Levamisole (hydrochloride)

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 16:03:28

Levamisole (hydrochloride) structure	Common Name	Levamisole (hydrochloride)
	CAS Number	16595-80-5	Molecular Weight	240.752
	Density	N/A	Boiling Point	344.4ºC at 760 mmHg
	Molecular Formula	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂S	Melting Point	226-231ºC
	MSDS	Chinese USA	Flash Point	162.1ºC
	Symbol	GHS06	Signal Word	Danger

Use of Levamisole (hydrochloride)

Levamisole Hcl is an anthelmintic and immunomodulator belonging to a class of synthetic imidazothiazole derivatives.IC50 value: Target: Levamisole suppresses the production of white blood cells, resulting in neutropenia and agranulocytosis. With the increasing use of levamisole as an adulterant, a number of these complications have been reported among cocaine users [1] [2]. Levamisole reversibly and noncompetitively inhibits most isoforms of alkaline phosphatase (e.g., human liver, bone, kidney, and spleen) except the intestinal and placental isoform [3]. It is thus used as an inhibitor along with substrate to reduce background alkaline phosphatase activity in biomedical assays involving detection signal amplification by intestinal alkaline phosphatase, for example in in situ hybridization or Western blot protocols. It is used to immobilize the nematode C. elegans on glass slides for imaging.

Name	Levamisole hydrochloride
Synonym	More Synonyms

Description	Levamisole Hcl is an anthelmintic and immunomodulator belonging to a class of synthetic imidazothiazole derivatives.IC50 value: Target: Levamisole suppresses the production of white blood cells, resulting in neutropenia and agranulocytosis. With the increasing use of levamisole as an adulterant, a number of these complications have been reported among cocaine users [1] [2]. Levamisole reversibly and noncompetitively inhibits most isoforms of alkaline phosphatase (e.g., human liver, bone, kidney, and spleen) except the intestinal and placental isoform [3]. It is thus used as an inhibitor along with substrate to reduce background alkaline phosphatase activity in biomedical assays involving detection signal amplification by intestinal alkaline phosphatase, for example in in situ hybridization or Western blot protocols. It is used to immobilize the nematode C. elegans on glass slides for imaging.
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Parasite Research Areas >> Neurological Disease
References	[1]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Agranulocytosis associated with cocaine use - four States, March 2008-November 2009.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Dec 18;58(49):1381-5. [2]. Zhu NY, et al. Agranulocytosis after consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Feb 17;150(4):287-9. [3]. Van Belle H. Alkaline phosphatase. I. Kinetics and inhibition by levamisole of purified isoenzymes from humans. Clin Chem. 1976 Jul;22(7):972-6.

Description

Related Catalog

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Parasite

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

References

[1]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Agranulocytosis associated with cocaine use - four States, March 2008-November 2009.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Dec 18;58(49):1381-5.

[2]. Zhu NY, et al. Agranulocytosis after consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Feb 17;150(4):287-9.

[3]. Van Belle H. Alkaline phosphatase. I. Kinetics and inhibition by levamisole of purified isoenzymes from humans. Clin Chem. 1976 Jul;22(7):972-6.

Boiling Point	344.4ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	226-231ºC
Molecular Formula	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂S
Molecular Weight	240.752
Flash Point	162.1ºC
Exact Mass	240.048798
PSA	40.90000
LogP	2.32160
Index of Refraction	-126 ° (C=1， H2O)
Storage condition	2~8°C

Levamisole (hydrochloride) MSDS(Chinese)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: NJ5960000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Imidazo(2,1-b)thiazole, 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenyl-, monohydrochloride, L-(-)-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 16595-80-5

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 20

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C11-H12-N2-S.Cl-H

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 240.77

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 180 mg/kg/36D

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - thrombocytopenia

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 180 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 42 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 80 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 26 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 223 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 34 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 52 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 18 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 121 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 363 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10800 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Blood - normocytic anemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 10800 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 1800 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Blood - normocytic anemia Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 330 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 480 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 19-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 4 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 750 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 19-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 2125 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 19-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 mg/kg

REFERENCE :: CCROBU Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, Part 1. (Washington, DC) V.52(6)-59, 1968-75. For publisher information, see CTRRDO. Volume(issue)/page/year: 59,531,1975

Symbol	GHS06
Signal Word	Danger
Hazard Statements	H301
Precautionary Statements	Missing Phrase - N15.00950417
Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves;type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
Hazard Codes	T:Toxic
Risk Phrases	R25
Safety Phrases	S28-S45
RIDADR	UN 2811
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	NJ5960000
Packaging Group	III
Hazard Class	6.1(b)
HS Code	2933290090

Imidazo[2,1-b]t...

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Precursor 1
CAS#:5036-02-2 Imidazo[2,1-b]t...
DownStream 1
CAS#:14769-73-4 (S)-(-)-Levamisole

HS Code	2933290090
Summary	2933290090. other compounds containing an unfused imidazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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Levamisole (hydrochloride)

Shanghai Jizhi Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd
China
Product Name: Levamisole (hydrochloride)
Price: ￥285.0/25g ￥875.0/100g
Purity: 99.0%
Stocking Period: Inquiry
Contact: Liu jia

DC Chemicals Limited
China
Product Name: Levamisole HCl(Ergamisol)
Price: $250.0/100mg $500.0/250mg $1000.0/1g
Purity: 98.0%
Stocking Period: 3 Day
Contact: Tony Cao

Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.
China
Product Name: Levamisole hydrochloride
Price: $Inquiry/100g $Inquiry/1kg $Inquiry/100kg $Inquiry/1000kg
Purity: 98.0%
Stocking Period: Inquiry
Contact: Ms Wang

Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.
China
Product Name: Levamisole hydrochloride
Price: $Inquiry/1kg $Inquiry/25kg $Inquiry/1000kg $Inquiry/10ton
Purity: 99.0%
Stocking Period: Inquiry
Contact: Anson

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