Estramustine is an antineoplastic agent. Estramustine depolymerizes microtnbules by binding to tubulin 1, exhibits antimitotic activity with an IC50 value of ~16 μM for mitosis of DU 145 cells. Estramustine blocks cells at mitosis in prostate tumor xenografts[1].
HI5 is a potent tublin and IDO inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 70 nM in HeLa cells. HI5 inhibit IDO expression and decrease kynurenine production, leading to stimulating T cells activation and proliferation. HI5 can inhibit tubulin polymerization and cell migration, cause G2/M phase arrest, and induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial dependent apoptosis pathway and cause reactive oxidative stress generation in HeLa cells. HI5 can be used for researching anticancer[1].
SB26019 is a potent anti-neuroinflammatory agent. SB26019 regulates NF-κB activation by inducing monomeric α-tubulin formation. SB26019-induced α-tubulin monomer inhibits p65 translocation[1].
D-64131 is a novel inhibitor of Tubulin polymerization that competitively binds with [(3)H]colchicine to αβ-Tubulin. IC50 Value: N/ATarget: Microtubule/Tubulinin vitro: D-64131 is cytotoxic and inhibits tumor cell proliferation in vitro (IC50 = 74 nM). D-64131 prevents growth of tumor models in mice following oral administration in vivo. D-64131 has significant potential in cancer treatment. The proliferation of tumor cells from 12 of 14 different organs and tissues was inhibited with mean IC(50)s of 62 nM by D-64131.in vivo: In animal studies, no signs of systemic toxicity were observed after p.o. dosages of up to 400 mg/kg of D-64131. In xenograft experiments with the human amelanoic melanoma MEXF 989, D-64131 was highly active with treatment resulting in a growth delay of 23.4 days at 400 mg/kg. Therefore, D-64131 and analogues have the potential to be developed for cancer therapy, replacing or supplementing standard therapy regimens with tubulin-targeting drugs from natural sources.
ALB-109564 (12'-Methylthiovinblastine) hydrochloride, a tubulin inhibitor, is a cytotoxic agent designed to kill cancer cells by disrupting mitosis[1].
Scoulerine ((-)-Scoulerine), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a potent antimitotic compound. Scoulerine is also an inhibitor of BACE1 (ß-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1). Scoulerine inhibits proliferation, arrests cell cycle, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells[1].
KX2-361 (KX-02) is a Src-kinase and tubulin polymerization inhibitor. KX2-361 shows good oral bioavailability and readily crosses the BBB in mice. KX2-361 shows anti-tumor activity and induces apoptosis of Glioblastoma (GBM) cell[1].
Synstab A is a mitosis modulator to promote interactions between α- and β-tubulin. Synstab A can polymerizes microtubules from purified tubulin, and produces microtubule bundles in interphase cells[1][2].
Tubulin polymerization-IN-19 (compound 4) is a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Tubulin polymerization-IN-20 has the potential for the research of breast cancers and chemoresistant colon cancers[1].
2-Methoxyestradiol-d5 is the deuterium labeled 2-Hydroxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].
Cys-McMMAF is the released payload of AlMcMMAF, an anti-5T4 humanized A1 antibody conjugated to the microtubule disrupting MMAF (HY-15579) via a maleimidocaproyl linker. Cys-McMMAF has antitumor efficacy in two tumor mouse models (H1975 and MDA-MB-361-DYT2 models)[1].
Tubulin polymerization-IN-16 (compound 5g) is a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Tubulin polymerization-IN-16 shows most potent against cancer cells, with IC50 values of 0.084-0.221 μM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-16 potently disrupts microtubule/tubulin dynamics, induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in SGC-7901 cells[1].
Vinflunine is a new vinca alkaloid uniquely fluorinated with the properties of mitotic-arresting and tubulin-interacting activity.Target: Microtubule/TubulinThe major effects of Vinflunine on dynamic instability are a slowing of the microtubule growth rate, an increase in growth duration, and a reduction in shortening duration. The effects of Vinflunine on the readmilling rate is examined by following [3H]GTP incorporation into MAP-rich microtubules, and the IC50 is 0.42 μM [1]. Vinflunine induced mitotic accumulation with IC50 with 18.8 nM, which decreases the centromere dynamicity by 44% and increases the time centromeres spent ina paused state by 63% [2]. Treatment of Vinflunine induces a rapid change in endothelial cell shape: cells retracts and assumes a rounded morphology. Mean IC50 values are 9.9 × 10-5 M × 10-5 M for fibronectin and 5.0× 10-5 M × 10-5 M for type IV collagen. A short 4 hours exposure of endothelial cells to Vinflunine at 10-8 0.05). An ID50 value (dose which inhibits 50% of bFGF-induced neovascularisation) is calculated as 1 mg/kg. Low doses of Vinflunine reduce the number of experimental liver metastases by human LS174T colon cancer cell. A slight overall decrease in liver metastatic foci is already observed at the very low dose of 0.16 mg/kg Vinflunine, although maximal overall inhibition is reached at the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of 20 mg/kg [3].
