Lorediplon is a novel non-benzodiazepine, hypnotic drug acting as a GABAA receptor modulator, differentially active at the alpha1-subunit, associated with promoting sleep.Target: GABALorediplon is a drug for the treatment of insomnia, has been successfully completed with a best-in-class efficacy profile in terms of maintaining sleep and sleep quality, Lorediplon targets GABAA. [1] Lorediplon demonstrates a minimum of 10-fold and 6-fold increase in potency (respectively) in the spontaneous motor activation studies. At concentrations of 1.2mg/kg, Lorediplon demonstrates a 57%increased effect on Slow Wave Sleep (SWS), when compared with a placebo.[2]
Allopregnanolone is a progesterone metabolite. Allopregnanolone is an allosteric modulator of the GABA receptor.
Methionine-d3 is the deuterium labeled Methionine. Methionine (MRX-1024; D-Methionine) is an effective chemoprotective agent which can also inhibit the neuronal activity through GABAA receptor activation.
Isohyenanchin (Hydroxycoriatin) is an RDLac homo-oligomers antagonist. Isohyenanchin also is a weak antagonist of ionotropic GABA receptors[1].
Arecaidine hydrobromide, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine hydrobromide is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2].
Topiramate D12 (McN 4853 D12) is a deuterium labeled Topiramate. Topiramate is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic agent. Topiramate is a GluR5 receptor antagonist. Topiramate produces its antiepileptic effects through enhancement of GABAergic activity, inhibition of kainate/AMPA receptors, inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium and calcium channels, increases in potassium conductance, and inhibition of carbonic anhydrase[1][2][3].
Arbaclofen placarbil is a novel transported prodrug of the active R-isomer of baclofen. Baclofen is a racemic GABAB receptor agonist
Pipequaline hydrochloride (PK-8165 hydrochloride) is a partial benzodiazepine receptor agonist with anxiolytic activity[1][2].
TPMPA, a hybrid of isoguvacine and 3-APMPA, is the first selective antagonist for a GABAC receptor (KB = 2.1 μM), but not to interact with GABAA (KB = 320 μM) or GABAB receptors (EC50 = 500 μM). TPMPA has the potential for the research of suppressing orientation selectivity in ganglion cells[1][2][3].
AZD-6280 is a selective GABAA(α2/3) receptor modulator, used for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
CGP11952 is a triazolyl-Benzaphenon resembling the benzodiazepines in its pharmacological action. CGP11952 is an experimental benzodiazepine derivative.
Baclofen hydrochloride, a lipophilic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is an orally active, selective metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist. Baclofen hydrochloride mimics the action of GABA and produces slow presynaptic inhibition through the GABAB receptor. Baclofen hydrochloride has high blood brain barrier penetrance. Baclofen hydrochloride has the potential for muscle spasticity research[1][2][3].
Vigabatrin(γ-Vinyl-GABA; Sabril) is a structural analog of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that irreversibly inhibits the catabolism of GABA by GABA transaminase.IC50 value:Target: GABA transaminaseClinical studies have shown that vigabatrin is superior to placebo in decreasing the frequency of infantile spasms. In tuberous sclerosis, vigabatrin may be considered the first-line treatment for IS. The mode of action is increasing concentrations of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain.A significant increase in seizure threshold was observed following systemic (i.p.) administration of high (600 or 1200 mg/kg) doses of vigabatrin. Bilateral microinjection of vigabatrin (10 μg) into either the anterior or posterior SNr also increased seizure threshold, but less markedly than systemic treatment.
NEO 376 is a selective modulator of 5-HT1 receptor, GABA receptor and dopamine receptor, with anti-psychotic actively.
(E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) is a cinnamic acid substituted by multi-methoxy groups. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid is an orally active and potent GABAA/BZ receptor agonist. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic exhibits favourable binding affinity to 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptor, with IC50 values of 2.5 and 7.6 μM, respectively. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid shows anticonvulsant and sedative activity. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid can be used for the research of insomnia, headache and epilepsy[1][2][3].
17-PA is a selective antagonist of neurosteroid potentiation and direct gating of GABAA receptors[1].
CGP 64213 is a GABAb receptor agonist.
CGP 36742 is a selective GABAB receptor antagonist that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier after peripheral administration, with an IC50 of 32 μM. CGP 36742 is useful in treatment of depression[1].
Picrotoxinin, a potent convulsant, is a chloride channel blocker. Picrotoxinin is a noncompetitive GABAA receptor antagonist, which negatively modulates the action of GABA on GABAA receptors[1].
Chlormezanone resembles benzodiazepine. The action of Chlormezanone is similar to benzodiazepine-type agents. Chlormezanone is used as an anxiolytic and a muscle relaxant.
MIDD0301 is a potent, positive allosteric, α5β3γ2 selective, GABAA receptor (GABAAR) ligand with EC50 of 17 nM, shows no significant binding at the peripheral GABAAR at 10 uM; causes amplification of GABA induced current mediated by α1-3,5β3γ2 GABAARs in the presence of MIDD0301 in automated patch clamp test; relaxes airway smooth muscle at single micromolar concentrations as demonstrated with ex vivo guinea pig tracheal rings, also attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in an ovalbumin murine model of asthma by oral administration, with low brain distribution; reduces lung cytokine expression of IL-17A, IL-4, and TNF-α, as wells as the number of CD4+ T cells.
N-Arachidonoyl-GABA is one member of a new class of lipoamino acids related to anandamide identified in bovine brain. N-Arachidonoyl-GABA displays analgesic activity[1].
Ru-32514 is an agonist of benzodiazepine receptor.
Adipiplon (NG2-73) is a selective GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator. Adipiplon is particularly useful in the treatment of a variety of central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
Flufiprole is a nonsystemic phenylpyrazole insecticide targeting the GABA receptor used in the rice field. Flufiprole is excellent in controlling a wide range of pests[1].
SAGE-217 is a potent GABAA receptor agonist with EC50s of 296 and 163 nM for α1β2γ2 and α4β3δ GABAA receptors, respectively.
GABAA receptor agent 4 (compound 1e) is a potent γ-GABAAR antagonist with an Ki of 0.18 µM. GABAA receptor agent 4 efficiently rescues inhibition of T cell proliferation. GABAA receptor agent 4 has the immunomodulatory potential[1].
CGP 35348 is a selective, brain penetrant, centrally active GABAB receptor antagonist with an EC50 of 34 μM. CGP 35348 shows affinity for the GABAB receptor only[1]. CGP 35348 has a potential to improve neuromuscular coordination and spatial learning in albino mouse following neonatal brain damage[2].
Isoguvacine hydrochloride is a GABA receptor agonist.
Sarmazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist.