Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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stigmast-5-en-7-on-3§-ol

7-Ketositosterol is a phytosterol isolated from the fruits of the mulberry tree (Morus alba L.). 7-Ketositosterol can significantly inhibit Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK1 cells and has the potential to improve Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2034-74-4
  • MF: C29H48O2
  • MW: 428.690
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 536.1±29.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 226.1±16.9 °C

WNY1613

WNY1613 is a potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitor with piperazinone-containing purine scaffold. WNY1613 induces cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits the phosphorylation of PI3K downstream components in NHL cell lines. WNY1613 exhibits anti-NHL activity in vitro and in vivo[1].

  • CAS Number: 2650546-39-5
  • MF: C29H35N9O3
  • MW: 557.65
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Linalool-d3

Linalool-d3 is the deuterium labeled Linalool[1]. Linalool is natural monoterpene in essential olis of coriander, acts as a competitive antagonist of Nmethyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, with anti-tumor, anti-cardiotoxicity activity[2].Linalool is a PPARα ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome[3].

  • CAS Number: 1216673-02-7
  • MF: C10H15D3O
  • MW: 157.268
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 198.5±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 76.1±0.0 °C

Dolastatin 15

Dolastatin 15 (DLS 15), a depsipeptide derived from Dolabella auricularia, is a potent antimitotic agent structurally related to the antitubulin agent Dolastatin 10. Dolastatin 15 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Dolastatin 15 can be used as an ADC cytotoxin[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 123884-00-4
  • MF: C45H68N6O9
  • MW: 837.05600
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: 1.2g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 943.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 524.2ºC

Pomolic acid

Randialic acid A (Pomolic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Euscaphis japonica (Tunb.). Randialic acid A (Pomolic acid) inhibits tumor cells growth and induces cell apoptosis. Randialic acid A (Pomolic acid) has a potential for the treatment of prostate cancer (PC)[2].

  • CAS Number: 13849-91-7
  • MF: C30H48O4
  • MW: 472.700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 586.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 322.4±26.6 °C

Estrogen receptor modulator 10

Estrogen receptor modulator 10 (compound G-5b) is an Estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist (IC50=6.7 nM) and degrader (DC50=0.4 nM). Estrogen receptor modulator 10 can induce apoptosis. Estrogen receptor modulator 10 can block cells at the G1/G0 phase. Estrogen receptor modulator 10 can be used in cancer studies[1].

  • CAS Number: 2991504-90-4
  • MF: C32H37F9N4O3S
  • MW: 728.71
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CAY10500

SPD304 is a selective inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and promotes dissociation of TNF trimers and therefore blocks the interaction of TNF and its receptor, with an IC50 of 22 µM for inhibiting in vitro TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) binding to TNF-α[1][2]. SPD304 cannot be used in vivo due to its high toxicity[3].

  • CAS Number: 869998-49-2
  • MF: C32H32F3N3O2
  • MW: 547.611
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 589.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 310.2±30.1 °C

Carfilzomib-d8

Carfilzomib-d8 is deuterium labeled Carfilzomib. Carfilzomib (PR-171) is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM in ANBL-6 and RPMI 8226 cells.

  • CAS Number: 1537187-53-3
  • MF: C40H49D8N5O7
  • MW: 727.96
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 975.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 543.8±34.3 °C

Homoplantaginin

Homoplantaginin is a flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicine Salvia plebeia with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. Homoplantaginin could inhibit TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression, IKKβ and NF-κB phosphorylation.

  • CAS Number: 17680-84-1
  • MF: C22H22O11
  • MW: 462.404
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 798.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 256-258℃
  • Flash Point: 279.7±26.4 °C

DMU-212

DMU-212 is a methylated derivative of Resveratrol (HY-16561), with antimitotic, anti-proliferative, antioxidant and apoptosis promoting activities. DMU-212 induces mitotic arrest via induction of apoptosis and activation of ERK1/2 protein. DMU-212 has oral bioavailability[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 134029-62-2
  • MF: C18H20O4
  • MW: 300.349
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 444.0±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 144.1±34.2 °C

SJ 172550

SJ-172550 is a small molecule inhibitor of MDMX; competes for the wild type p53 peptide binding to MDMX with an EC50 of 5 μM.