7-Epi-10-oxo-docetaxel (Docetaxel Impurity C; 7-Epitaxotere) is a impurity of docetaxel.
MKC-1 (Ro-31-7453) is an orally active and potent cell cycle inhibitor with broad antitumor activity. MKC-1 inhibits the Akt/mTOR pathway. MKC-1 arrests cellular mitosis and induces cell apoptosis by binding to a number of different cellular proteins including tubulin and members of the importin β family[1][2][3].
Fmoc-L-Lys (Boc)-OH-13C6,15N2 is a 15N-labeled and 13C-labled Triclabendazole.
MMAF sodium (Monomethylauristatin F sodium) is an antitubulin agent that inhibit cell division; attenuates its cytotoxic activity compared to MMAE. MMAF sodium is widely used as a cytotoxic component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) to treat several different cancer types.
PI3K/AKT-IN-2 (Compound 12c) is a PI3K and AKT inhibitor. PI3K/AKT-IN-2 blocks the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induces apoptosis. PI3K/AKT-IN-2 inhibits the polymerization of tubulin[1].
Cephalomannine is a taxol derivative with antitumor, antiproliferative properties. IC50 value:Target: Cephalomannine is an active anti-cancer agent obtained from Taxus yunnanensis and has an antineoplastic effect on tumors found in mice. Cephalomannine is a chemotherapy drug that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer. Cephalomannine is most commonly used to treat non-small cell lung cancer.
Tubulin polymerization-IN-47 (Compound 4h) is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor and mitotic inhibitor. Tubulin polymerization-IN-47 inhibits neuroblastoma cancer cell proliferation, with IC50s of 7 and 12 nM for Chp-134 and Kelly cell line[1].
Valecobulin (CKD516), a valine prodrug of (S516) and a vascular disrupting agent (VDA), is a potent beta-tubulin polymerization inhibitor with marked antitumor activity against murine and human solid tumors[1][2].
PF-06380101 is a novel cytotoxic Dolastatin 10 analogue; with excellent potencies in tumor cell proliferation assays and differential ADME properties when compared to other synthetic auristatin analogues that are used in the preparation of ADCs.IC50 value: ~0.2 nM(GI50 in BT474, MDA-MB-361-DYT2 and N87 cell line) [1]Target: ADCs cytotoxin; tubulin inhibitorAfter an IV dose of 20a at 20 μg/kg to Wistar Han rats, PF-06380101 exhibited a mean systemic clearance (Cl) of 70 mL/min/kg and a volume of distribution (Vss) of 14.70 L/kg, resulting in a terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) of approximately 6 h. PF-06380101 preferentially distributes into human plasma relative to whole blood and that PF-06380101 is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate. PF-06380101 is anticipated to be of low risk to perpetrate pharmacokinetic drug interactions with compounds for which CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and/or CYP3A4/5-mediated metabolism constitutes the primary mechanism of clearance. The utility of the new auristatin analogues as ADC payloads including the development of the lead analogue 20a (PF-06380101) will be reported in due course.
Combretastatin A-1 phosphate (OXi-4503) tetrasodium, a prodrug of Combretastatin A-1, is a microtubule polymerization inhibitor that binds to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. Combretastatin A-1 phosphate tetrasodium inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through tubulin depolymerization mediated AKT deactivation. Combretastatin A-1 phosphate tetrasodium exhibits anti-tumor and anti-vascular effects[1][2][3].
Estramustine phosphate sodium is an antimicrotubule chemotherapy agent; arrests prostate cancer cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
Tubulin inhibitor 28 (compound 2g) is a potent tubulin inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.2 µM. Tubulin inhibitor 28 shows anti-proliferative activity for MCF-7 cells[1].
Aminobenzenesulfonic auristatin E is a drug-linker conjugate for ADC with potent antitumor activity by using Auristatin E (a cytotoxic tubulin modifier), linked via the ADC linker Aminobenzenesulfonic[1].
Tubulin inhibitor 1 is a tubulin inhibitor, occupying the colchicine binding site, inhibits tubulin polymerization. Tubulin inhibitor 1 shows potent anti-tumor activity, casues cellular mitotic arrest in the G2/M phase, and induces cellular apoptosis[1].
Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1 is a dual tubulin and HDAC-IN-1 inhibitor through CH/π interaction with tubulin and hydrogen bond interaction with HDAC8. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1 inhibits tubulin polymerization and selectively inhibits HDAC8 (IC50: 150 nM). Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1 has cytotoxicity against various human cancer cells, also arrests cell cycle in the G2/M phase and induces cell apoptosis. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1 can be used in the research of hematologic and solid tumors such as neuroblastoma, leukemia[1].
Sudocetaxel is a microtubule depolymerization inhibitor for pH-sensitive docetaxel delivery.
Microtubule inhibitor 5 (compound 17f) is a potent microtubule inhibitor. Microtubule inhibitor 5 shows cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 154.5 nM for NCI-H460 cells. Microtubule inhibitor 5 shows good cell permeability[1].