G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) perceive many extracellular signals and transduce them to heterotrimeric G proteins, which further transduce these signals intracellular to appropriate downstream effectors and thereby play an important role in various signaling pathways. G proteins are specialized proteins with the ability to bind the nucleotides guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). In unstimulated cells, the state of G alpha is defined by its interaction with GDP, G beta-gamma, and a GPCR. Upon receptor stimulation by a ligand, G alpha dissociates from the receptor and G beta-gamma, and GTP is exchanged for the bound GDP, which leads to G alpha activation. G alpha then goes on to activate other molecules in the cell. These effects include activating the MAPK and PI3K pathways, as well as inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the plasma membrane, and the lowering of intracellular Ca2+ levels.

Most human GPCRs can be grouped into five main families named; Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, and Secretin, forming the GRAFS classification system.

A series of studies showed that aberrant GPCR Signaling including those for GPCR-PCa, PSGR2, CaSR, GPR30, and GPR39 are associated with tumorigenesis or metastasis, thus interfering with these receptors and their downstream targets might provide an opportunity for the development of new strategies for cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment. At present, modulators of GPCRs form a key area for the pharmaceutical industry, representing approximately 27% of all FDA-approved drugs.

References:
[1] Moreira IS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jan;1840(1):16-33.
[2] Tuteja N. Plant Signal Behav. 2009 Oct;4(10):942-7.
[3] Williams C, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;552:39-50.
[4] Schiöth HB, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2005 May 15;142(1-2):94-101.
[5] Wu J, et al. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2012 Jan;9(1):37-50.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

N6-Ethyladenosine

N6-Ethyladenosine is an adenosine derivative, acts as a Adenosine receptor agonist, with Kis of 4.9 and 4.7 nM for hA1AR and hA3AR, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 14357-08-5
  • MF: C12H17N5O4
  • MW: 295.29
  • Catalog: Adenosine Receptor
  • Density: 1.76g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 642.9ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 342.6ºC

AZD2906

AZD2906 is a selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist, with IC50s of 2.2, 0.3, 41.6 and 7.5 nM at GR in human, rat PBMC and human, rat whole blood, respectively. AZD2906 increases micronucleated immature erythrocytes (MIE) in the bone marrow of rats[1].

  • CAS Number: 1034148-15-6
  • MF: C26H25FN4O3
  • MW: 460.50
  • Catalog: Glucocorticoid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PHM-27 (human)

PHM-27 (human) is a human prepro-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (27 amino acid). PHM-27 (human) is a potent the human calcitonin receptor agonist with an EC50 of 11 nM. PHM-27 (human) efficiently enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion from beta cells by an autocrine mechanism[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 118025-43-7
  • MF: C135H214N34O40S
  • MW: 2985.41000
  • Catalog: CGRP Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CID-1067700

CID-1067700 is a pan GTPase inhibitor, and competitively inhibits Ras-related in brain 7 (Rab7) with a Ki of 13 nM.

  • CAS Number: 314042-01-8
  • MF: C18H18N2O4S2
  • MW: 390.477
  • Catalog: Ras
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SB-215505

SB-215505 is a potent and subtype-selective 5-HT2B receptor antagonist with pKi values of 8.3, 6.77, 7.66 for 5-HT2B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, respectively[1]. SB-215505 increases wakefulness and motor activity in rats[2].

  • CAS Number: 162100-15-4
  • MF: C19H16ClN3O
  • MW: 337.80300
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.385g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 600.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 317.2ºC

ML 354

ML354 is a selective PAR4 antagonist with an IC50 of 140 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 89159-60-4
  • MF: C16H14N2O3
  • MW: 282.29400
  • Catalog: Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR)
  • Density: 1.29g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 544ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 282.8ºC

(Des-His6)-ACTH (1-24) (human, bovine, rat) trifluoroacetate salt

(Des-His6)-ACTH (1-24) (human, bovine, rat) is an analogue of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; HY-106373). ACTH is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland, regulating cortisol and androgen production[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AS-35

AS-35 is an orally effective, potent and selective antagonist of leukotrienes, antagonizes LTC4-, LTD4 and LTE4-induced contractions of the ileum with IC50 values of 8 nM, 4 nM and 3 nM, respectively, and has antiallergic activities.