  • CAS Number: 431979-47-4
  • MF: C22H21ClN2O5
  • MW: 428.87
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 560.8±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 293.0±32.9 °C

2'-epi-2'-O-Acetylthevetin B

2'-epi-2'-O-Acetylthevetin B (GHSC-74) is a cardiac glycoside that can be isolated from the seeds of Cerbera manghas L. 2'-epi-2'-O-Acetylthevetin B inhibits cell viability, induces apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 82145-55-9
  • MF: C44H68O19
  • MW: 901.00
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tenovin-1

Tenovin-1 is an inhibitor of sirtuin 1 and sirtuin 2, an activator of p53 and may have potential in the management of cancer.

  • CAS Number: 380315-80-0
  • MF: C20H23N3O2S
  • MW: 369.480
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.238±0.06 g/cm3 (20 ºC 760 Torr)
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fluorescein-diisobutyrate-6-amide

Fluorescein-diisobutyrate-6-amide is a potent ferroptosis inducer. Fluorescein-diisobutyrate-6-amide has the potential for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2375357-99-4
  • MF: C62H61ClN6O16
  • MW: 1181.63
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Neochlorogenic acid

Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound found in dried fruits and other plants. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Neochlorogenic acid suppresses iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Neochlorogenic acid also inhibits phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK activation.

  • CAS Number: 906-33-2
  • MF: C16H18O9
  • MW: 354.309
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 665.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 245.5±25.0 °C

FLUNISOLIDE

Flunisolide hemihydrate is a corticosteroid, which is an orally active glucocorticoid receptor activator with anti-inflammatory activity. Flunisolide hemihydrate can induce eosinophil apoptosis, and is used for the research of asthma or rhinitis, and inflammation[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 77326-96-6
  • MF: C48H64F2O13
  • MW: 887.01100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.33 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 581.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 305.7ºC

β-Apopicropodophyllin

β-Apopicropodophyllin is a nature product that could be isolated from Hyptis wticillata.β-Apopicropodophyllin induces apoptosis by inducing microtubule disruption, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and ER stress. β-Apopicropodophyllin can be used in research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 477-52-1
  • MF: C22H20O7
  • MW: 396.39000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Etoposide 4'-Phosphate

Etoposide phosphate (BMY-40481) is a potent anti-cancer chemotherapy agent and a selective topoisomerase II inhibitor to prevent re-ligation of DNA strands. Etoposide phosphate is the phosphate ester prodrug of etoposide and is considered as active equivalent to Etoposide. Etoposide phosphate induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 117091-64-2
  • MF: C29H33O16P
  • MW: 666.522
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.55 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 907.7±75.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 502.7±37.1 °C

Cucurbitacin IIB

Cucurbitacin IIb is an active component isolated from Hemsleya amabilis, induces apoptosis with anti-inflammatory activity. Cucurbitacin IIb inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3, JNK and Erk1/2, enhances the phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB (p65), blocks nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) and decreases mRNA levels of IκBα and TNF-α[1].

  • CAS Number: 50298-90-3
  • MF: C30H48O7
  • MW: 520.698
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.22±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 668.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 158-159ºC
  • Flash Point: 372.0±28.0 °C

Necrostatin 2 (S enantiomer)

Necrostatin 2 is a potent necroptosis inhibitor with EC50 of 50 nM.IC50 Value: 50 nM (EC50) [1]Target: TNF-alphaNecrostatin 2 is a potent in vitro necroptosis inhibitors (exemplified by 1, EC50-0.05 uM) that also were efficacious in an animal model of ischemic stroke. Many Necroptosis inhibitor derivatives are designed for researchers.Necroptosis is a regulated caspase-independent cell death mechanism that results in morphological features resembling necrosis. It can be induced in a FADD-deficient variant of human Jurkat T cells treated with TNF-a. 5-(1H-Indol-3-ylmethyl)-2-thiohydantoins and 5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)hydantoins were found to be potent necroptosis inhibitors (called necrostatins).

