DI-591 (DI591) is a potent, selective, cell-permeable inhibitor of the DCN1-UBC12 interaction with Ki of 10-12 nM for human DCN1 and DCN2; displays no affinity against DCN3/4/5 (Ki>10 uM); selectively inhibits neddylation of cullin 3 but has no or minimal effect on neddylation of other cullin family members; accumulates NRF2 protein and its transcriptional activation in cells.
FXa-IN-1 is a FXa inhibitor (IC50: 3 nM, Ki: 0.7 nM) with respectable oral bioavailability and half-life in vivo. FXa-IN-1 can be used for thromboembolic disorders[1].
Nicotelline (Nicotellin) is a nicotine-related alkaloid, as well as a weak inhibitor of human cDNA-expressed cytochrome P-450 2A6 (CYP2A6). CYP2A6 mediates coumarin 7-hydroxylation, while Nicotelline fails to exhibit inhibition at 300 μM. Nicotelline can be used as a tracer and biomarker of particulate matter (PM) derived from tobacco smoke[1][2].
H-Pro-Phe-OH is a dipeptide containing proline and phenylalanine, which can serve as a substrate for prolinase. H-Pro-Phe-OH can also be used for polypeptide synthesis, where phenylalanine is an aromatic amino acid that can inhibit the activity of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, HY-P2983)[1][2].
Isomalt (Palatinitol), a well-tolerated, non-toxic polyol and a protein-stabilizing excipient, stabilizes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) moderately during freeze-drying, and performs better during storage. Isomalt is traditionally used as a sweetening agent in the food industry and as a tabletting excipient for pharmaceutical purposes[1].
TAS4464 (hydrochloride) is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE), with an IC50 of 0.955 nM[1].
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase-IN-1 is a potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor with an IC50 value of ＜5 nM. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase-IN-1 has antibacterial activity[1].
Furafylline is a potent and selective inhibitor of human cytochrome P450IA2 with an IC50 of 0.07 μM.
FXIa-IN-7 is a selective and orally bioavailable factor XIa inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.4 nM.
YZ129 is an inhibitor of the HSP90-calcineurin-NFAT pathway against glioblastoma, directly binding to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with an IC50 of 820 nM on NFAT nuclear translocation. YZ129-induced GBM cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase promotes apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration[1].
Wedelolactone, a natural product from Ecliptae herba, suppresses LPS-induced caspase-11 expression by directly inhibiting the IKK Complex[1]. Wedelolactone inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) (IC50~2.5 μM) activity by an oxygen radical scavenging mechanism. Wedelolactone induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of PKCε without inhibiting Akt[2]. Anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities[3].
cis-Mulberroside A (Mulberroside D) is the cis-isomer of Mulberroside A. Mulberroside A is one of the main bioactive constituent in mulberry (Morus alba L.)[1]. Mulberroside A decreases the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and inhibits the activation of NALP3, caspase-1, and NF-κB and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38, exhibiting anti-inflammatory antiapoptotic effects[2]. Mulberroside A shows inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 of 53.6 μM[3].
Glucosamine-2-13C hydrochloride is the 13C labeled Glucosamine hydrochloride. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as
Vesnarinone is a quinolinone derivative, and its pharmacodynamic effects include inhibition of phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) activity, increases in calcium flux and decreases in potassium flux.IC50 value: 1.1 μM (for HERG current)Target: PDE3in vitro: HERG current is inhibited by Vesnarinone with an IC50 of 1.1 μM, whereas KvLQT1/minK current is not significantly depressed by Vesnarinone even at 30 μM. The IC50 value for Vesnarinone inhibition of HERG channels is 1 μM. The IC50 for Vesnarinone inhibition of PDE is reported to be 300 μM. [1] Vesnarinone is a novel cytokine inhibitor, for the treatment of lung fibrosis using a murine model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Vesnarinone inhibits BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, at least in part, by the inhibition of acute lung injuries in the early phase. [2] Vesnarinone is a new and novel inotropic drug that has unique and complex mechanisms of action. Vesnarinone inhibits phosphodiesterase, thereby leading to increased intracellular calcium, and also affects numerous myocardial ion channels, resulting in the prolongation of the opening time of sodium channels and the decrease in the delayed outward and inward rectifying potassium current. Vesnarinone has also demonstrated significant effects on cytokine production, which may account for some of its observed clinical benefits.[3] Vesnarinone plays an important role in the regulation of cytokines and suggest that the reduction of cytokine release may contribute to the beneficial effects of the drug in the treatment of heart failure. Vesnarinone inhibits the production of TFN-a and IFN-y by LPS stimulated whole blood from patients with heart failure and from healthy volunteers. [4]in vivo: Vesnarinone reduces the circulating levels of TNF-α. Cumulative evidence showed that a variety of cytokine are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. [2]
Ac-ANW-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for immunoproteasome. Ac-ANW-AMC can be used to measure β5i activity (Ex=345 nm, Em=445 nm)[1][2].
