Amyloid 17-42 (Aβ(17-42)) is a major constituent of diffuse plaques in Alzheimer's disease and cerebellar pre-amyloid in Down's syndrome, derived by alpha- and gamma-secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Amyloid 17-42 can induce neuronal Apoptosis via a Fas-like/caspase-8 activation pathway[1].
GABAA receptor agent 2 TFA is a potent and high-affinity GABAA receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 24 nM (human α1β2γ2 GABAA-expressing tsA201 cells) and a Ki of 28 nM (rat GABAA receptors). GABAA receptor agent 2 TFA is inactive against four human GABA transporters (hGAT-1, hBGT-1, hGAT-2, and hGAT-3)[1].
VU6004909 is a mGlu5 receptor positive allosteric modulator (pEC50: 7.59). VU6004909 shows antipsychotic-like effects. VU6004909 can reverse MK801-induced cortical hyperactivity and cognitive deficits[1][2].
AMP-Deoxynojirimycin (AMP-DNM) is a potent ceramide glucosyltransferase and GCase 2 inhibitor. AMP-Deoxynojirimycin also is a GlcCer biosynthesis inhibitor[1][2].
ACV1 (Vc1.1), an α-Conotoxin, is a selective α9α10 nAChR antagonist with an IC50 of 19 nM. ACV1 is ~100-fold less potent on human α9α10 vs. rat nAChRs[1].
Levamisole Hcl is an anthelmintic and immunomodulator belonging to a class of synthetic imidazothiazole derivatives.IC50 value: Target: Levamisole suppresses the production of white blood cells, resulting in neutropenia and agranulocytosis. With the increasing use of levamisole as an adulterant, a number of these complications have been reported among cocaine users [1] [2]. Levamisole reversibly and noncompetitively inhibits most isoforms of alkaline phosphatase (e.g., human liver, bone, kidney, and spleen) except the intestinal and placental isoform [3]. It is thus used as an inhibitor along with substrate to reduce background alkaline phosphatase activity in biomedical assays involving detection signal amplification by intestinal alkaline phosphatase, for example in in situ hybridization or Western blot protocols. It is used to immobilize the nematode C. elegans on glass slides for imaging.
Clovoxamine (DU23811) (Compound 35) has binding affinity for serotonin transporter (SERT) (Ki: 61 nM). Clovoxamine is a 5-HT and norepinephrine reuptake (NE) re-uptake inhibitor. Clovoxamine is an antidepressant[1][2][3].
CX 717 is a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptor. Antidepressant-like effect. CX 717 can be used for the research of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)[1][2].
Orientin is a naturally occurring bioactive flavonoid that possesses diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, and cardio protection. Orientin is a promising neuroprotective agent suitable for therapy for neuropathic pain[1][2].
CMS-121 is a quinolone derivative and an orally active acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) inhibitor. CMS-121 protects HT22 cells against ischemia and oxidative damage with EC50 values of 7 nM and 200 nM, respectively. CMS-121 has strong neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and renoprotective activities[1][2][3].
ω-Agatoxin IVA is a potent, selective P/Q type Ca2+ channel blocker with IC50s of 2 nM and 90 nM for P-type and Q-type Ca2+ channels, respectively. ω-Agatoxin IVA (IC50, 30-225 nM) inhibits glutamate exocytosis and calcium influx elicited by high potassium. ω-Agatoxin IVA also blocks the high potassium-induced release of serotonin and norepinephrine. ω-Agatoxin IVA has no effect on L-type or N-type calcium channels[1][2].
11β-HSD1-IN-11 (Compound c1a) is a competitive 11β-HSD1 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.34 μM and 0.13 μM against rat and human 11β-HSD1, respectively[1].
LY125180 is a serotonin uptake inhibitor. LY125180 competitively inhibits the uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by cortical synaptosomes and of dopamine by striatal synaptosomes, with Ki values of 0.06 μM, 2.2 μM and 2.5 μM respectively[1].
