4-Methylhistamine (hydrochloride) is a potent, high affinity H4 receptor agonist Ki of 7 nM. 4-Methylhistamine (hydrochloride) displays more than 100-fold selectivity over other human histamine receptor subtypes[1].
Zaltidine(CP-57361) is a H2-receptor antagonist, which has the antisecretory action.IC50 Value: Target: H2 receptorin vitro:in vivo: In eight healthy male volunteers single oral doses of 5 mg, 25 mg and 100 mg produced dose-related inhibition of basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid output (M.A.O.) with an estimated ID50 of 40 mg for the latter. In eight subjects with duodenal ulceration single 100 mg and 200 mg doses produced 85% and 97% inhibition of M.A.O. at peak (3 h post-dose) and 20% and 23% inhibition at 24 h, respectively; inhibition of basal acid output was 97% at 3 h and 50% at 24 h with both doses [1]. One hundred and thirty-five patients were randomly allocated to 4 weeks' treatment with either 150 mg zaltidine once daily or placebo. Fifty-nine were treated for a full 4 weeks with zaltidine before the trial was stopped. Healing rates after 4 weeks of zaltidine and placebo were 86% and 19%, respectively (p less than 0.001) [2].
ST-1006 is a potent histamine H4 receptor agonist with a pKi value of 7.94. ST-1006 has anti-inflammatory effect[1][2].
Ranitidine bismuth citrate is an orally active Histamine H2-receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 3.3 μM. Ranitidine bismuth citrate has high selectivity for SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Ranitidine bismuth citrate is a commonly used agent anti-Helicobacter pylori infection with an MIC90 value of 16 ng/L[1][2][3].
AZD5213 is a selective and competitive human H3 receptor antagonist with a pKi value of 9.3 for hH3R. AZD5213 can be used for the research of sleep and cognitive regulation[1][2].
ICI 162846 is an orally active antagonist of H2 receptor. ICI 162846 inhibits acid production accompanied by an increase in the secretion of histamine in chronic duodenal ulcer (CDU) models. ICI 162846 is effective in preventing CDU[1][2].
N-Acetyldesloratadine (SCH-37370) is a potent, orally active dual antagonist of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and histamine. N-Acetyldesloratadine inhibits PAF-induced aggregation of human platelets, with an IC50 of 0.6 µM[1].
Clobenpropit dihydrobromide is a potent histamine H3R antagonist/inverse agonist with a pEC50 of 8.07 for histamine H3LR[1]. Clobenpropit dihydrobromide acts as partial agonist at histamine H4 receptors (Ki 13 nM). Clobenpropit dihydrobromide also binds to serotonin 5-HT3 receptors (Ki 7.4 nM) and α2A/α2C adrenoceptors (Ki 17.4/7.8 nM)[2]. Clobenpropit dihydrobromide increases apoptosis[3].
Thioperamide maleate (MR-12842 maleate) is a potent, orally available, brain penetrant and selective H3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 4.3 nM for inhibition of [3H]histamine release. Thioperamide maleate inhibits [3H]histamine synthesis with a Ki of 31 nM[1].
Epinastine hydrochloride (WAL801 hydrochloride) is an antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. Epinastine hydrochloride is a potent, selective and orally-active histamine H1 receptor antagonist. Epinastine hydrochloride also inhibits IL-8 release and has an antiallergic action[1][2][3].
JNJ10191584 (VUF6002) maleate (compound 40) is an orally active and selective histamine H4 receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 26 nM. JNJ10191584 maleate shows 540-fold selectivity to H4 receptor over the H3 receptor with a Ki value of 14.1 μM. JNJ10191584 maleate inhibits chemotaxis of eosinophils and mast cells with IC50 values of 530 nM and 138 nM, respectively[1][2].
Lafutidine-d10 is deuterium labeled Lafutidine. Lafutidine (FRG-8813) is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist (H2RA), with proven gastric mucosal protective effects. Lafutidine can be used for the research of gastroesophageal reflux disease[1].
UNC9994, an analog of Aripiprazole, is a functionally selective β-arrestin-biased dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonist with EC50 <10 nM for β-arrestin-2 recruitment to D2 receptors. UNC9994 is simultaneously partial agonists of β-arrestin-2 translocation and antagonists of Gi-regulated cAMP production. Antipsychotic Activity[1].
H4R antagonist 2 (page 68), a Furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivative, is a potent H4R antagonist. H4R antagonist 2 can be used in research of rheumatoid arthritis[1].
VUF-10497 is a histamine H4 receptor inverse agonist (pKi = 7.57). VUF-10497 was found to possess anti-inflammatory properties in vivo in the rat. VUF-10497 also possesses a considerable affinity for the human histamine H1 receptor.
