Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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Mcl-1-Puma inhibitor 8

Mcl1-IN-8 (Comp8) is a Mcl-1-PUMA interface inhibitor, with a Ki of 0.3 μM. Mcl1-IN-8 (Comp8) exhibits dual activity on reduce PUMA-dependent apoptosis while deactivating Mcl-1-mediated anti-apoptosis in cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 678158-55-9
  • MF: C22H23N3O2S
  • MW: 393.50
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sirt1/2-IN-3

Sirt1/2-IN-3 (compound PS9) is a dual inhibitor of SIRT1/2 with IC50s of 1.4 μM (SIRT1) and 2.0 μM (SIRT2), respsectivley. Sirt1/2-IN-3 completely blocks p53 deacetylation, and increase of p53 and α-tubulin acetylation. Sirt1/2-IN-3 induces apoptosis and shows anti-proliferation activity against human leukemia cell lines[1].

  • CAS Number: 301313-42-8
  • MF: C17H14ClNO4S
  • MW: 363.82
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SP 141

SP-141 is a specific inhibitor of MDM2. SP-141 promotes MDM2 auto-ubiquitination and degradation. SP-141 might be used for the research of pancreatic cancer and breast cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 1253491-42-7
  • MF: C22H16N2O
  • MW: 324.37500
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Azurin p28 peptide

Azurin p28 peptide is a tumor-penetrated antitumor peptide. Azurin p28 peptide redues proteasomal degradation of p53 through formation of a p28: p53 complex. Azurin p28 peptide induces apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. Azurin p28 peptide inhibits p53-positive tumor growths. Azurin p28 peptide shows antiangiogenic effect by inhibiting phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, FAK and Akt[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 897026-25-4
  • MF: C122H197N31O47S2
  • MW: 2914.18
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dutasteride-13C6

Dutasteride-13C6 is the 13C labeled Dutasteride[1]. Dutasteride (GG745) is a potent inhibitor of both 5α-reductase isozymes. Dutasteride may possess off-target effects on the androgen receptor (AR) due to its structural similarity to DHT[2].

  • CAS Number: 1217685-27-2
  • MF: C2113C6H30F6N2O2
  • MW: 534.49
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RUNX-IN-2

RUNX-IN-2 (Compound Conjugate 3) covalently binds to the RUNX-binding sequences, and inhibits the binding of RUNX proteins to their target sites. RUNX-IN-2 induces the p53-dependent apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell growth. RUNX-IN-2 inhibits tumor growth in PANC-1 xenograft mice. RUNX-IN-2 has high alkylation efficiency and specificity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2893777-88-1
  • MF: C71H88Cl2N24O11
  • MW: 1524.52
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ASTX660

ASTX660 is an orally bioavailable dual antagonist of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (cIAP) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP).

  • CAS Number: 1799328-86-1
  • MF: C30H42FN5O3
  • MW: 539.68
  • Catalog: IAP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Iberin

Iberin, a sulfoxide analogue of sulforaphane, is a naturally occurring member of isothiocyanate family. It inhibits cell survival with an IC50 of 2.3 μM in HL60 cell.

  • CAS Number: 505-44-2
  • MF: C5H9NOS2
  • MW: 163.261
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 362.4±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 173.0±23.2 °C

Oleracein E

(±)-Trolline ((±)-Oleracein E), an isoquinoline alkaloid, exhibits antibacterial activity against respiratory bacteria and antiviral activity against influenza virus A and B. (±)-Trolline significantly induces HSC apoptosis. (±)-Trolline can be used for the research of liver fibrosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 1021950-79-7
  • MF: C12H13NO3
  • MW: 219.24
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 486.2±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 245-247 °C
  • Flash Point: 247.9±28.7 °C

Sirt1/2-IN-2

Sirt1/2-IN-2 (compound hsa55) is a dual inhibitor of SIRT1/2 with IC50s of 1.8 μM (SIRT1) and 2.4 μM (SIRT2), respsectivley. Sirt1/2-IN-2 completely blocks p53 deacetylation, and increase of p53 and α-tubulin acetylation. Sirt1/2-IN-2 induces apoptosis and shows anti-proliferation activity against human leukemia cell lines[1].

