Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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Tenovin-6

Tenovin-6 is a water soluble inhibitor of SIRT1 and SIRT2, slightly inhibits HDAC8, and is also a potent activator of p53, with IC50s of 21 μM, 10 μM, and 67 μM for SirT1, SirT2, and SirT3, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1011557-82-6
  • MF: C25H34N4O2S
  • MW: 454.628
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fraxetin

Fraxetin is isolated from Cortex Fraxini. Fraxetin has antitumor, anti-oxidation effects and anti-inflammory effects. Fraxetin induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 574-84-5
  • MF: C10H8O5
  • MW: 208.167
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 472.0±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 230-232°C
  • Flash Point: 196.0±22.2 °C

Xanthatin

Xanthatin is isolated from Xanthium strumarium leaves. Xanthatin exhibits strong antitumor activities against a variety of cancer cells through apoptosis persuasion and shows anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting PGE2 synthesis and 5-lipoxygenase activity[1]. Xanthatin is a potent and orally active inhibitor of VEGFR2 kinase activity with an IC50 of 3.8 μM and prominently blocks the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 at Tyr951 site. Xanthatin inhibits angiogenesis and has the potential for the investigation of breast cancer[2].

  • CAS Number: 26791-73-1
  • MF: C15H18O3
  • MW: 246.302
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 444.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 114.5-115°
  • Flash Point: 199.1±28.8 °C

AM-7209

A potent and selective inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction with Kd of 38 pM, and IC50 of 1.6 nM; potently inhibits cell growth on-target in the tumor cell line with wild-type p53 cell with IC50 of 2 nM, exhibits >12,500-fold selectivity over those with p53-deficient cells; demonstrates remarkable pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo antitumor activity in both the SJSA-1 osteosarcoma xenograft model (ED50=2.6 mg/kg QD) and the HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma xenograft model (ED50=10 mg/kg QD).

  • CAS Number: 1623432-51-8
  • MF: C37H41Cl2FN2O7S
  • MW: 747.700
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 896.2±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 495.8±34.3 °C

Grifolin【terpenoid】

Grifolin is an antineoplastic agent can be isolated from the mushroom Albatrellus confluens and significantly induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 6903-07-7
  • MF: C22H32O2
  • MW: 328.49
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pifithrin-µ

Pifithrin-μ is an inhibitor of p53 and HSP70, with antitumor and neuroprotective activity.

  • CAS Number: 64984-31-2
  • MF: C8H7NO2S
  • MW: 181.212
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 351.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 135.0 to 139.0 °C
  • Flash Point: 166.5±23.2 °C

Cusatuzumab

Cusatuzumab is a human αCD70 monoclonal antibody. Cusatuzumab shows cytotoxicity activity with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular. Cusatuzumab reduces leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and triggers gene signatures related to myeloid differentiation and apoptosis. Cusatuzumab has the potential for the research of Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Rubropunctatin

Rubropunctatin, an orange azaphilone pigment, is isolated from the extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mold rice). Rubropunctatin has anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antioxidative effects, and also exhibits anti-tumor activity[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 514-67-0
  • MF: C21H22O5
  • MW: 354.39600
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.23g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 638.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 280ºC

Notopterol

Notopterol is a coumarin extracted from N. incisum. Notopterol induces apoptosis and has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Notopterol is used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)[1].

  • CAS Number: 88206-46-6
  • MF: C21H22O5
  • MW: 354.396
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 546.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 284.4±30.1 °C

Frondoside A

Frondoside A, a natural glycoside extracted from the sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, possesses anticancer, anti-invasive, anti-metastasis, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptosis properties with high safety[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 127367-76-4
  • MF: C60H95NaO29S
  • MW: 1335.43000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MM-401 TFA

MM-401 (TFA) is a MLL1 H3K4 methyltransferase inhibitor. MM-401 inhibits MLL1 activity (IC50 = 0.32 µM) by blocking MLL1-WDR5 interaction. MM-401 can induce cell cycle arrest, Apoptosis and differentiation. MM-401 can be used for the research of MLL leukemia[1].

  • CAS Number: 1442106-11-7
  • MF: C31H47F3N8O7
  • MW: 700.75
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nudol

Nudol is a phenanthrene compound that has anti-cancer activity. Nudol inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis. Nudol inhibits MMP-2M and MMP-9 activity (Ki: 988.9 nM, 1.76 μM, respectively). Nudol can be used in the research of cancers, such as osteosarcoma[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 86630-46-8
  • MF: C16H14O4
  • MW: 270.28000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 512.4 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cot inhibitor-2

Cot inhibitor-2 is a COT/Tpl2 inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 915363-56-3
  • MF: C26H25Cl2FN8
  • MW: 539.43500
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.45
  • Boiling Point: 713.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 385.2ºC

XZ739

XZ739, a CRBN-dependent PROTAC BCL-XL degrader with a DC50 value of 2.5 nM in MOLT-4 cells after 16 h treatment. XZ739 also induces cell death through caspase-mediated apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2365172-19-4
  • MF: C65H76ClF3N8O12S3
  • MW: 1349.99
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Adenosine-13C

Adenosine-13C is the 13C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology,

  • CAS Number: 54447-57-3
  • MF: C10H13N5O4
  • MW: 268.23400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Calphostin C

Calphostin C is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein kinase C. Calphostin C is an antitumor antibiotic. Calphostin C has 1000 times more inhibitory to protein kinase C with an IC50 of 0.05 μM than other protein kinases. Calphostin C induces apoptosis in some tumor cell lines. Calphostin C has potent cytotoxic activity and antitumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 121263-19-2
  • MF: C44H38O14
  • MW: 790.764
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1039.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 317.0±27.8 °C

rac 8-Prenylnaringenin

(±)-8-Prenylnaringenin, a natural prenylated flavonoid, is a potent phytoestrogen. (±)-8-Prenylnaringenin is an orally active selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) (Estrogen Receptor/ERR) that inhibits ERα and ERβ with IC50s of 57 nM and 68 nM, respectively. (±)-8-Prenylnaringenin has anticancer effects, and can be used for osteoporosis research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 68682-02-0
  • MF: C20H20O5
  • MW: 340.37000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GDC-0152

