Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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BAY 1892005

BAY 1892005 is a regulator of p53 protein and acts on p53 condensates without causing mutant p53 reactivation[1].

  • CAS Number: 2036352-13-1
  • MF: C11H8ClFN2OS
  • MW: 270.71
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HBX 41108

HBX 41108 is an uncompetitive inhibitor of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) with an IC50 of 424 nM. HBX 41108 inhibits USP7-mediated p53 deubiquitination to stabilize p53 and inhibits cancer cell growth. HBX 41108 induces p53-dependent apoptosis in p53 wild type and null isogenic cancer cell lines[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 924296-39-9
  • MF: C13H3ClN4O
  • MW: 266.64200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.66g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 604.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 319.6ºC

(Rac)-Hesperetin-13C,d3

(Rac)-Hesperetin-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. (Rac)-Hesperetin is the racemate of Hesperetin. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK activation.

  • CAS Number: 2750534-85-9
  • MF: C1513CH11D3O6
  • MW: 306.29
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GDP366

GDP366, a dual inhibitor of survivin and Op18, induces cell growth inhibition, cellular senescence and mitotic catastrophe in human cancer cells.

  • CAS Number: 501698-03-9
  • MF: C20H17N5OS
  • MW: 375.45
  • Catalog: Survivin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nemorosone

Nemorosone is the main component of the floral resin of Clusia rosea. Nemorosone has an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells. Nemorosone induces apoptosis in HT-29 and LoVo cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 351416-47-2
  • MF: C33H42O4
  • MW: 502.684
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 608.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 336.1±28.0 °C

4'-Bromo-resveratrol

4'-Bromo-resveratrol is a potent and dual inhibitor Sirtuin-1 and Sirtuin-3. 4'-Bromo-resveratrol inhibits melanoma cell growth through mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. 4'-Bromo-resveratrol imparts antiproliferative effects in melanoma cells through a metabolic reprogramming and affecting the cell cycle and apoptosis signaling[1].

  • CAS Number: 1224713-90-9
  • MF: C14H11BrO2
  • MW: 291.14000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Guggulsterone E&Z

Guggulsterone is a plant sterol derived from the gum resin of the tree Commiphora wightii. Guggulsterone inhibits the growth of a wide variety of tumor cells and induces apoptosis through down regulation of antiapoptotic gene products (IAP1, xIAP, Bfl-1/A1, Bcl-2, cFLIP and survivin), modulation of cell cycle proteins (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), activation of caspases and JNK, inhibition of Akt[1]. Guggulsterone, a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist, decreases CDCA-induced FXR activation with IC50s of 17 and 15 μM for Z- and E-Guggulsterone, respectively[2].

  • CAS Number: 95975-55-6
  • MF: C21H28O2
  • MW: 312.446
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 463.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 172.3±25.7 °C

Fexapotide

Fexapotide (NX-1207 free acid) induces apoptosis selectively, reducing prostate volume at a cellular level. Fexapotide can be used in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) research[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 492447-54-8
  • MF: C90H163N27O25S
  • MW: 2055.49
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

EP1013

EP1013 is a broad-spectrum caspase selective inhibitor, used in the research of type 1 diabetes.

  • CAS Number: 223568-55-6
  • MF: C18H23FN2O6
  • MW: 382.383
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 639.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 340.7±31.5 °C

RIPK1-IN-4

RIPK1-IN-4 (compound 8) is a potent and selective type II kinase inhibitor of receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) kinase and binds to a DLG-out inactive form of RIP1 with an IC50s of 16 nM and 10 nM for RIP1 and ADP-Glo kinase[1].

  • CAS Number: 1481641-08-0
  • MF: C23H23N5O2
  • MW: 401.46
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dehydroeburicoic acid

Dehydrotrametenolic acid is a sterol isolated from the sclerotium of Poria cocos. Dehydrotrametenolic acid induces apoptosis through caspase-3 pathway. Dehydrotrametenolic acid has anti-tumor activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic effects[1].

  • CAS Number: 6879-05-6
  • MF: C31H48O3
  • MW: 468.71100
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: 1.07±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Periplocin

Periplocin is a cardiotonic steroid isolated from Periploca forrestii. Periplocin promotes tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth. Periplocin has the potential to facilitate wound healing through the activation of Src/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways mediated by Na/K-ATPase[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 13137-64-9
  • MF: C36H56O13
  • MW: 682.795
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 877.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 205°C
  • Flash Point: 272.8±27.8 °C

CPT2

CPT2 (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2), an enzyme that participates in fatty acid oxidation, also is a colorectal cancer (CRC) prognostic biomarker. CPT2 overexpression can activate p-p53 to increase p53 expression, thereby inhibiting tumor proliferation and promoting apoptosis. CPT2 deficiency results in the most common inherited disorder of long-chain fatty acid oxidation affecting skeletal muscle. Downregulation of CPT2 is also highly correlated with the progression of various cancers and has potential for cancer research[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CTB

CTB (Cholera Toxin B subunit) is a potent p300 histone acetyltransferase activator[1]. CTB can effectively induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells[2].

