Stem cells are required for continuous tissue maintenance within diverse organs, stem cell activity is often externally dictated by the microenvironment (the niche) so that stem cell output is precisely shaped to meet homeostatic needs or regenerative demands. Several key signaling pathways have been shown to play essential roles in this regulatory capacity. Specifically, the JAK/STAT, Hedgehog, Wnt, Notch, Smad, PI3K/phosphatase and tensin homolog, and NK-κB signaling pathways have all been shown experimentally to mediate various stem cell properties, such as self-renewal, cell fate decisions, survival, proliferation, and differentiation.

Recent studies mainly focus on cancer stem cell, induced pluripotent stem cell, neural stem cell and maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been believed to be responsible for tumor initiation, growth, and recurrence. Numerous agents have been developed to specifically target CSCs by suppressing the expression of pluripotency maintaining factors Nanog, Oct-4, Sox-2, and c-Myc and transcription of GLI. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into various types of cells, and a self-renewing resource, and scientists can experiment with an unlimited number of pluripotent cells to perfect the process of targeted differentiation, transplantation, and more, for personalized medicine. Novel pathological mechanisms have been elucidated, new drugs originating from iPSC screens are in the pipeline and the first clinical trial using human iPSC-derived products has been initiated.

References:
[1] Clevers H, et al. Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):1248012.
[2] Matsui WH. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Sep;95(1 Suppl 1):S8-S19.
[3] Koury J, et al. Stem Cells Int. 2017;2017:2925869.
[4] Garg A, et al. Cells. 2017 Feb 2;6(1). doi: 10.3390/cells6010004.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
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JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

4′-Demethylnobiletin

4′-Demethylnobiletin is a bioactive metabolite that activates the PKA/ERK/CREB signaling pathway, enhances CRE-mediated transcription in hippocampal neurons, and reverses memory impairment associated with NMDA receptor antagonism by stimulating ERK signaling[1].

  • CAS Number: 34810-62-3
  • MF: C20H20O8
  • MW: 388.36800
  • Catalog: ERK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fasudil Hydrochloride

Fasudil Hydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of ROCK1, PKA, PKC, and MLCK with Kis of 0.33 μM, 1.0 μM, 9.3 μM and 55 μM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 105628-07-7
  • MF: C14H18ClN3O2S
  • MW: 327.83
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 506.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 222 °C(dec.)
  • Flash Point: 259.9ºC

LGK-974 (WNT974)

LGK974 is a potent and specific Porcupine (PORCN) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1243244-14-5
  • MF: C23H20N6O
  • MW: 396.444
  • Catalog: Porcupine
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 650.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 347.5±31.5 °C

Wogonin

Wogonin is a naturally occurring mono-flavonoid, can inhibit the activity of CDK8 and Wnt, and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

  • CAS Number: 632-85-9
  • MF: C16H12O5
  • MW: 284.263
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 518.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 203-206°C
  • Flash Point: 198.4±23.6 °C

Hydroxy Fasudil Hydrochloride

Hydroxyfasudil hydrochloride is a ROCK inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.73 and 0.72 μM for ROCK1 and ROCK2, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 155558-32-0
  • MF: C14H18ClN3O3S
  • MW: 343.829
  • Catalog: ROCK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: >250ºC(dec.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Artesunate

Artesunate is an inhibitor of both STAT-3 and exported protein 1 (EXP1).

  • CAS Number: 88495-63-0
  • MF: C19H28O8
  • MW: 384.421
  • Catalog: STAT
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 507.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 132-135ºC
  • Flash Point: 175.6±23.6 °C

Balsalazide-d4

Balsalazide-d4 is deuterium labeled Balsalazide. Balsalazide could suppress colitis-associated carcinogenesis through modulation of IL-6/STAT3 pathway.

  • CAS Number: 2714315-25-8
  • MF: C17H11D4N3O6
  • MW: 361.34
  • Catalog: Interleukin Related
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Netarsudil mesylate

Netarsudil mesylate is a small-molecule inhibitor of Rho kinase and a norepinephrine transporter; reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive monkey eyes.

