Leumorphin, human is a potent kappa opioid receptor (κ opioid receptor) agonist. Leumorphin, human inhibits the contraction of the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation of the guinea pig ileum[1].
Jatrorrhizine hydroxide is an alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis with neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities[1]. Jatrorrhizine hydroxide is a potent and orally active inhibitor of AChE (IC50=872 nM) over >115-fold selectivity for BuChE[2]. Jatrorrhizine hydroxide reduces uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) via inhibition of uptake-2 transporters[3].
R121919 is a potent small-molecule CRF1 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 2 to 5 nM for the CRF1 receptor and over 1000-fold weaker activity at the CRF2 receptor, CRF-binding protein, or 70 other receptor types.
KRAS G12C inhibitor 42 is a potent inhibitor of KRAS G12C. The Ras family of proteins is an important intracellular signaling molecule that plays an important role in growth and development. KRAS G12C inhibitor 42 has the potential for the research of KRAS G12C-mediated cancer (extracted from patent WO2020146613A1, compound 10)[1].
Emraclidine is a muscarinic M4 receptor positive allosteric modulator (WO2018002760, compound 11). Emraclidine can be used for the research of neurological diseases[1].
Diphenylpyraline is a potent histamine H1 receptor antagonist. Diphenylpyraline acts as an orally active antihistamine agent with antimuscarinic and antiallergic effects. Diphenylpyraline can be used for the research of allergic diseases, including rhinitis and hay fever, and pruritic skin disorders et.al[1].
TCS-OX2-29 is a potent and selective OX2 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 40 nM. Displays >250-fold selectivity for OX2 over OX1.target: OX2 IC 50: 40 nMIn vitro:TCS-OX2-29 shows selectivity for ion channels, and transporters (<30% inhibition at 10 μM), which includes G-protein coupled receptors associated with food intake including galanin and neuripeptide Y. [1]TCS-OX2-29 Inhibits orexin A induced IP3 accumulation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in CHO cells transfected with the OX2 receptor. [2]
VU0467154 is a positive allosteric modulator of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), potentiating the response to ACh with pEC50s of 7.75, 6.2 and 6 for rat, human and cynomolgus monkey M4 receptor, respectively.
Triprolidine is an oral active, first-generation histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Triprolidine can be used for the research of allergic rhinitis. triprolidine exhibits spinal motor and sensory block in rats[1][2][3].
Cyclopentolate (DL-Cyclopentolate) hydrochloride is an anti-muscarinic agent commonly used in the ophthalmologic practice. Cyclopentolate hydrochloride is an Atropine-like muscarinic receptors antagonist with a pKB value of 7.8 (on the circular ciliary muscle)[1][2].
GSK3004774 is a potent, nonabsorbable agonist of CaSR, with an pEC50 of 7.3, 6.6 and 6.5 for human, mouse and rat CaSR, respectively. GSK3004774 shows an EC50 of 50 nM for human CaSR[1].
Aligeron is a non-selective prostaglandin (PG) antagonist, and has vasodilatory properties.
Imnopitant is a NK1 receptor antagonist (WO2020132716, compound 1) [1].
Fenoldopam(SKF 82526) mesylate is a drug and synthetic benzazepine derivative which acts as a selective D1 receptor partial agonist.Target: D1 ReceptorFenoldopam is a selective dopamine-1 (DA1) agonist with natriuretic/diuretic properties. Fenoldopam stimulated cAMP accumulation in LLC-PK1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, an effect which could be blocked by the DA1-selective antagonist Sch 23390. Although fenoldopam was more potent than DA (EC50 55.5 +/- 7.75 nM vs. 1.65 +/- 0.64 microM) in stimulating cAMP accumulation in LLC-PK1 cells, the maximum stimulation obtained by fenoldopam was only 37% of the maximum stimulation obtained by DA(Emax 13.0 +/- 2.95 pmol/mg of protein vs. 35.6 +/- 10.19 pmol/mg of protein) [1]. Fenoldopam is a selective dopamine1 (DA1) receptor agonist. Most of the DA1 receptor agonist activity of fenoldopam resides in the R-enantiomer, which also shows weaker alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity Fenoldopam produces vasodilation in vascular beds that are rich in vascular DA1 receptors [2].
trans-Isoferulic acid (trans-3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid isolated from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena. trans-Isoferulic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity[1].trans-isoferulic acid suppresses NO and PGE2 production through the induction of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)[2].
Befiradol (F13640) is a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist.