  • CAS Number: 108427-72-1
  • MF: C21H20N6O4
  • MW: 420.42100
  • Catalog: Leukotriene Receptor
  • Density: 1.46g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 678.8ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 364.4ºC

H-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Leu-Ser-Ser-Pro-Phe-Trp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2

Neuropeptide AF (cattle), an amidated octadecapeptide, is RFamide neuropeptide. Neuropeptide AF (cattle) acts as a ligand of Mas-related gene receptor A4 (MrgprA4) (Mas-related G-protein-coupled Receptor (MRGPR)) (EC50 of ~60 nM) and MrgprC11 (EC50 of ~300 nM). Neuropeptide AF (cattle) also activate to the G protein-coupled receptors NPFF1 (Neuropeptide Y Receptor) (EC50 of ~25-325 nM) and NPFF2 (EC50 of ~1-5 nM). Neuropeptide AF (cattle) shows anti-opiate and related pain modulation effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 99588-52-0
  • MF: C89H130N24O24
  • MW: 1920.13000
  • Catalog: Neuropeptide Y Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Yohimban-16-carboxylicacid, 17-hydroxy-, methyl ester, (16b,17a)-

Corynanthine is a selective α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Corynanthine can significantly lower intraocular pressure in rabbits[1].

  • CAS Number: 483-10-3
  • MF: C21H26N2O3
  • MW: 354.44
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.31g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 543ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 225-230ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

Diazepinomicin

Diazepinomicin (TLN-4601) is a secondary metabolite produced by Micromonospora sp. Diazepinomicin (TLN-4601) inhibits the EGF-induced Ras-ERK MAPK signaling pathway and induces apoptosis. An anti-tumor agent for K-Ras mutant models[1].

  • CAS Number: 733035-26-2
  • MF: C28H34N2O4
  • MW: 462.58100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SB-568849

SB-568849 is a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCH R1) antagonist with a pKi of 7.7.

  • CAS Number: 395679-53-5
  • MF: C28H31F3N2O3
  • MW: 500.55
  • Catalog: MCHR1 (GPR24)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ridogrel

Ridogrel (R 68070) is an orally active combined thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor and thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor blocker. Ridogrel is potent antiplatelet agent. Anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 110140-89-1
  • MF: C18H17F3N2O3
  • MW: 366.33400
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: 1.26g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 495.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 253.3ºC

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate is an adenosine A1 receptor agonist.

  • CAS Number: 18422-05-4
  • MF: C10H16N5O8P
  • MW: 365.237
  • Catalog: Adenosine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 798.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 183-188 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 436.7ºC

Lodoxamide tromethamine

Lodoxamide tromethamine (U 42585 E) is a medication for the treatment of prophylaxis of mast cell-mediated allergic disease.

  • CAS Number: 63610-09-3
  • MF: C19H28ClN5O12
  • MW: 553.90500
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 827.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 454.3ºC

Praliciguat

Praliciguat (IW-1973) is a potent and orally active soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, enhances NO signaling, acts as a vasodilator. Praliciguat (IW-1973) stimulates sGC in HEK-293 cells with an EC50 of 197 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1628730-49-3
  • MF: C21H14F8N6O2
  • MW: 534.36
  • Catalog: Guanylate Cyclase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Carvedilol

Carvedilol(BM14190) is a non-selective beta blocker/alpha-1 blocker with an IC50 of 3.8 μM for inhibition of LDL oxidation.IC50 Value: 3.8 μM ( inhibition of LDL oxidation)Target: beta Adrenergic ReceptorCarvedilol is a nonselective-blocking agent and is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. As a third-generation β-adrenergic blocker (β-blocker), Carvedilol is able to reverse cardiac structural remodeling. Recentresults demonstrated that the effect caused by Carvedilol on cardiac remodeling is largely dependent on endogenous NO.

  • CAS Number: 72956-09-3
  • MF: C24H26N2O4
  • MW: 406.474
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 655.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 113-117ºC
  • Flash Point: 350.1±31.5 °C

LPA2 antagonist 1

LPA2 antagonist 1 is a LPA2 antagonist with an IC50 of 17 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1017606-66-4
  • MF: C20H23Cl2N5O2S2
  • MW: 500.465
  • Catalog: LPL Receptor
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 684.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 367.8±34.3 °C

Carmoterol hydrochloride

Carmoterol hydrochloride is a highly potent, selective and long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist with the pEC50 of 10.19. Carmoterol has 53 times higher affinity for the β2-adrenoceptors than for the β1-adrenoceptors. Carmoterol hydrochloride can be used for the research of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 137888-11-0
  • MF: C21H25ClN2O4
  • MW: 404.887
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 649.1ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 346.4ºC

Dioxopromethazine

Dioxopromethazine is an orally active antihistamine. Dioxopromethazine inhibits asthmatic symptoms[1].

  • CAS Number: 13754-56-8
  • MF: C17H20N2O2S
  • MW: 316.418
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 478.5±34.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 127-129ºC
  • Flash Point: 243.2±25.7 °C

AMG7703

AMG7703 (4-CMTB, AMG-7703) is an allosteric, selective agonist of FFAR2 (GPR43).