Cerivastatin is a synthetic lipid-lowering agent and a highly potent, well-tolerated and orally active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, with a Ki of 1.3 nM/L. Cerivastatin reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Cerivastatin also inhibits proliferation and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells, mainly by RhoA inhibition, and has anti-cancer effect[1][2][3].
MK-0941 is a potent, orally active and allosteric glucokinase activator, with EC50s of 240 and 65 nM for recombinant human glucokinase in the presence of 2.5 and 10 mM glucose, respectively. MK-0941 has potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes[1].
Benzylacetone is an aromatic compound from agarwood[1]. Benzylacetone exhibits potent and reversible antityrosinase (mushroom) activity， with IC50s of 2.8 mM and 0.6 mM for monophenolase and diphenolase, respectively[2]. Benzylacetone has appetite-enhancing and locomotor-reducing effects[3].
Ac-WLA-AMC is a specific 20S constitutive proteasome β5 fluorogenic substrate[1].
AMP-PCP disodium is an ATP analogue and can bind to Hsp90 N-terminal domain with a Kd value of 3.8 μM. AMP-PCP disodium binding favors the formation of the active homodimer of Hsp90[1].
PF-06424439 methanesulfonate is an oral, potent and selective imidazopyridine diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14 nM[1]. PF-06424439 methanesulfonate is slowly reversible, time-dependent inhibitor, which inhibits DGAT2 in a noncompetitive mode with respect to the acyl-CoA substrate[2].
(±)-ML 209 (compound 4n), a diphenylpropanamide, is a retinoic acid-related orphan receptor RORγ antagonist with an IC50 of 1.1 μM. (±)-ML 209 inhibits RORγt transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 300 nM in HEK293t cells. (±)-ML 209 inhibits the transcriptional activity of RORγt, but not RORα in cells. (±)-ML 209 selectively inhibits murine Th17 cell differentiation without affecting the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into other lineages, including Th1 and regulatory T cells[1].
L-Adenosine is a metabolically stable enantiomeric analog and also is a potential probe. L-Adenosine has weakly inhibitory adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity with an Ki value of 385 μM. L-Adenosine can be used for the research of adenosine uptake and accumulation[1].
Amifostine trihydrate (WR2721 trihydrate) is a broad-spectrum cytoprotective agent and a radioprotector. Amifostine trihydrate selectively protects normal tissues from damage caused by radiation and chemotherapy. Amifostine trihydrate is potent hypoxia-inducible factor-α1 (HIF-α1) and p53 inducer. Amifostine trihydrate protects cells from damage by scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals. Amifostine trihydrate reduces renal toxicity and has antiangiogenic action[1][2][3][4].
KG-548 is an ARNT/TACC3 disruptor and a HIF-1α inhibitor. KG-548 directly interferes with ARNT/TACC3 complex formation by competing with TACC3 for binding to the ARNT PAS-B domain. ARNT is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, also known as HIF-β[1][2].
Nitecapone (OR-462) is an orally active and short-acting catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor with gastroprotective and antioxidant properties. Nitecapone (OR-462) scavenges reactive oxygen and nitric radicals and prevents lipid peroxidation[1][2][3].
Doxofylline-d4 is the deuterium labeled Doxofylline. Doxofylline is an antagonist of adenosine A1 receptor which also inhibits phosphodiesterase IV[1][2].
Simeprevir (TMC435; TMC435350) sodium is an oral, potent and highly specific hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor with a Ki of 0.36 nM. Simeprevir sodium inhibits HCV replication with an EC50 of 7.8 nM. Simeprevir sodium also potently suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication and synergizes with Remdesivir. Simeprevir sodium inhibits the main protease (Mpro) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2, and also modulates host immune responses[1][4].
MSDC-0602, a PPARγ-sparing thiazolidinedione (TZD), interacts with the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) and inhibits its activity and are effective for treatment of type 2 diabetes with reducing risk of PPARγ-mediated side effects[1][2].
ZK824859 is an oral available and selective urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitor with IC50s of 79 nM, 1580 nM and 1330 nM for human uPA, tPA, and plasmin, respectively[1].