  • CAS Number: 1422144-42-0
  • MF: C30H35N3O9S2
  • MW: 645.744
  • Catalog: ROCK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4-1

Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4-1 is the deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

  • CAS Number: 2573035-17-1
  • MF: C26H41D4NO6S
  • MW: 503.73
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

FM-479

FM-479 is the negative control of FM-381 (HY-102046) and has no activity on JAK3 or other kinases[1]. FM-381 is a potent covalent reversible inhibitor of JAK3 targeting the unique Cys909. FM-381 has an IC50 of 127 pM for JAK3, with 410, 2700 and 3600-fold selectivity over JAK1, JAK2 and TYK2, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 2226521-64-6
  • MF: C25H26N6O2
  • MW: 442.51
  • Catalog: JAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BIX02188

BIX02188 is a potent MEK5-selective inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.3 nM. BIX02188 inhibits ERK5 catalytic activity, with an IC50 of 810 nM.

  • CAS Number: 334949-59-6
  • MF: C25H24N4O2
  • MW: 412.484
  • Catalog: ERK
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 615.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 326.2±31.5 °C

Upadacitinib

Upadacitinib (ABT-494) is a potent and selective Janus kinase (JAK) 1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 43 nM, being developed for the treatment of several autoimmune disorders.

  • CAS Number: 1310726-60-3
  • MF: C17H19F3N6O
  • MW: 380.368
  • Catalog: JAK
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

JAK3-IN-11

JAK3-IN-11 (Compound 12), a potent, noncytotoxic, irreversible, orally active JAK3 inhibitor with IC50 value of 1.7 nM, has excellent selectivity (>588-fold compared to other JAK isoforms), covalently bind to the ATP-binding pocket in JAK3. JAK3-IN-11 strongly inhibits JAK3-dependent signaling and T cell proliferation, is a promising tool for study autoimmune diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2412734-00-8
  • MF: C23H23N5O2
  • MW: 401.46
  • Catalog: JAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PfGSK3/PfPK6-IN-2

PfGSK3/PfPK6-IN-2 is a potent dual PfGSK3/PfPK6 (Plasmodium falciparum GSK3/PK6) inhibitor (IC50: 172 nM and 11 nM respectively). PfGSK3/PfPK6-IN-2 can be used in the research of Malaria[1].

  • CAS Number: 2797225-47-7
  • MF: C24H25Cl2N5OS
  • MW: 502.46
  • Catalog: GSK-3
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

JAK3i

JAK3i is a selective, covalent JAK3 kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.43 nM, shows high selectivity (>3,000-fold) against the closely related kinase domains in JAK1, JAK2, or TYK2, displays 1,300-fold, 600-fold, and 50-fold over EGFR, ITK, and BTK respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1918238-72-8
  • MF: C18H15FN4O3
  • MW: 354.34
  • Catalog: JAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SC-43

SC-43, a Sorafenib derivative, is a potent and orally active SHP-1 (PTPN6) agonist. SC-43 inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 and induces cell apoptosis. SC-43 has anti-fibrotic and anticancer effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1400989-25-4
  • MF: C21H13ClF3N3O2
  • MW: 431.80
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LEQ506

LEQ506 is a second-generation inhibitor of smoothened (Smo) with IC50s of 2 and 4 nM in human and mouse, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1204975-42-7
  • MF: C25H32N6O
  • MW: 432.56100
  • Catalog: Smo
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Wnt pathway activator 1

Wnt pathway activator 1 is a potent Wnt activator extracted from patent WO2012024404A1, compound 1, has an IC50s of 28-29 nM[1].

  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 500.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 223.1±30.2 °C

Angoline hydrochloride

Angoline hydrochloride is a potent and selective IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitor with an IC50 of 11.56 μM. Angoline hydrochloride inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and its target gene expression, and inhibits cancer cell proliferation[1].

