Aschantin, a bisepoxylignan, can be isolated from Magnolia biondii. Aschantin has antiplasmodial, Ca2+-antagonistic, platelet activating factor-antagonistic, and chemopreventive activities. Aschantin is a mTOR kinase inhibitor. Aschantin is also an inhibitor of Cytochrome P450 and UGT enzyme[1][2].
5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is one of the major components of Kaempferia parviflora, has anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic effects. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3As. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is also a potent Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) inhibitor[1][2].
Doxepin D3 Hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Doxepin Hydrochloride. Doxepin hydrochloride is an orally active tricyclic antidepressant used as a sedative. Doxepin hydrochloride is a potent and selective histamine receptor H1 antagonist. Doxepin hydrochloride is also a potent CYP450 inhibitor and significantly inhibits CYP450 2C19 and 1A2[1][2].
Mephenytoin, an anticonvulsant, is the CYP2C19 and CYP2B6 substrate[1].
Olivetol is a naturally phenol found in lichens and produced by certain insects, acting as a competitive inhibitor of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2[3]. Olivetol also inhibits CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 activity, with IC50s of 15.3 μM, 7.21 μM and Kis of 2.71 μM, 2.87 μM, respectively[1][2].
CYP1B1-IN-4 is a 2,4-diarylthiazole compound with selectively CYP1B1 inhibition (IC50=0.2 nM). CYP1B1-IN-4 has little cytotoxicity and high stability in both human and rat liver microsomes[1].
Isosilybin (Isosilybinin) is a flavonoid from milk thistle; inhibits CYP3A4 induction with an IC50 of 74 μM.
Nefazodone is an orally active phenylpiperazine antidepressant. Nefazodone can potently and selectively block postsynaptic 5-HT2A receptors, and moderately inhibit 5-HT and noradrenaline reuptake. Nefazodone can also relieve the adverse effects of stress on the the immune system of mice. Nefazodone has a high affinity for CYP3A4 isoenzyme, which indicates that it has certain risk of drug-drug interaction[1][2][3].
Veledimex is an oral activator ligand for a proprietary gene therapy promoter system, and a moderate inhibitor of and substrate for CYP3A4/5.
Troleandomycin (Triacetyloleandomycin), a macrolide acrolide antibiotic, is a selective CYP3A inhibitor. Troleandomycin is an oral corticosteroid for asthma study[1][2][3].
Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile is an orally active prototypical and effective rodent-PXR activator. Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile, a synthetic steroid, induces cytochrome P4503A expression. Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile exhibits increased resistance to subsequent stressful insults[1][2][3].
CYP3cide (PF-4981517) is a potent, selective and time-dependent inhibitor of cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4). The IC50 values for Midazolam 1’-hydroxylase activity are 0.03 μM, 17 μM, and 71 μM for CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7, respectively. CYP3cide can be used to distinguish the contributions of CYP3A4 versus CYP3A5 on drug metabolism[1].
(R)-6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin ((R)-6′,7′-DHB) is a competitive inhibitor of human and rat CYP1A1 activity with Kis of 55 μM and 1.72 μM, respectively. (R)-6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin has the potential for cancer research[1].
Roquefortine C, a fungal cyclopeptide isolated from Penicillium roquefortii, activates P-gp and also inhibits P450-3A and other haemoproteins. Roquefortine C has bacteriostatic activities against Gram-positive bacteria[1].
Antihistamine-1 is a H1-antihistamine (Ki=6.9 nM) with acceptable blood-brain barrier penetration and also an inhibitor of CYP2D6 and hERG channel with IC50s of 5.4 and 0.8 μM, respectively.
MCH-1 antagonist 1 is a potent melanin concentrating hormone (MCH-1) antagonist with a Ki of 2.6 nM. MCH-1 antagonist 1 also inhibits CYP3A4 with an IC50 of 10 μM.
7-Ethoxyresorufin-d5 is deuterium labeled 7-Ethoxyresorufin. 7-Ethoxyresorufin (Resorufin ethyl ether) is a fluorometric substrate and competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P450, especially CYP1A1. 7-Ethoxyresorufin also inhibits NO synthase[1][2].
Polygalaxanthone III is extracted from polygala tenuifolia wild, has inhibitory effect towards CYP450 enzyme. Polygalaxanthone III inhibits chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2E1 with an IC50 of 50.56 μM[1].
Carbosulfan inhibited relatively potently CYP3A4 and moderately CYP1A1/2 and CYP2C19 in pooled HLM (human livers). Carbosulfan activation is predominantly catalyzed in humans by CYP3A4.
Isavuconazole is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4 and a water-soluble triazole with broad-spectrum antifungal activity.
(-)-Cephaeline dihydrochloride is an enantiomer of Cephaeline dihydrochloride. Cephaeline dihydrochloride is a selective CYP2D6 inhibtor with IC50 of 121 μM.
Itraconazole-d5 (R51211-d5) is the deuterium labeled Itraconazole. Itraconazole (R51211) is a triazole antifungal agent and a potent and orally active Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway antagonist with an IC50 of ~800 nM. Itraconazole potently inhibits lanosterol 14α-demethylase (cytochrome P450 enzyme), thereby inhibits the oxidative conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. Itraconazole has anticancer and antiangiogenic effects[1][2][3].
Phortress free base (NSC 710305) is a P450 CYP1A1-activated antitumor prodrug with antitumor activity[1]. Phortress free base leads to DNA damage and cell cycle arrest[2].
Topiroxostat-d4 is deuterium labeled Topiroxostat. Topiroxostat (FYX-051) is a potent and orally active xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 5.3 nM and a Ki value of 5.7 nM. Topiroxostat exhibits weak CYP3A4-inhibitory activity (18.6%). Topiroxostat has the potential for hyperuricemia treatment[1][2].
ML252 is a selective inhibitor of potassium channel, targeting to KCNQ2 channel (Kv7.2) (IC50=69 nM). ML252 also inhibits Cytochrome P450 with IC50s of 6.1 nM (CYP1A2), 18.9 nM (CYP2C9), 3.9 nM (CYP3A4), 19.9 nM (CYP2D6), respectively[1][2].
Dihydrolanosterol-d7 is deuterium labeled Dihydrolanosterol. Dihydrolanosterol is a subtrate of CYP51 and a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor[1].
4,5-Dimethoxycanthin-6-one is a potent and uncompetitive inhibitor of CYP1A2-mediated phenacetin O-deethylation with an IC50 value of 1.7μM and a Ki value of 2.6 μM. 4,5-Dimethoxycanthin-6-one, as an alkaloid, is isolated from the wood of Picrasma quassioides BENNET (Simaroubaceae)[1][2].
Choline Fenofibrate (ABT-335) is the choline salt of fenofibric acid under clinical development as a combination therapy with rosuvastatin for the management of dyslipidemia. IC50 value:Target:Several clinical trials have been developed with Choline Fenofibrate on Reverse Cholesterol Transport, Macular Edema and Hypertriglyceridemia.
7-Ethoxyresorufin (Resorufin ethyl ether) is a fluorometric substrate for and competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P450, especially CYP1A1. 7-Ethoxyresorufin also inhibits NO synthase[1][2].
Bergapten-d3 is deuterium labeled Bergapten. Bergapten is a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent. Bergapten is inhibitory towards mouse and human CYP isoforms.