Ozagrel(OKY-046) is an antiplatelet agent working as a thromboxane A2 synthesis inhibitor.Target: Thromboxane A2 SynthaseOzagrel was selected as the best compound of highly selective inhibitors of TXA2 synthase. The inhibition of TXA2 synthase by ozagrel was more effective on human and rabbit enzymes than those of other species. Ozagrel increased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, one of stable metabolites of PGI2, in various isolated cells and tissues perhaps via accumulated PG endoperoxides resulted by the inhibition of TXA2 synthase [1]. Ozagrel was estimated to be a reversible mixed-type inhibitor of diphenolase activity with the constants (K (S1), K (S2), K (i1), and K (i2)) determined to be 2.21, 3.89, 0.454, and 0.799 mM, repectively [2]. Infusion of OKY-046 significantly inhibited pulmonary thromboxane B2 delivery, attenuated the early increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, and blocked the increase in systemic vascular resistance. In addition, OKY-046 blunted and delayed the decrease in cardiac output and maintained end-systolic pressure-diameter relation, +dp/dt, and lung lymph flow at baseline values [3].
(S)-(+)-Rolipram is a PDE4-inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory agent, less potent than its R enantiomer.Target: PDE4B; PDE4DRolipram, a selective inhibitor of the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE IV). Rolipram did not inhibit 5-lipoxygenase activity but did inhibit human monocyte production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4, IC50 3.5 microM). Rolipram inhibited arachidonic acid-induced inflammation in the mouse, while the low Km-cyclic-GMP PDE inhibitor. Rolipram had a modest effect on LTB4 production in the mouse, but markedly reduced LTB4-induced PMN infiltration [1]. In humans and animals rolipram produces thereby a variety of biological effects. These effects include attenuation of endogenous depression and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), both effects are of potential clinical relevance [2].
2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation[1]. 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats[2].
KZR-616 maleate, a first-in-class immunoproteasome inhibitor, selectively targets the LMP7 (IC50: 39/57 nM=hLMP7/mLMP7) and LMP2 (IC50: 131/179 nM=hLMP7/mLMP7) subunits of the immunoproteasome. KZR-616 maleate has the potential for the research of multiple autoimmune diseases[1][2].
MMP2-IN-2 (compound 42) is a potent and selective MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinases) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 4.2 μM. MMP2-IN-2 also shows inhibitory activity against MMP-13, MMP-9 and MMP-8, with IC50 values of 12, 23.3, and 25 μM, respectively[1].
Alogliptin benzoate(SYR 322) is a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4 with IC50 of <10 nM, exhibits greater than 10,000-fold selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9.IC50 value: <10 nMTarget: DPP4Alogliptin is an orally administered, anti-diabetic drug in the DPP-4 inhibitor class. A randomized clinical trial reporting in 2011 aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus placebo and voglibose among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients in Japan. The main outcome indicated that alogliptin was statistically superior to both comparitors. A randomized clinical trial reporting in 2012 aimed to demonstrate that alogliptin was "non-inferior" to a "very low fat/calorie traditional Japanese diet" among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients in Japan. The outcome indicated that both the drug and dietary treatments comparably impacted indicators of the diabetic condition, such as HbA1c levels and glycemic efficacy. The drug treatment had its impact without changing body mass index (BMI), but the dietary treatment was accompanied by a significant reduction in the BMI…
SHP394 is an orally efficacious protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 23 nM[1].
MMP-2/MMP-9-IN-1 is a highly selective, orally active and potent type IV collagenase (MMP-9 and MMP-2) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.24 and 0.31 μM for MMP-9 and MMP-2, respectively. MMP-2/MMP-9-IN-1 is orally active in animal models of tumor growth and metastasis. MMP-2/MMP-9-IN-1 can be used for the research of cancer[1].
Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-chloromethylketone is an irreversible human neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitor for use in the study of chronic inflammatory airway diseases[1].
Calpain Inhibitor-1 (compound 36) is a potent and selective cysteine protease calpain 1 (Cal1) inhibitor (IC50=100 nM; Ki=2.89 μM)[1].
Acetyl-binankadsurin A (compound 5) is a lignan isolated from Kadsura longipedunculata. Acetyl-binankadsurin A has low inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease, with IC50 >100 μg/mL[1].
PDE5-IN-5 (Compound 11) is a potent, selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.0 nM[1].
BMS-538203 is a highly efficient HIV integrase inhibitor and antiviral agent.IC50 value:Target: HIV integraseIn the current study we demonstrate a hit-to-clinical candidate pathway that resulted in 50- and 2000-fold improvements in enzyme-inhibition and antiviral activity without an increase in molecular weight or change in molecular topology. The original hit , 1 (mw = 268) was optimized in a stepwise manner. Potential covalent protein-binding moieties were removed by reducing the number of the ketone groups. High enzyme inhibition activity was achieved by optimizing the aryl-portion of the molecule. Protein binding was reduced by replacing the standard amide by the corresponding methyl-hydroxamide. This eventually led to the discovery of BMS-538203 compound 2 (mw = 269) a highly efficient inhibitor and antiviral agent.