  • CAS Number: 852391-20-9
  • MF: C13H12ClN3O2
  • MW: 277.70600
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HJC0416 hydrochloride

HJC0416 hydrochloride is a potent and orally active STAT3 inhibitor with an enhanced anticancer profile than Stattic (HY-13818). HJC0416 hydrochloride is a promising anti-cancer agent for breast cancer study[1].

  • CAS Number: 2415263-08-8
  • MF: C18H18Cl2N2O4S
  • MW: 429.32
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AM-8553

A potent, selective, orally bioavailable MDM2-p53 interaction inhibitor with HTRF IC50 of 1.1 nM, SJSA-1 EdU IC50 of 68 nM; exhibits excellent pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo efficacy.

  • CAS Number: 1352064-70-0
  • MF: C25H29Cl2NO4
  • MW: 478.408
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 644.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 343.3±31.5 °C

Z-IETD-pNA

Z-IETD-pNA (Z-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-pNA) is a colorimetric caspase-8 and granzyme B substrate. Z-IETD-pNA is hydrlyzed by caspase 8 to generate pNA[1].

  • CAS Number: 348079-18-5
  • MF: C33H42N6O13
  • MW: 730.72
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VEGFR-2-IN-22

VEGFR-2-IN-22 (Compound 25) is a dual VEGFR-2 and β-tubulin polymerization inhibitor with an IC50 of 19.82 nM against VEGFR-2. VEGFR-2-IN-22 induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2447587-73-5
  • MF: C26H24ClFN4O6
  • MW: 542.94
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

R 7050

R-7050 is a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) antagonist with greater selectivity toward TNFα.

  • CAS Number: 303997-35-5
  • MF: C16H8ClF3N4S
  • MW: 380.775
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Obacunone

Obacunone, isolated from seeds of Marsh White grapefruit, exhibits anti-tumor activity by the induction of apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 751-03-1
  • MF: C26H30O7
  • MW: 454.512
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 626.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 332.5±31.5 °C

ALK/EGFR-IN-1

ALK/EGFR-IN-1 (Compound 8l) is an ALK/EGFR dual inhibitor that blocks the phosphorylation of EGFR and ALK. ALK/EGFR-IN-1 inhibits ALK/EGFR mutants respectively, with IC50 of 4.3 nM for EGFR L858R T790M in H1975 cells and EML4-ALK in BaF3 cells, respectively. and 3.6 nM. ALK/EGFR-IN-1 may be used in NSCLC research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2730430-08-5
  • MF: C27H34ClN7O3S
  • MW: 572.12
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SKI-178

SKI-178 is a potent sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) and SphK2 inhibitor. SKI-178 is cytotoxic at IC50 concentrations ranging from 1.8 to 0.1 μM in both drug sensitive and multi-drug resistant cancer cell lines (i.e., MTR3, NCI-ADR and HL60/VCR). SKI-178 induces apoptosis in a CDK1-dependent manner in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1259484-97-3
  • MF: C21H22N4O4
  • MW: 394.42400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Anticancer agent 43

Anticancer Agent 43 is a potent anticancer agent. Anticancer Agent 43 induces apoptosis by caspase 3, PARP1, and Bax dependent mechanisms. Anticancer Agent 43 induces DNA damage[1].

  • CAS Number: 2470015-35-9
  • MF: C14H9FN2O3S2
  • MW: 336.36
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AZD0424

AZD0424 is an orally active, and dual selective Src/Abl kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity[1]. AZD0424 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lymphoma cells[2].

  • CAS Number: 692054-06-1
  • MF: C25H29ClN6O5
  • MW: 528.99
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A