  • CAS Number: 670267-73-9
  • MF: C18H14N4O3S2
  • MW: 398.46
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PROTAC RIPK degrader-6

PROTAC RIPK degrader-6 (example 1) is a PROTAC targeting RIP Kinase degradation wherein the RIP2 kinase inhibitor is linked via a linker to a cereblon binder[1].

  • CAS Number: 2089205-64-9
  • MF: C43H48N6O11S2
  • MW: 889.00
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SM-164

SM-164 is a cell-permeable Smac mimetic compound. SM-164 binds to XIAP protein containing both the BIR2 and BIR3 domains with an IC50 value of 1.39 nM and functions as an extremely potent antagonist of XIAP.

  • CAS Number: 957135-43-2
  • MF: C62H84N14O6
  • MW: 1121.42000
  • Catalog: IAP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Calcimycin

Calcimycin (A23187) is an antibiotic and a unique divalent cation ionophore (like calcium and magnesium). It induces Ca2+-dependent cell death by increasing intracellular calcium concentration. Calcimycin inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi. Calcimycin also inhibits the activity of ATPase and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation of mammalian cells. It induces apoptosis[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 52665-69-7
  • MF: C29H37N3O6
  • MW: 523.621
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 710.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 187-190 °C
  • Flash Point: 383.4±31.5 °C

Benzyl-amp

IST5-002, a potent Stat5a/b inhibitor, selectively inhibits transcriptional activity of Stat5a/b (IC50s: 1.5 μM for Stat5a, 3.5 μM for Stat5b). IST5-002 inducs cell apoptotic and death of prostate cancer cells and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. IST5-002 can be used in the research of prostate cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)[1].

  • CAS Number: 13484-66-7
  • MF: C17H20N5O7P
  • MW: 437.34400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.81g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 798.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 436.7ºC

Telekin

Telekin is an eucalyptus-type sesquiterpene lactone compound found in Carpesium divaricatum. Telekin can activate mitochondria-mediated cell apoptosis and has anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 6752-90-5
  • MF: C15H20O3
  • MW: 248.32
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ivachtin

Ivachtin (Caspase-3 Inhibitor VII; compound 7a) is a nonpeptide, noncompetitive and reversibl caspase-3 inhibitor with an IC50 of 23 nM. Ivachtin has modest selectivity for the remaining caspases[1].

  • CAS Number: 745046-84-8
  • MF: C20H21N3O7S
  • MW: 447.462
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 665.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 356.0±34.3 °C

AX-024 hydrochloride

AX-024 hydrochloride is an cytokine release inhibitor which can strongly inhibit the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-10 and IL-17A.

  • CAS Number: 1704801-24-0
  • MF: C21H23ClFNO2
  • MW: 375.86
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RIPK3-IN-2

RIPK3-IN-2 is a RIP3 inhibitor. RIPK3-IN-2 can be used in diseases caused by or associate with activated necrotic pathways research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2665669-32-7
  • MF: C21H16ClN3O2S2
  • MW: 441.95
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lexatumumab

Lexatumumab (HGS-ETR 2) is a human agonistic TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2, DR5, APO-2) IgG4κ type monoclonal antibody. Lexatumumab induces Apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma. Lexatumumab can be used for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) research[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(-)-Pinoresinol

(-)-Pinoresinol is a plant-derived tetrahydrofuran lignan that inhibits α-glucosidase and acts as a hypoglycemic agent. (-)-Pinoresinol has some anti-inflammatory effects and acts as a chemopreventive agent, inducing increased apoptosis and cell cycle G2/M arrest[1].

