Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1].
ATR-IN-4 is a potent ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene Rad 3-associated kinase) inhibitor. ATR-IN-4 inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cells DU145 and human lung cancer cells NCI-H460 with IC50s of 130.9 nM and 41 .33 nM, respectively. (Patent CN112142744A, compound 13)[1].
Z-guggulsterone, a constituent of Indian Ayurvedic medicinal plant Commiphora mukul, inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cells by causing apoptosis. Z-guggulsterone inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing the VEGF–VEGF-R2–Akt signaling axis[1].
TGX-155 (AZ12649385) is a selective inhibitor of PI3Kβ. TGX-155 has potential applications in antithrombotic therapy[1][2][3].
Bempedoic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Bempedoic acid. Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) is an ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor. Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) activates AMPK[1][2].
CHPG sodium salt is a selective mGluR5 agonist, and attenuates SO2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation through TSG-6/NF-κB pathway in BV2 microglial cells[1]. CHPG sodium salt protects against traumatic brain injury (TBI) in vitro and in vivo by activation of the ERK and Akt signaling pathways.[2].
N-Feruloyloctopamine, isolated from Garlic skin, is an antioxidant constituent. N-Feruloyloctopamine significantly decreases the phosphorylation levels of Akt and p38 MAPK[1].
PI3Kδ-IN-17 (Compound S5) is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kδ, with IC50 of 2.82?nM. PI3Kδ-IN-17 shows strong inhibitory activity of proliferation in SU-DHL-6 cells (IC50 = 0.035 μM)[1].
PI3K-IN-38 (compound 123) is an orally active PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 0.541 µM (PI3K-α). PI3K-IN-38 shows activities of anticancer and anti-inflammatory, which inhibis tumor growth in vivo[1].
M2698 (MSC2363318A) is an orally active, ATP competitive, selective p70S6K and Akt dual-inhibitor with IC50s of 1 nM for p70S6K, Akt1 and Akt3. M2698 can cross the blood-brain barrier and has anti-cancer activity[1].
MARK-IN-4 is a potent microtubule affinity regulating kinase (MARK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 nM. Inhibition of microtubule affinity regulating kinase (MARK) represents a potentially attractive means of arresting neurofibrillary tangle pathology in Alzheimer's disease[1].
hSMG-1 inhibitor 11e is a potent, selective hSMG-1 kinase inhibitor with IC50 of <0.05 nM, >900-fold selectivity over mTOR, and no significant activity against CDK1/2.
Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate (TF3), the typical pigment in black tea, is a good antitumor agent. Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate is generally regarded as the effective component for the inhibitory effects against carcinogenesis without adverse side effects by affecting multiple signal transduction pathways, such as upregulating p53 and p21, inhibiting phosphorylation of the cell survival protein Akt and MAPK pathway, downregulation of NF-κB, shifting the ratio between pro-/antiapoptotic proteins. Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate causes a rapid and sustained decrease in phospho-ERK1/2 and -MEK1/2 protein expression. Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate inhibits HCT116 cell growth with an IC50 of 17.26 μM[1].
FD223 is a potent and selective phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitor. FD223 displays high potency (IC50=1 nM) and good selectivity over other isoforms (IC50s of 51 nM, 29 nM and 37 nM, respectively for α, β and γ). FD223 exhibits efficient inhibition of the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines by suppressing p-AKT Ser473 thus causing G1 phase arrest during the cell cycle. FD223 has potential for the research of leukemia such as AML[1].
VO-Ohpic trihydrate is a highly potent inhibitor of PTEN with an IC50 of 46±10 nM.
GSK-3β inhibitor 8, a thiophenacil derivative, is an effective and selective inhibitor of GSK-3β (IC50=64 nM). GSK-3β inhibitor 8 negatively regulated Wnt signaling pathway and stimulated β cell proliferation[1][2].
MHY1485 is a cell-permeable mTOR activator. MHY1485 has an inhibitory effect on the autophagic process by inhibition of fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes.
AKT-IN-14 (Example 2) is a potent AKTinhibitor with the IC50 values of <0.01 nM, 1.06 nM and 0.66 nM for AKT1, AKT2, AKT3, respectively. AKT-IN-14 can be used in cancer research[1].
Zederone, a germacrane-type sesquiterpene, has potently cytotoxic against human white blood cancer cells and human prostate cancer cells. Zederone significantly inhibits the proliferation and downregulates the protein expressions of mTOR, and phosphorylated p70 S6 kinase (p-p70s6K) in SKOV3 cells[1][2].
ATR-IN-5 is a potent inhibitor of ATR. ATR is a class of protein kinases involved in genome stability and DNA damage repair, and is a member of the PIKK family. ATR-IN-5 has the potential for the research of ATR kinase-mediated diseases such as proliferative diseases and cancer (extracted from patent CN112047938A, compound D24)[1].
Cu(II)GTSM, a cell-permeable Cu-complex, significantly inhibits GSK3β. Cu(II)GTSM inhibits Amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) and decreases tau phosphorylation. Cu(II)GTSM also decreases the abundance of Amyloid-β trimers. Cu(II)GTSM is a potential anticancer and antimicrobial agent[1][2].
DIF-3 reduces the expression levels of cyclin D1 and c-Myc by facilitating their degradation via activation of GSK-3β. DIF-3 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins in DLD-1 cells. DIF-3 exerts a strong antiproliferative effect on the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa by inducing cyclin D1 degradation and inhibiting cyclin D1 mRNA expression[1].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) is the major lipid component of royal jelly produced by honeybees. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid has several health-beneficial effects in mammals, such as antitumor activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and antiangiogenic activity. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid also extends the lifespan of C. elegans[1].
AZD6738 is a potent inhibitor of ATR kinase with an IC50 of 1 nM.
ALM301 is an orally active highly specific AKT inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.13 µM, 0.09 µM and 2.75 µM for AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3, respectively. ALM301 inhibits AKT phosphorylation and modulates downstream signalling in vitro. ALM301 can inhibit cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth[1].
DCZ3301 is a potent aryl-guanidino inhibitor. DCZ3301 inhibits cell proliferation, induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. DCZ3301 inhibits the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway by downregulating the protein expression of PI3K and phosphorylation of AKT. DCZ3301 can be used in research of cancer[1].
BAY1082439 is an orally bioavailable, selective PI3Kα/β/δ inhibitor. BAY1082439 also inhibits mutated forms of PIK3CA. BAY1082439 is highly effective in inhibiting Pten-null prostate cancer growth[1][2].
NU6027 is a potent and ATP-competitive inhibitor of both CDK1 and CDK2, with Kis of 2.5 µM and 1.3 µM, respectively. NU6027 is also a potent inhibitor of ATR and enhances hydroxyurea and cisplatin cytotoxicity in an ATR-dependent manner[1][2].
Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X) hydrochloride is a cell-permeable and reversible PKC inhibitor (IC50 of 20 nM, 17 nM, 16 nM, and 20 nM for PKCα, PKCβI, PKCβII, and PKCγ. Bisindolylmaleimide I hydrochloride is also a GSK-3 inhibitor[1][2][3].
PIK-108 is a non-ATP competitive, allosteric p110β/p110δ selective inhibitor[1].