G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) perceive many extracellular signals and transduce them to heterotrimeric G proteins, which further transduce these signals intracellular to appropriate downstream effectors and thereby play an important role in various signaling pathways. G proteins are specialized proteins with the ability to bind the nucleotides guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). In unstimulated cells, the state of G alpha is defined by its interaction with GDP, G beta-gamma, and a GPCR. Upon receptor stimulation by a ligand, G alpha dissociates from the receptor and G beta-gamma, and GTP is exchanged for the bound GDP, which leads to G alpha activation. G alpha then goes on to activate other molecules in the cell. These effects include activating the MAPK and PI3K pathways, as well as inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the plasma membrane, and the lowering of intracellular Ca2+ levels.

Most human GPCRs can be grouped into five main families named; Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, and Secretin, forming the GRAFS classification system.

A series of studies showed that aberrant GPCR Signaling including those for GPCR-PCa, PSGR2, CaSR, GPR30, and GPR39 are associated with tumorigenesis or metastasis, thus interfering with these receptors and their downstream targets might provide an opportunity for the development of new strategies for cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment. At present, modulators of GPCRs form a key area for the pharmaceutical industry, representing approximately 27% of all FDA-approved drugs.

References:
[1] Moreira IS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jan;1840(1):16-33.
[2] Tuteja N. Plant Signal Behav. 2009 Oct;4(10):942-7.
[3] Williams C, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;552:39-50.
[4] Schiöth HB, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2005 May 15;142(1-2):94-101.
[5] Wu J, et al. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2012 Jan;9(1):37-50.


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Mozavaptan

Mozavaptan (OPC31260) is a orally effective, nonpeptide vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 14 nM.

  • CAS Number: 137975-06-5
  • MF: C27H29N3O2
  • MW: 427.538
  • Catalog: Vasopressin Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 543.0±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 282.2±30.1 °C

BMS-819881

BMS-819881 is a melaninconcentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) antagonist, which binds rat MCHR1 with a Ki of 7 nM. BMS-819881 also is selective and potent for CYP3A4 activity with an EC50 of 13 μM.

  • CAS Number: 1197420-05-5
  • MF: C24H21ClN2O4S
  • MW: 468.953
  • Catalog: MCHR1 (GPR24)
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 697.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 375.8±34.3 °C

leucyl-arginyl-prolyl-glycinamide

LH-RH (7-10) is a tetrapeptide, one of major degradation products of luteinising-hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) via pituitary and hypothalamus. LH-RH (7-10) produced in macrophages, type I-like and type II pneumocytes[3].

  • CAS Number: 38482-71-2
  • MF: C19H36N8O4
  • MW: 440.54000
  • Catalog: GNRH Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NMI 8739

NMI 8739 is a dopamine D2 autoreceptor agonist, which is an amine conjugate of the DHA carrier and the neurotransmitter dopamine.

  • CAS Number: 129024-87-9
  • MF: C30H41NO3
  • MW: 463.65100
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cyclodrine hydrochloride

Cyclodrine hydrochloride is a cholinergic (muscarinic, nicotinic) (mAChR and nAChR) receptor antagonist.

  • CAS Number: 78853-39-1
  • MF: C19H30ClNO3
  • MW: 355.89900
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

L-749372

L-749372 is the beta 3 adrenergic receptor 3-Pyridyloxypropanolamine agonist.

  • CAS Number: 159183-70-7
  • MF: C22H24IN3O4S
  • MW: 553.41
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

udp-alpha-d-galactose disodium salt

UDP-Galactose disodium is a monosaccharide and a P2Y14 receptor agonist with an EC50 value of 0.67 μM. UDP-Galactose disodium is a substrate for the transferase beta-1, 4 galactosyltransferase V (B4GALT5)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 137868-52-1
  • MF: C15H22N2Na2O17P2
  • MW: 610.265
  • Catalog: P2Y Receptor
  • Density: 1.97g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 27 °C

Cabergoline

Cabergoline is an ergot derived-dopamine D2-like receptor agonist that has high affinity for D2, D3, and 5-HT2B receptors (Ki=0.7, 1.5, and 1.2, respectively).

  • CAS Number: 81409-90-7
  • MF: C26H37N5O2
  • MW: 451.604
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 102-104°C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ro 60-0175

Ro 60-0175 is a potent, selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist with pKi of 9, 7.5, 5.4, 5.2 and 5.6 for human 5-HT2C, 2A, 1A, 6 and 7 receptors respectively; induces hypolocomotion in rats at doses greater than 0.5 mg/kg s.c.; (0.3 and 1 mg/kg s.c.) simultaneously reduces both unpunished and punished lever pressing, a profile consistent with sedation, induces sedative-like responses via 5-HT(2C) receptor activation in vivo.