  • CAS Number: 1103523-24-5
  • MF: C14H15ClN2OS
  • MW: 294.800
  • Catalog: GPR40
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ulimorelin

Ulimorelin (TZP-101) is a ghrelin receptor (GRLN) agonist with an EC50 of 29 nM and a Ki of 16 nM. Ulimorelin is a prokinetic agent and causes vasorelaxation through competitive antagonist action at α1-adrenoceptors. Ulimorelin stimulates intestinal motility and is used for malnutrition[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 842131-33-3
  • MF: C30H39FN4O4
  • MW: 538.65300
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2

16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (16,16-dimethyl PGE2) is an orally active vertebrate Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) homeostasis critical regulator. 16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 can act through EP2/EP4 and has an interaction with the Wnt pathway[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 39746-25-3
  • MF: C22H36O5
  • MW: 380.518
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 541.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: -85.6ºC
  • Flash Point: 295.2±26.6 °C

Selexipag-d8

Selexipag-d8 (NS-304-d8) is the deuterium labeled Selexipag. Selexipag (NS-304) is an orally available and potent agonist for the Prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor (IP receptor)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1265295-16-6
  • MF: C26H24D8N4O4S
  • MW: 504.67
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Clemizole hydrochloride

Clemizole hydrochloride is an H1 histamine receptor antagonist, is found to substantially inhibit HCV replication. The IC50 of Clemizole for RNA binding by NS4B is 24±1 nM, whereas its EC50 for viral replication is 8 µM.

  • CAS Number: 1163-36-6
  • MF: C19H21Cl2N3
  • MW: 362.296
  • Catalog: HCV
  • Density: 1.25 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 506.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 241 °C
  • Flash Point: 259.9ºC

TUG-469

TUG-469 is a selective free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) agonist with an EC50 value of 19 nM. TUG-469 is >200-fold selective for FFA1 over FFA4. TUG-469 significantly improves glucose tolerance in pre-diabetic mice. TUG-469 can be used for the research of diabetes[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1236109-67-3
  • MF: C23H23NO2
  • MW: 345.434
  • Catalog: GPR40
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 532.7±38.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 275.9±26.8 °C

Pentoxyverine

Pentoxyverine (Carbetapentane) is a sigma-1 receptor agonist, with a Ki of 75 nM on guinea-pig brain membranes. Pentoxyverine is a centrally-acting cough suppressant with antimuscarinic and anticonvulsant properties. Pentoxyverine can be used for inhibiting bronchial interceptor, weakening of cough reflex, bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and reduction of airway resistance[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 77-23-6
  • MF: C20H31NO3
  • MW: 333.465
  • Catalog: Sigma Receptor
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 435.5±30.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 217.2±24.6 °C

Otenzepad

Otenzepad (AF-DX 116) is a selective and competitive M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, with IC50 values of 640 nM and 386 nM for rabbit peripheral lung and rat heart, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 102394-31-0
  • MF: C24H31N5O2
  • MW: 421.53500
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: 1.171 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 573.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 300.5ºC

Nebivolol

Nebivolol selectively inhibits β1- adrenergic receptor with IC50 of 0.8 nM.Target: β1- adrenergic receptorNebivolol reduces cell proliferation of human coronary smooth muscle cells (haCSMCs) and endothelial cells (haECs) in a concentration- and time-dependent maner. Nebivolol treatment for 7 days causes significant reduction in cell growth of haCSMCs with IC50 of 6.1 μM, and inhibits accelerated haCSMC proliferation stimulated by growth factors PDGF-BB, bFGF, and TGFβ with IC50 values of 6.8 μM, 6.4 μM and 7.7 μM, repectively. Nebivolol treatment (10-5 M) of haCSMCs for 48 hours induces a moderate apoptosis of 23% and a decrease from 16% to 5% in the number of cells in S-phase. During Nebivolol incubation, NO formation of HaCEs increases, while endothelin-1 transcription and secretion are suppressed.Administratiion of Nebivolol (initially by iv within 10 minutes of reperfusion and then orally) to rats with myocardial infarction (MI) reduces myocardial apoptosis, which is mediated by regulation of NO . Nebivolol, significantly, prevents left ventricular (LV) pressure changes, reduces total and regional apoptotic cardiomyocytes. Nebivolol treatment lowers mean blood pressure (MBP) in rats with MI slightly, but not significantly.

  • CAS Number: 118457-14-0
  • MF: C22H25F2NO4
  • MW: 405.435
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 600.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 316.9±31.5 °C

(S)-Alprenolol L-tartrate

(S)-Alprenolol is a potent and nonselective β-adrenoceptor antagonist[1].

  • CAS Number: 16768-36-8
  • MF: C19H29NO8
  • MW: 399.43500
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 383.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 185.7ºC