Prinomastat hydrochloride (AG3340 hydrochloride) is a broad spectrum, potent, orally active metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor with IC50s of 79, 6.3 and 5.0 nM for MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9, respectively. Prinomastat hydrochloride inhibits MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9 with Kis of 0.05 nM, 0.3 nM and 0.26 nM, respectively. Prinomastat hydrochloride can cross blood-brain barrier. Antitumor avtivity[1][2][3][4].
Atazanavir sulfate is a sulfate salt form of atazanavir that is an highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitor.Target: HIV-1 protease inhibitorAtazanavir sulfate is a sulfate salt form of atazanavir that is an highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitor. It has a pharmacokinetic profile that supports once-daily dosing and has demonstrated a unique resistance profile and superior virologic potency compared with other antiretrovirals in vitro. In subjects with HIV, atazanavir (400 mg once daily) produced rapid and sustained improvements in viral load and CD4 counts in both antiretroviral-naive as well as previously treated patients when used in combination with dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) treatment [1].After intravenous (iv), oral (po) and intraportal (ip) administration of ATV at a dosage of 7 mg/kg, AUCs in HL rats were 12.41, 5.24 and 8.89 microg/mLh, respectively, and were significantly higher than those in control rats (4.09, 1.70 and 3.38 microg/mLh). Despite the decrease of distribution volume (Vd(ss)), the terminal half-life (t(1/2)) in HL tended to be shorter than in control, and hepatic distribution of ATV in HL rats was 4.8-fold increases. These results suggested that the uptake of ATV into liver might counteract the decrease of Vd(ss). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in bioavailability, and the lymphatic transport to AUC showed no statistical change. In conclusion, although the protein binding rate and AUC were significantly increased, the pharmacokinetics of ATV might be tolerated in HL [2].Clinical indications: HIV-1 infection Toxicity: torsades de pointes
Bexarotene D4 is a deuterium labeled Bexarotene (LGD1069). Bexarotene (LGD1069) is a selective retinoid X receptors (RXR) agonist for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma[1][2][3][4][5].
Temocapril-d5 is the deuterium labeled Temocapril. Temocapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Temocapril hydrochloride can be used for the research of hypertension, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, insulin resistance, and renal diseases[1][2].
GSK2973980A is a potent and selective Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 nM.
Porphyra 334 is an antioxidative and anti-photoaging agent. Porphyra 334 suppresses ROS production and the expression of MMPs following UVA irradiation[1][2].
ARP-100 is a potent and selective matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 inhibitor (IC50=12 nM). ARP-100 interacts with S1＇ pocket of MMP-2 and shows anti-invasive properties in an in vitro model of invasion on matrigel. ARP-100 shows the less inhibitory activity towards MMP-1 (>50 μM), MMP-3 (4.5 μM), MMP-7 (>50 μM), and MMP-9 (0.2 μM)[1][2].
Fatostatin hydrobromide (125B11 hydrobromide), a specific inhibitor of SREBP activation, impairs the activation of SREBP-1 and SREBP-2. Fatostatin hydrobromide binds to SCAP (SREBP cleavage-activating protein), and inhibits the ER-Golgi translocation of SREBPs. Fatostatin hydrobromide decreases the transcription of lipogenic genes in cells. Fatostatin hydrobromide possesses antitumor properties, and lowers hyperglycemia in ob/ob mice[1][2].
PPACK II is an irreversible and specific glandular and plasma kallikreins inhibitor[1].
5,8,11-Eicosatriynoic acid (ETI) is a lipoxygenase inhibitor that blocks LTC4 biosynthesis in mast cell tumor cells[1].
PDE5-IN-42 (Compound 42) is a potent and orally active PDE5 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.04 nM. PDE5-IN-42 maintains selectivity over PDE6 and PDE11[1].
Recaticimab (SHR-1209) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits PCSK9. Receticimab mediates the degradation of PCSK9 by binding to PCSK9, increasing the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on the surface of hepatocytes, reducing the level of LDL in plasma, and achieving the goal of lowering blood lipids. Recaticimab has potential application in hypercholesterolemia[1][2].
Mutant IDH1 inhibitor is a potent mutant IDH1 R132H inhibitor with IC50 of < 72 nM.
Methoxycarbonyl-D-Nle-Gly-Arg-pNA is a synthetic trypsin that can serve as a substrate for coagulation factors IXa (FIXa) and Xa (FXa)[1][2][3].
Dnp-PYAYWMR is a peptide substrate that selectively targets MMP3. Dnp-PYAYWMR is cleaved by MMP3 to produce Dnp-PYA (nonfluorescent) and YWMR (fluorophore detectable at 360 nm). After incubation of MMP3 with Dnp-PYAYWMR for 2 h, MMP3 fluorescence intensity was measured. Ex/Em=328/350 nm[1].
Tanimilast (CHF-6001) is a novel highly potent and selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor(IC50=0.026 ± 0.006 nM) with robust anti-inflammatory activity and suitable for topical pulmonary administration.Tanimilast is used for the research of obstructive lung diseases[1].
Novel highly potent, selective, and irreversible GSTP1 inhibitor