  • CAS Number: 169675-08-5
  • MF: C11H12ClFN2
  • MW: 226.678
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 353.2±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 167.4±25.1 °C

Sec-O-Glucosylhamaudol

Sec-O-Glucosylhamaudol is a natural compound extracted from Peucedanum japonicum Thunb, decreases levels of μ-opioid receptor, with analgesic effect[1].

  • CAS Number: 80681-44-3
  • MF: C21H26O10
  • MW: 438.425
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 677.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 237.2±25.0 °C

GLP-1 receptor agonist 8

GLP-1 receptor agonist 8 is a potent agonist of GLP-1 R. GLP-1 receptor agonist 8 has the potential for the research of diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (extracted from patent WO2019239319A1, compound 17)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2401892-86-0
  • MF: C34H36ClFN6O4
  • MW: 647.14
  • Catalog: Glucagon Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Desipramine hydrochloride

Desipramine hydrochloride is an inhibitor of norepinephrine transporter (NET), 5-HT transporter (SERT) and dopamine transporter (DAT) with Kis of 4, 61 and 78,720 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 58-28-6
  • MF: C18H23ClN2
  • MW: 302.842
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 407.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 214-216ºC
  • Flash Point: 160.5ºC

Frovatriptan

Frovatriptan succinate hydrate is a potent, high affinity, selective and orally active 5-HT1B, HT1D receptor agonist and a moderately potent 5-HT7 receptor agonist, with pKi values of 8.6, 8.4, and 6.7, respectively. Frovatriptan succinate hydrate is effective in treating the full spectrum of migraine including the associated symptoms of nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. Frovatriptan succinate hydrate can also be used as in mini-prophylaxis in menstrual migraine[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 158930-17-7
  • MF: C18H25N3O6
  • MW: 379.40800
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.27g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 515.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 265.4ºC

VU6028418

VU6028418 (VU 6028418) is a potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable M4 mAChR antagonist for the treatment of dystonia and other movement disorders.

  • CAS Number: 2649803-05-2
  • MF: C23H27F3N4O
  • MW: 432.491
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VU0453379

VU0453379 is a highly selective and central nervous system (CNS) penetrant positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of glucagon-like peptide-1R (GLP-1R) with an EC50 of 1.3 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1638646-27-1
  • MF: C26H34N4O2
  • MW: 434.57
  • Catalog: Glucagon Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GPR84 antagonist 2

GPR84 antagonist 2 (compound 33) is a potent, selective, and orally active GPR84 antagonist (IC50=8.95 nM). GPR84 antagonist 2 shows improved potency in the calcium mobilization assay and the ability to inhibit the chemotaxis of neutrophils and macrophages upon GPR84 activation. GPR84 antagonist 2 has the potential for the research of ulcerative colitis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2244269-74-5
  • MF: C28H16Cl2NaO4PS2
  • MW: 605.42
  • Catalog: GPR84
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

KRAS G12C inhibitor 29

KRAS G12C inhibitor 29 is a KRAS G12C inhibitor extracted from patent WO2021252339A1, compound 3. KRAS G12C inhibitor 29 can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 847337-63-7
  • MF: C23H21ClFN5O2
  • MW: 453.90
  • Catalog: Ras
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nedocromil

Nedocromil suppresses the action or formation of multiple mediators, including histamine, leukotriene C4 (LTC4), and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2).

  • CAS Number: 69049-73-6
  • MF: C19H17NO7
  • MW: 371.341
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 645.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 299ºC
  • Flash Point: 344.2±31.5 °C

Octamylamine

Octamylamine is an anticholinergic and antispasmodic agent[1].

  • CAS Number: 502-59-0
  • MF: C13H29N
  • MW: 199.37600
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: 0.787g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 229.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 18°C (estimate)
  • Flash Point: 72.4ºC

NTRC 824

NTRC-824 (Compound 5) is a potent, selective and neurotensin-like nonpeptide neurotensin receptor type 2 (NTS2) antagonist with an IC50 of 38 nM and a Ki of 202 nM. NTRC-824 is >150-fold selectivity for NTS2 over NTS1 (Ki >30 μM)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1623002-61-8
  • MF: C25H26F3N3O6S
  • MW: 553.55
  • Catalog: Neurotensin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Treprostinil sodium

Treprostinil sodium is a potent DP1 and EP2 agonist with EC50 values of 0.6±0.1 and 6.2±1.2 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 289480-64-4
  • MF: C23H33NaO5
  • MW: 412.49
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 587.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 199.3ºC

Pramipexole

Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist of the non-ergoline class indicated for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS).Target: Dopamine Receptor Pramipexole also possesses low/insignificant affinity (500-10,000 nM) for the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, and α2-adrenergic receptors. It has negligible affinity (>10,000 nM) for the D1, D5, 5-HT2, α1-adrenergic, β-adrenergic, H1, and mACh receptors. All sites assayed were done using human tissues. While pramipexole is used clinically, its D3-preferring receptor binding profile has made it a popular tool compound for preclinical research. Pramipexole has been used (in combination with D2- and or D3-preferring antagonists) to interrogate the role of D3 receptor function in rodent models and tasks for neuropsychiatric disorders [1-3].

