagiline has demonstrated efficacy as monotherapy in early PD and as adjunctive therapy in advanced PD. In addition, rasagiline has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in in vitro and in vivo studies. The recently completed delayed-start ADAGIO (Attenuation of Disease Progression with Azilect Given Once-daily) trial suggests a potential disease-modifying effect for rasagiline 1 mg/day, though the clinical import of this finding has yet to be established [2]. Rasagiline has been found to be well tolerated and effective in the treatment of early PD and as adjunctive treatment in motor fluctuations. Whether rasagiline is associated with clinically significant neuroprotection (ie, disease modification) in PD is the subject of ongoing clinical trials [3].
6-Acetonyl-N-methyldihydrodecarine is a natural alkaloid that can be isolated from roots of Zanthoxylum rigidum. An inhibitor of monoamine oxidases[1].
CHBO4 is a potent, reversible, competitive, and selective hMAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.031 μM in CHBO subseries and an Ki value of 0.010 ± 0.005 μM. CHBO4 reduce cell damage by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). CHBO4 can be used for Parkinson's Disease (PD) research[1].
Pirlindole is a novel potent inhibitor of Enteroviruse that targets Viral Protein 2C, inhibits EV-B and EV-D through the inhibition of genome replication (CV-B3 EC50=9.91 uM).
SSAO inhibitor-2 (Compound 1) is a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitor with IC50s of <10 nM, and 10-100 μM for human SSAO and MAO-A, respectively. SSAO inhibitor-3 can be used for the research of atherosclerosis, diabetes and its complications, obesity, stroke, chronic kidney disease, retinopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis, etc[1].
SSAO inhibitor-1 is a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitor. SSAO inhibitor-1 has anti-inflammatory activity and can be used for liver diseases research[1].
Pheniprazine is a potent and long acting inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Pheniprazine has the potential for the research of depression[1].
Echitovenidine is an alkaloid that can be isolated from Alstonia yunnanensis. Echitovenidine is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO)[1].