  • CAS Number: 451491-47-7
  • MF: C16H13ClF3NO2
  • MW: 343.73
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Trametinib-13C,d3

Trametinib-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Trametinib (GSK1120212; JTP-74057) is an orally active MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 with IC50s of about 2 nM. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2712126-59-3
  • MF: C2513CH20D3FIN5O4
  • MW: 619.41
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lenalidomide (CC-5013)

Lenalidomide is a potent inhibitor of TNF-α used as a immunomodulatory drug. It has also been shown to have anti-angiogenic properties.

  • CAS Number: 191732-72-6
  • MF: C13H13N3O3
  • MW: 259.261
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 614.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 269-271°C
  • Flash Point: 325.1±31.5 °C

Alexidine dihydrochloride

Alexidine dihydrochloride is an anticancer agent that targets a mitochondrial tyrosine phosphatase, PTPMT1, in mammalian cells and causes mitochondrial apoptosis. Alexidine dihydrochloride has antifungal and antibiofilm activity against a diverse range of fungal pathogens[1].

  • CAS Number: 1715-30-6
  • MF: C26H58Cl2N10
  • MW: 581.712
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.1g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 658.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 220.6-223.4ºC
  • Flash Point: 351.8ºC

Raddeanin A

Raddeanin A is a natural triterpenoid saponin component of Anemone raddeana, with anti-cancer activities. Raddeanin A exerts anticancer effect on human osteosarcoma via the ROS/JNK and NF-κB signal pathway[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 89412-79-3
  • MF: C47H76O16
  • MW: 897.097
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 967.2±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 276.2±27.8 °C

2-Deoxy-D-glucose-13C-1

2-Deoxy-D-glucose-13C-1 is the 13C labeled 2-Deoxy-D-glucose. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a glucose analog that acts as a competitive inhibitor of glucose metabolism, inhibiting glycolysis via its actions on hexokinase[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 119897-50-6
  • MF: C6H12O5
  • MW: 165.14900
  • Catalog: HSV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pomalidomide

Pomalidomide is an anti-angiogenic agent and an immunomodulator. Pomalidomide inhibits TNF-α release in LPS stimulated human PBMC with an IC50 of 13 nM.

  • CAS Number: 19171-19-8
  • MF: C13H11N3O4
  • MW: 273.244
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 582.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 318.5 - 320.5°
  • Flash Point: 306.3±28.7 °C

Carubicin Hydrochloride

Carubicin hydrochloride is a microbially-derived compound. Carubicin hydrochloride is an effective inhibitor of VHL-defective (VHL−/−) CCRCC cell proliferation. Carubicin hydrochloride also induces apoptosis by a mechanism independent of p53 or hypoxia-inducible factor HIF2. Carubicin hydrochloride has the potential for the research of cancer diseases[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 52794-97-5
  • MF: C26H28ClNO10
  • MW: 549.954
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.63g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 750.6ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 407.7ºC

Anticancer agent 118

Anticancer agent 118, a N‑acylated ciprofloxacin derivative, has anti-bacterial and anticancer activities. Anticancer agent 118 shows high activity against Gram-positive strains and antiproliferative activities against prostate PC3 cells. Anticancer agent 118 can be used for antitumor research[1].

  • CAS Number: 864443-43-6
  • MF: C19H19ClFN3O4
  • MW: 407.82
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

alpha-Solanine

α-solanine, a bioactive component and one of the major steroidal glycoalkaloids in potatoes, has been observed to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 20562-02-1
  • MF: C45H73NO15
  • MW: 868.059
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 780.78°C (rough estimate)
  • Melting Point: 285℃ (dec.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Gossypol

Gossypol, a natural product isolated from cottonseeds and roots, binds to Bcl-xL protein and Bcl-2 protein with Kis of 0.5-0.6 μM and 0.2-0.3 mM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 303-45-7
  • MF: C30H30O8
  • MW: 518.554
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 707.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 181-183ºC
  • Flash Point: 395.9±28.0 °C

Eftozanermin alfa

Eftozanermin alfa (ABBV-621) is a second-generation tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R) agonist. Eftozanermin alfa induces apoptosis in tumor cells by activation of death receptors 4/5. Eftozanermin alfa can be used for the research of multiple solid and heme malignancies[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Adenosine-2′-13C

Adenosine-2′-13C is the 13C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiolo

  • CAS Number: 714950-52-4
  • MF: C10H13N5O4
  • MW: 268.23400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEHD-CHO

Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEHD-CHO is an inhibitor of caspases 4, 5 and 9. Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEHD-CHO shows protective effects upon Neocarzinostatin (HY-111183)-treated MCF-7 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 623948-42-5
  • MF: C97H162N22O25
  • MW: 2036.46
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ardisiacrispin B

Ardisiacrispin B displays cytotoxic effects in multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells via ferroptotic and apoptotic cell death[1].

  • CAS Number: 112766-96-8
  • MF: C53H86O22
  • MW: 1075.25
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.468g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Euphorbia factor L2

Euphorbia factor L2, a lathyrane diterpenoid isolated from caper euphorbia seed (the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L.), has been traditionally applied to treat cancer. Euphorbia factor L2 shows potent cytotoxicity and induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway[1].

  • CAS Number: 218916-51-9
  • MF: C38H42O9
  • MW: 642.735
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 697.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 284.6±31.5 °C

n-Butyl β-D-fructofuranoside

n-Butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside could be isolated from kangaisan. n-Butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. n-Butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 80971-60-4
  • MF: C10H20O6
  • MW: 236.26200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A