Alosetron D3 (GR 68755 D3) is a deuterium labeled Alosetron. Alosetron is a serotonin 5HT3-receptor antagonist[1].
OMDM-6 is a hybrid agonist of vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR1, TRPV1) (EC50=75 nM) and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) (Ki=3.2 μM). OMDM-6 inhibits anandamide cellular uptake (ACU) with a Ki of 7.0 μM[1].
Pegsebrenatide (NLY01) is a long-acting GLP-1R agonist. Pegsebrenatide has an extended half-life and favorable blood-brain barrier penetration. Pegsebrenatide can block A1 astrocyte transformation, reducing dopaminergic cell death, and improving motor symptoms in mouse models of PD[1].
Isamoltane hemifumarate is a selective antagonist of 5-HT1B receptor, with an IC50 of 39 nM for inhibits the binding of [125I]ICYP to 5-HT1B recognition sites in rat brain membranes. Isamoltane hemifumarate is also a β-adrenoceptor ligand, with an IC50 of 8.4 nM. Isamoltane hemifumarate shows anxiolytic activity[1].
Autophinib is a potent autophagy inhibitor, which can inhibit autophagy induced by starvation or rapamycin by targeting the lipid kinase VPS34 with IC50s of 90, 40 and 19 nM, respectively.
Vortioxetine is a inhibitor of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT3A, 5-HT7 receptor and SERT, with Ki values of 15 nM, 33 nM, 3.7 nM, 19 nM and 1.6 nM, respectively.
Pyridoxine-d5 (Pyridoxol-d5) is a deuterium labeled Pyridoxine (HY-B1328). Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol) is a pyridine derivative. Pyridoxine exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.
GSK-3β inhibitor 2 (Compound 3) is a potent, selective and orally active GSK-3β inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.1 nM. GSK-3β inhibitor 2 can cross the blood-brain barrier. GSK-3β inhibitor 2 has the potential for Alzheimer's disease[1].
D-Galactose-13C is the 13C labeled D-Galactose. D-Galactose is a natural aldohexose and C-4 epimer of glucose[1][2][3][4].
Hyperforin is a transient receptor canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels activator. Hyperforin modulates Ca2+ levels by activating Ca2+-conducting non-selective canonical TRPC6 channels. Hyperforin also shows diverse pharmacological activities including anti-depression, anti-tumor, anti-dementia, anti-diabetes. Hyperforin modulates γδ T cells to secret IL-17α, improves Imiquimod (HY-B0180)-induced psoriasis-like mice model[1][2][3][4][5].
Sarcophine ((+)-Sarcophine) is a potent glycine receptor (GlyR) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.9 μM. Sarcophine is a nature product that could be isolated form the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum[1].
6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid is an NMDA receptor modulator extracted from patent WO 2012019106 A2.
Corydalmine hydrochloride inhibits spore germination of some plant pathogenic as well as saprophytic fungi[1]. Corydalmine hydrochloride acts as an oral analgesic agent, exhibiting potent analgesic activity[2]. Corydalmine hydrochloride alleviates Vincristine-induced neuropathic pain in mice by inhibiting an NF-κB-dependent CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling pathway[3].
LY320135 is a potent and selective antagonist of CB1 receptor, with a Ki of 141 nM. LY320135 also binds to 5-HT2 and muscarinic receptors with Kis of 6.4 μM and 2.1 μM, respectively. LY320135 exhibits neuroprotective effect[1][2].
Solriamfetol (JZP-110) is a selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with robust wake-promoting effects. Solriamfetol binds to dopamine and norepinephrine transporters, so it can inhibit reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. Solriamfetol treatment significantly improves the ability to stay awake and subjective symptoms of excessive sleepiness in adults with narcolepsy.
Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class used for antidepressant research.
[DAla2] Dynorphin A (1-9) (porcine) is a dynorphin, which can be used in studies of analgesic, addiction, and depression.