Grifolic acid is a phenolic compound that is first extracted from the mushroom Albatrellus confluens. Grifolic acid acts as an agonist of the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR4/GPR120)[1].
Naronapride (ATI-7505) is a potent prokinetic 5-HT4 receptor agonist. Naronapride can be used for gastrointestinal diseases research[1].
Terbogrel is an orally available thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist and a thromboxane A2 synthase inhibitor, with both IC50s of about 10 nM.
Carebastine is the active metabolite of Ebastine. Carebastine is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist. Carebastine inhibits VEGF-induced HUVEC and HPAEC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner[1]. Carebastine suppresses the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor[2].
Palosuran (ACT-058362) is a new potent and specific antagonist of the human UT receptor with an IC50 of 3.6±0.2 nM. IC50 Value: 3.6±0.2 nM [1]Target: Urotensin Receptor (GPR14)in vitro: Palosuran inhibited 125I-U-II binding to human UT receptors in membrane preparations from CHO cells carrying the human UT receptors almost as potently as cold U-II, with an IC50 of 3.6 ± 0.2 nM. On cells, the inhibitory binding potency of palosuran against human UT receptor was lower than on membranes (IC50 = 46.2 ± 13 nM on TE 671 cells and 86 ± 30 nM on recombinant CHO cells). Compared with the human UT receptor, the binding inhibitory potency of palosuran against the rat UT receptor was lower in membrane preparation (400-fold), as well as in cells (>120-fold) [1].in vivo: Long-term treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with palosuran improved survival, increased insulin, and slowed the increase in glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin, and serum lipids. Furthermore, palosuran increased renal blood flow and delayed the development of proteinuria and renal damage [2]. Palosuran was rapidly absorbed with maximum plasma concentrations at 1 hour after drug administration. The accumulation factor was 1.7 (geometric mean) (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.1).Palosuran was well tolerated [3]. In mesenteric vessels, palosuran treatment up-regulated expression of RhoA and Rho-kinase, increased Rho-kinase-activity, and diminished nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling. Moreover, palosuran increased renal blood flow, sodium, and water excretion in BDL rats [4].Toxicity: Palosuran was well tolerated. No serious adverse events or dose-related adverse events were reported. No treatment-related pattern was detected for vital signs, clinical laboratory parameters, or electrocardiography parameters [5].
Alamandine, a member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a vasoactive peptide, is an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor MrgD. Alamandine targets to protect the kidney and heart through anti-hypertensive actions[1][2].
KRAS G12C inhibitor 56 (compound IC-6) is a potent SOS1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.6 nM. KRAS G12C inhibitor 56 can be used in cancer research[1].
Istradefylline-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Istradefylline is a very potent, selective and orally active adenosine A2A receptor antagonist with Ki of 2.2 nM in experimental models of Parkinson's disease.
PF-0463481, an oral CCR2/5 dual antagonist, with a favorable ocular safety profile versus intravitreal therapies[1]. PF-0463481 is safe and well-tolerated and being developed for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy[2].
MM 419447, a linaclotide metabolite, is a guanylate cyclase-C agonist. MM 419447 has the potential for the research of the irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C)[1].
GR203040 is an orally active NK1 receptor antagonist with a pKi of 10.3. GR203040 shows potent antiemetic activity[1].
Emedastine is an orally active, selective and high affinity histamine H1 receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 1.3 nM. Emedastine is a benzimidazole derivative with potent antiallergic properties and used for allergic rhinitis, allergic skin diseases and allergic conjunctivitis[1][2][3].
GLP-1R modulator L7-028 is an allosteric modulator enhancing GLP-1 binding to GLP-1R via a transmembrane site (EC50 11.01 ± 2.73 μM).
Agomelatine is a competitive antagonist of human and porcine serotonin (5-HT2C) receptors (pKi = 6.2 and 6.4, respectively) as well as human 5-HT2B receptors (pKi = 6.6). IC50 value: 6.2 (pKi, 5-HT2c); 6.6 (pKi, 5-HT2b)Target: 5-HT2C Receptor; 5-HT2B receptorIt is classified as a norepinephrine-dopamine disinhibitor (NDDI) due to its antagonism of the 5-HT2C receptor. Activation of 5-HT2C receptors by serotonin inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine release. Antagonism of 5-HT2C results in an enhancement of DA and NE release and activity of frontocortical dopaminergic and adrenergic pathways. Agomelatine is also a potent agonist at melatonin receptors which makes it the first melatonergic antidepressant. Agomelatine is an antidepressant drug.