JNJ-7777120 is a selective H4R antagonist with Ki of 4 ±1 nM, exhibits >1000-fold selectivity over the other histamin receptors.IC50 value: 4 ±1 nM (Ki) [1] Target: histamine H4 receptorin vitro: JNJ-7777120 prevents fibronectin-induced lung fibroblast migration, thus suggesting that H4R could represent an attractive target for the development of new drugs for lung fibrosis treatment .[2]in vivo: JNJ 7777120 blocks histamine-induced chemotaxis and calcium influx in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. In addition, it can block the histamine-induced migration of tracheal mast cells from the connective tissue toward the epithelium in mice. JNJ 7777120 significantly blocks neutrophil infiltration in a mouse zymosan-induced peritonitis model. [3]
Hydroxyzine Dihydrochloride is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist.Target: Histamine H1-ReceptorHydroxyzine inhibits carbachol (10 μM)-induced serotonin release by 34% at 10 μM, by 25% 1 μM and by 17% 0.1 μM in pretreated bladder slices for 60 min [1]. Hydroxyzine (0.1 mM) treatment inhibits the progression and severity of EAE by 50% and the extent of mast cell degranulation by 70% in Lewis rats with allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) [2]. Hydroxyzine (500 M) significantly increases transport of etoposide to the serosal site in the jejunal everted sacs. Hydroxyzine significantly reduces the efflux and approximately 2.4 g/mL of etoposide in the jejunum and ileum. Hydroxyzine (0.2 μg/mL) significantly enhances the efflux of RH123 to the lumen [3].Hydroxyzine (500 μM) significantly decreases the steady-state etoposide concentration 2-fold, where the steady-state concentration reached about 0.055 μM/mL in Sprague-Dawley rats [3]. Hydroxyzine (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg i.p.) shows little direct analgesic activity but markedly potentiates only the effect of morphine on the vocalization after-discharge which represents the affective component of pain in rats. Hydroxyzine (50 mg/kg i.p.) potentiates morphine on the tail-flick test, while Hydroxyzine (12.5 mg/kg i.p.) decreases morphine antinociception in rats [4].
Pimethixene is an antihistamine and anticholinergic agent, that is often used to treat hyperactivity, anxiety, sleep disorders, and allergy.
Nimbin is a intermediate limonoid isolated from Azadirachta. Nimbin prevents tau aggregation and increases cell viability. Nimbin is effective inhibits the envelope protein of dengue virus. Nimbin has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antifungal, antihistamine, antiseptic, antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-viral properties. Nimbin can across blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].
Ciproxifan(FUB-359) is a highly potent and selective histamin H3-receptor antagonist with IC50 of 9.2 nM, with low apparent affinity at other receptor subtypes.IC50 value: 9.2 nM(Ki)Target: H3 receptorIn vitro, Ciproxifan behaved as a competitive antagonist at the H3 autoreceptor controlling 3H histamine release from synaptosomes and displayed similar Ki values (0.5-1.9 nM) at the H3 receptor controlling the electrically-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum or at the brain H3 receptor labeled with 125I-iodoproxyfan. This appears to be an orally bioavailable, extremely selective and potent H3-receptor antagonist whose vigilance- and attention-promoting effects are promising for therapeutic applications in aging disorders.
Tripelennamine citrate, an ethylenediamine derivative, is a potent histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Tripelennamine citrate lessens the allergic response of the organism caused by histamine. Tripelennamine citrate can be used for the research of rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and allergic and anaphylactic reactions[1][2][3].
Pheniramine (Prophenpyridamine;Tripoton) is a first-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist, acts on the central nervous system (CNS) with sedative and hypnotic effect. Pheniramine displays antitumor effect and induces leukemia cells apoptosis. Pheniramine is also a safe and effective local anesthetic, with antipruritic effects[1][2][3][4].
Diphenylpyraline Hcl is a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic effects, acts as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, shows to be useful in the treatment of Parkinsonism.
Azelastine is a potent, second-generation, selective, histamine antagonist.Target: Histamine ReceptorAzelastine is a selective H(1)-receptor antagonist that inhibits histamine release and interferes with activation of several other mediators of allergic inflammation. Azelastine can inhibit CHMCs activation and release of IL-6, tryptase, and histamine. On an equimolar basis, azelastine was a more potent inhibitor than olopatadine [1]. Topical azelastine progressively improved itching and conjunctival redness in PAC patients compared to placebo and was at least as effective as levocabastine. Rapid relief is consistent with H(1)-receptor antagonist action, while continued improvement up to 6 weeks may be consistent with mechanisms involving other mediators of allergic inflammation [2]. Azelastine nasal spray was reported to control all rhinitis symptoms, including nasal congestion, regardless of rhinitis diagnosis during the 2-week study period. Patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis plus nonallergic triggers were identified as patient types most likely to respond to azelastine nasal spray [3].
Cetirizine D4 is a deuterium labeled Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response[1][2][3].
Cetirizine D8 is a deuterium labeled Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response[1][2][3].
Bavisant Hcl (JNJ-31001074) is a highly selective, orally active antagonist of the human H3 receptor with a novel mechanism of action, involving wakefulness and cognition, with potential as a treatment for ADHD. IC50 Value: Target: H3 receptorin vitro: Bavisant completed a phase II ADHD trial, but no results have been reported [1].in vivo: Mean change from baseline in the total ADHD-RS-IV score at day 42 (primary efficacy endpoint) was -8.8 in the placebo group versus -9.3, -11.2 and -12.2 in the bavisant 1?mg/day, 3?mg/day and 10?mg/day groups, respectively; the change in the 10?mg/day group was not statistically superior to placebo (p=0.161), and hence statistical comparisons of the 1?mg/day and 3?mg/day groups with placebo based on a step-down closed testing procedure were not performed [2].Clinical trial: A Study to Characterize the Pharmacokinetics and Effect of Food on JNJ-31001074 in Healthy Volunteers. Phase 2
Famotidine-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Famotidine (MK-208) is a competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.
Rocastine is a selective, nonsedating H1 antagonist, acting as an antihistamine.
Brompheniramine ((±)-Brompheniramine) is a potent and orally active antihistamine of the alkylamine class. Brompheniramine is a selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist with a Kd of 6.06 nM. Brompheniramine can block the hERG channels, calcium channels, and sodium channels with IC50s of 0.90 μM, 16.12 μM and 21.26 μM, respectively. Brompheniramine has anticholinergic, antidepressant and anesthetic properties and can be used for allergic rhinitis research[1][2][3][4].