GDC-0152 is a potent inhibitor of IAPs which binds to the XIAP BIR3 domain, the BIR domain of ML-IAP, and the BIR3 domains of cIAP1 and cIAP2 with Ki values of 28, 14, 17, and 43 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 873652-48-3
  • MF: C25H34N6O3S
  • MW: 498.641
  • Catalog: IAP
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ro 41-5253

Ro 41-5253 is an orally active selective retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) antagonist. Ro 41-5253 can bind RARα without inducing transcription or affecting RAR/RXR heterodimerization and DNA binding. Ro 41-5253 can inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, has antitumor activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 144092-31-9
  • MF: C28H36O5S
  • MW: 484.64700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.154g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 661.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 353.8ºC

SKF-96365

SKF-96365 hydrochloride is a non-selective TRP Channel blocker.

  • CAS Number: 130495-35-1
  • MF: C22H27ClN2O3
  • MW: 402.914
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 556ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 119 °C
  • Flash Point: 290.1ºC

ZZW-115(ZZW115

ZZW-115 (ZZW115, ZZW 115) is a potent inhibitor of NUPR1 (Kd=2.1 uM), an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) with an entirely disordered conformation; demonstrates antitumor activity on a panel of 11 primary PDAC-derived cells and it was found to be efficient to kill the cancer cells with IC50 in the range from 0.84 μM (ANOR) to 4.93 μM (HN14), also inhibits the growth of other tumors-derived cells (IC50=0.42 μM (Hep2G cells) to 7.75 μM (SaO-2 cells)); induces pancreatic cell death by necrosis and apoptosis and inhibits the growth pancreatic xenografted tumors in vivo.

  • CAS Number: 801991-87-7
  • MF: C24H31F3N4S
  • MW: 464.595
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Methylthiouracil

Methylthiouracil is an antithyroid agent. Methylthiouracil suppresses the production TNF-α and IL-6, and the activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2.

  • CAS Number: 56-04-2
  • MF: C5H6N2OS
  • MW: 142.179
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 342.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: ~330 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 160.8ºC

GSK-872 hydrochloride

GSK-872 hydrochloride is a RIPK3 inhibitor, which binds RIP3 kinase domain with an IC50 of 1.8 nM, and inhibits kinase activity with an IC50 of 1.3 nM. GSK-872 hydrochloride decreases the RIPK3-mediated necroptosis and subsequent cytoplasmic translocation and expression of HMGB1, as well as ameliorates brain edema and neurological deficits in early brain injury[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 2703752-81-0
  • MF: C19H18ClN3O2S2
  • MW: 419.95
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Busulfan-D8

Busulfan-D8 is a deuterium labeled Busulfan. Busulfan is an alkyl sulfonate that acts as an alkylating antineoplastic agent. Busulfan forms both intra- and interstrand crosslinks on DNA. In mammals, Busulfan causes profound and prolonged reduction in the generation of hematopoietic progenitors without significantly affecting lymphocyte levels or humoral antibody responses.

  • CAS Number: 116653-28-2
  • MF: C6H6D8O6S2
  • MW: 254.351
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 464.0±28.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 112-114ºC
  • Flash Point: 234.4±24.0 °C

Belapectin

Belapectin (GR-MD-02) is a Galectin-3 (Gal-3) inhibitor. Belapectin drives tumor-induced immunosuppression by inducing T cell Apoptosis. Belapectin promotes tumor regression and improves survival of tumor-bearing mice through a CD8+ T cell-dependent mechanism. Belapectin binds to Gal-3 with affinity Ki of 2.8 μM[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RIP2 kinase inhibitor 1

RIP2 kinase inhibitor 1 (compound 11) is a potent and selective receptor interacting protein 2 (RIP2) kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.03 μM for RIP2 FP. RIP2 kinase inhibitor 1 is used for autoinflammatory disorders[1].

  • CAS Number: 2380028-10-2
  • MF: C17H17N5O2S
  • MW: 355.41
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

INCB3619

INCB3619 is a selective and orally active ADAM inhibitor with IC50 of 22 nM and 14 nM for ADAM10 and ADAM17, respectively. INCB3619 has anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 791826-72-7
  • MF: C22H27N3O5
  • MW: 413.46700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PR-924

A potent, specific immunoproteasome LMP7 subunit inhibitor with IC50 of 25 nM, >100-fold selectivity over β5c, β1i, β1c, β2i and β2c subunits (IC50>3 uM); shows weak activity toward LMP2 and no detectable activity toward β1, β2, or MECL1.

  • CAS Number: 1416709-79-9
  • MF: C37H38N4O5
  • MW: 618.721
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 969.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 539.8±34.3 °C

RTA 744

RTA 744 (WP 744) is a Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) analogue. RTA 744 triggers apoptosis and cell killing in NB cells by activating proapoptotic mediators. RTA 744 has proapoptotic and anti-leukemia activities. RTA 744 can be used for cancer research[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 293736-67-1
  • MF: C34H36ClNO11
  • MW: 670.10300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Necroptosis-IN-1

Necroptosis-IN-1, an analog of Necrostatin-1 (HY-15760), is a potent necroptosi inhibitor. Necroptosis-IN-1 is a RIPK inhibitor[1].

  • CAS Number: 1391980-92-9
  • MF: C12H10ClN3O2
  • MW: 263.68
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A