  • CAS Number: 104632-26-0
  • MF: C10H17N3S
  • MW: 211.327
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 378.0±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 288-290°C
  • Flash Point: 182.4±27.9 °C

ESI-08

ESI-08 is a potent and selective EPAC antagonist, which can completely inhibit both EPAC1 and EPAC2 (IC50 of 8.4 μM) activity. ESI-08 selectively blocks cAMP-induced EPAC activation, but does not inhibit cAMP-mediated PKA activation[1].

  • CAS Number: 301177-43-5
  • MF: C20H23N3OS
  • MW: 353.48
  • Catalog: Ras
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Parstatin (mouse) TFA

Parstatin(mouse), a cell-penetrating PAR-1 thrombin receptor agonist peptide, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1065756-01-5
  • MF: C189H326N58O57S3
  • MW: 4419.16
  • Catalog: Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Naltriben mesylate

Naltriben mesylate is a potent delta-2 receptor-selective antagonist, with Kis are 0.013, 19 and 152 nM for δ, μ and κ receptors respectively. Naltriben mesylate selectively attenuates alcohol intake in rats bred for alcohol preference[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 122517-78-6
  • MF: C27H29NO7S
  • MW: 511.59
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LY3104607

LY3104607 (LY-3104607) is a potent, selective, orally available GPR40 agonist with Ki of 15 nM, β-arrestin EC50 of 108 nM; demonstrates functional potency and glucose dependent insulin secretion in primary islets from rats; dose-dependently reduces glucose levels in vivo.

  • CAS Number: 1795232-22-2
  • MF: C27H25N3O3
  • MW: 439.515
  • Catalog: GPR40
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ro 46-2005

Ro 46-2005 is a novel synthetic non-peptide endothelin receptor antagonist, inhibits the specific binding of 125I-ET-1 to human vascular smooth muscle cells (ETA receptor) with IC50 of 220 nM.IC50 value: 220 nM (ETA) [2]Target: Endothelinin vitro: Ro 46-2005 proves to be equipotent (IC50 200-500 nM) for inhibition of [125I]ET-1 binding on the two known ET receptor subtypes (ETA and ETB). Ro 46-2005 also inhibits the functional consequences of ET-1 stimulation: the ET-l-induced release of arachidonic acid from rat mesangial cells was inhibited with an IC50 of 1.8 μM.[1]

  • CAS Number: 150725-87-4
  • MF: C23H27N3O6S
  • MW: 473.542
  • Catalog: Endothelin Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 617.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 327.3±34.3 °C

NS-2028

NS-2028 is a highly selective soluble Guanylyl Cyclase (sGC) inhibitor with IC50 values of 30 nM and 200 nM for basal and NO-stimulated enzyme activity[1]. NS-2028 inhibits soluble Guanylyl Cyclase activity in homogenates of mouse cerebellum and neuronal NO synthase with IC50 values of 17 nM and 20 nM[1]. NS-2028 inhibits 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1)-elicited formation of cyclic GMP in human cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells with an IC50 of 30 nM[1]. NS-2028 is commonly used in the research of nitric oxide signaling pathways, it inhibits NO-dependent relaxant responses in non-vascular smooth muscle completely (1 μM)[1]. NS-2028 reduces vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis and permeability[2].

  • CAS Number: 204326-43-2
  • MF: C9H5BrN2O3
  • MW: 269.052
  • Catalog: Guanylate Cyclase
  • Density: 2.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 353.8±52.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 161-162ºC
  • Flash Point: 167.8±30.7 °C

(2S)-ISOPROPYLPIPERAZINE

L-CCG-I is an extended isomer of conformationally restricted glutamate analog. L-CCG-I also is a potent agonist for mGluR2 with an EC50 value of 0.3 nM. L-CCG-I can be used for the research of mGluR family[1].

  • CAS Number: 117857-93-9
  • MF: C6H9NO4
  • MW: 159.14000
  • Catalog: mGluR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Solriamfetol hydrochloride

Solriamfetol hydrochloride (JZP-110 hydrochloride) is an orally active and selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with IC50s of 2.9 μM and 4.4 μM for dopamine and norepinephrine transporters, respectively. Solriamfetol hydrochloride has robust wake-promoting effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 178429-65-7
  • MF: C10H15ClN2O2
  • MW: 230.691
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A