  • CAS Number: 1071676-04-4
  • MF: C22H22ClNO5
  • MW: 415.87
  • Catalog: STAT
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Filgotinib maleate

Filgotinib (maleate) is a selective and orally active JAK1 inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM, 28 nM, 810 nM and 116 nM for JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2, respectively. Filgotinib (maleate) can be used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn's disease research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1802998-75-9
  • MF: C25H27N5O7S
  • MW: 541.58
  • Catalog: JAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DPP

DPP is a Platinum(IV) complex, bearing pterostilbene-derived axial ligand. DPP inhibit the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in breast cancer (BC) cells with antiproliferative activity, and activates caspase-3 and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase to induces apoptosis. DPP promotes the maturation and antigen presentation of dendritic cells, and exhibits in vivo safety[1].

  • CAS Number: 2668267-47-6
  • MF: C36H40Cl2N2O10Pt
  • MW: 926.70
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Oclacitinib

Oclacitinib is a novel JAK inhibitor. Oclacitinib is most potent at inhibiting JAK1 (IC50=10 nM).

  • CAS Number: 1208319-26-9
  • MF: C15H23N5O2S
  • MW: 337.440
  • Catalog: JAK
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RKI-1447

RKI-1447 is a potent small molecule inhibitor of ROCK1 and ROCK2 with IC50 values of 14.5 nM and 6.2 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1342278-01-6
  • MF: C16H14N4O2S
  • MW: 326.373
  • Catalog: ROCK
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cyclopamine

Cyclopamine is a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway antagonist with an IC50 of 46 nM in the Hh cell assay.

  • CAS Number: 4449-51-8
  • MF: C27H41NO2
  • MW: 411.620
  • Catalog: Hedgehog
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 550.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 236-238ºC
  • Flash Point: 286.9±30.1 °C

Sodium tauroursodeoxycholate

Tauroursodeoxycholate Sodium is an ambiphilic bile acid that helps with liver and gallbladder issues.

  • CAS Number: 35807-85-3
  • MF: C26H44NNaO6S
  • MW: 521.685
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Quinalizarin

Quinalizarin is a potent, selective and cell-permeable protein kinase CK2 inhibitor with an Ki of ~50 nM and an IC50 of 110 nM. Quinalizarin can induce apoptosis of certain cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 81-61-8
  • MF: C14H8O6
  • MW: 272.210
  • Catalog: Casein Kinase
  • Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 517.1±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 99 °C
  • Flash Point: 280.6±25.2 °C

Akt1&PKA-IN-1

Akt1&PKA-IN-1 is a potent dual Akt/PKA inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.03 , 0.11 μM, and 9.8 μM for PKAa, Akt, and CDK2, respectively. Akt1&PKA-IN-1 is selective for cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1334107-58-2
  • MF: C20H17Cl2N3O
  • MW: 386.27
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ulixertinib hydrochloride

Ulixertinib hydrochloride is a potent, orally active, highly selective, ATP-competitive and reversible covalent inhibitor of ERK1/2 kinases, with an IC50 of <0.3 nM against ERK2. Ulixertinib hydrochloride inhibits the phosphorylated ERK2 (pERK) and downstream kinase RSK (pRSK) in an A375 melanoma cell line[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1956366-10-1
  • MF: C21H23Cl3N4O2
  • MW: 469.79
  • Catalog: ERK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LY2090314

LY2090314 is a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with IC50 values of 1.5 nM and 0.9 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 603288-22-8
  • MF: C28H25FN6O3
  • MW: 512.535
  • Catalog: GSK-3
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Coronaridine

Coronaridine, an iboga type alkaloid, inhibits the wnt signaling pathway by decreasing β-catenin expression[1].

  • CAS Number: 467-77-6
  • MF: C21H26N2O2
  • MW: 338.44300
  • Catalog: Wnt
  • Density: 1.24g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 488.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 92-93 ºC
  • Flash Point: 249ºC