  • CAS Number: 81446-29-9
  • MF: C20H22O6
  • MW: 358.38500
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sunitinib malate

Sunitinib Malate (SU 11248 Malate) is a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ with IC50s of 80 nM and 2 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 341031-54-7
  • MF: C26H33FN4O7
  • MW: 532.561
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3600 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • Boiling Point: 156 °C(lit.)
  • Melting Point: 189-191°C
  • Flash Point: 163 °F

PTG-0861

PTG-0861 (JG-265) is a novel potent, selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 5.92 nM, >36-fold selectivity over other HDACs.PTG-0861 (JG-265) displays HDAC6 cellular target engagement with EC50 of 0.59 uM (ELISA), has in vitro and cellular selectivity superior to HDAC6-selective inhibitor citarinostat (ACY-241).PTG-0861 (JG-265) demonstrates potency against several blood cancer cell lines (e.g. MV4-11, MM1S), whilst showing limited cytotoxicity against non-malignant cells and CD-1 mice.PTG-0861 (JG-265) exihibits promising in vitro pharmacokinetics achieved with good safety profile in cells and in vivo.

  • CAS Number: 2494082-34-5
  • MF: C15H9F5N2O3
  • MW: 360.24
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fidaxomicin-D7

Fidaxomicin-D7 (OPT-80-D7) is the deuterium labeled Fidaxomicin. Fidaxomicin (OPT-80), a macrocyclic RNA polymerase inhibitor, has a narrow spectrum of activity. Fidaxomicin selectively eradicates pathogenic Clostridium difficile with minimal disruption to the multiple species of bacteria that make up the normal, healthy intestinal flora[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2143934-06-7
  • MF: C52H67D7Cl2O18
  • MW: 1065.08
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AN-9

Pivanex (AN-9), a derivative of Butyric acid, is an HDAC inhibitor with antimetastic and antiangiogenic properties. Pivanex down-regulates bcr-abl protein and enhances apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 122110-53-6
  • MF: C10H18O4
  • MW: 202.24800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.008g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 249.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 113ºC

4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4

4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4 is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide is the active metabolite form of the prodrug Cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide crosslinks DNA and induces T cell apoptosis independent of death receptor activation, but activates mitochondrial death pathways through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide has the potential for lymphomas and autoimmune disorders[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1246816-71-6
  • MF: C7H11D4Cl2N2O4P
  • MW: 297.11
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dimethyl malonate

Dimethyl malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Dimethyl malonate is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and hydrolyse to malonate. Dimethyl malonate reduces neuronal apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 108-59-8
  • MF: C5H8O4
  • MW: 132.115
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 177.1±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: −62 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 90.0±0.0 °C

stigmast-5-en-7-on-3§-ol

7-Ketositosterol is a phytosterol isolated from the fruits of the mulberry tree (Morus alba L.). 7-Ketositosterol can significantly inhibit Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK1 cells and has the potential to improve Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2034-74-4
  • MF: C29H48O2
  • MW: 428.690
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 536.1±29.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 226.1±16.9 °C

Medicarpin

Medicarpin is a flavonoid isolated from Medicago sativa. Medicarpin induces apoptosis and overcome multidrug resistance in leukemia P388 cells by modulating P-gp-mediated efflux of drugs[1].

  • CAS Number: 32383-76-9
  • MF: C16H14O4
  • MW: 270.280
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 418.8±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 127.5-128.5°
  • Flash Point: 207.1±28.7 °C

Gemcitabine Monophosphate Formate Salt

Gemcitabine monophosphate (Gemcitabine 5′-phosphate) is one of the active intermediates of Gemcitabine (HY-17026). Gemcitabine monophosphate shows synergistic anti-cancer effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 116371-67-6
  • MF: C9H12F2N3O7P
  • MW: 343.17800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 2.09
  • Boiling Point: 618.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 151-153 °C
  • Flash Point: 327.736ºC

WNY1613

WNY1613 is a potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitor with piperazinone-containing purine scaffold. WNY1613 induces cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits the phosphorylation of PI3K downstream components in NHL cell lines. WNY1613 exhibits anti-NHL activity in vitro and in vivo[1].

  • CAS Number: 2650546-39-5
  • MF: C29H35N9O3
  • MW: 557.65
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A