Thiamine nitrate is an essential vitamin which can enhance normal neuronal actives.
DDR2-IN-1 is potent DDR2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 26 nM. DDR2-IN-1, compound 129, can be used for osteoarthritis research[1].
Isovaleric acid-d7 is the deuterium labeled Isovaleric acid[1]. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human[2].
KRN5 is a Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) suppressor, with an IC50 of 750 nM.
GRK5-IN-2 (compound 707), a pyridine-based bicyclic compound, is a potent G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) inhibitor. GRK5-IN-2 regulates the expression and/or release of insulin and is useful for the metabolic disease research[1].
Myricetin 3-O-galactoside, isolated from the leaves of Myrtus communis, inhibits xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, lipid peroxidation and scavenges the free radical. Myricetin 3-O-galactoside inhibits lipid peroxidation with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity[1].
Tiopronin is a prescription thiol drug used to control the rate of cystine precipitation and excretion in the disease cystinuria.Target: OthersTiopronin is used primarily for cystinuria and is well known in the cystinuric community. Depending on the severity of a person's cystinuria, tiopronin may be taken for life, possibly starting in early childhood. It may also be used for Wilson's disease (an overload of copper in the body), and certain types of rare arthritis, though tiopronin is not an anti-inflammatory. Tiopronin is also sometimes used as a stabilizing agent for metal nanoparticles. The thiol group binds to the nanoparticles, preventing coagulation [1, 2].
Ipriflavone is a synthetic isoflavone derivative used to suppress bone resorption.
SRT 1720 Hydrochloride is a selective activator of SIRT1 with an EC1.5 of 0.16 μM, and shows less potent activities on SIRT2 and SIRT3 with EC1.5s of 37 μM and 300 μM, respectively.
Implitapide Racemate is the racemate of Implitapide. Implitapide is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor.
Furosine dihydrochloride, an amino acid derivative, is an important chemical marker of early-stage Maillard reactions. Furosine dihydrochloride is closely related to a variety of diseases such as diabetes[1][2].
L-165041 is a cell permeable PPARδ agonist, with Kis of 6 nM and appr 730 nM for PPARδ and PPARγ, respectively, and induces adipocyte differentiation in NIH-PPARδ cells.
Pteryxin, a coumarin in Peucedanum japonicum Thunb leaves, exerts antiobesity activity[1]. Pteryxin is a potent butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 12.96 μg/ml[2].
2-Cyanopyrimidine is a potent and non-selective cysteine protease cathepsin K inhibitor with an IC50 of 170 nM. 2-Cyanopyrimidine is used for osteoporos[1].
Midaglizole ((±)-DG5128 free base, DG5128 free base) is a potent α2-adrenoceptor antagonist. Midaglizole is a hypoglycemic agent. Midaglizole increases blood pressure and reduces blood glucose levels in vivo[1][2][3].
VO-OHPic is a reversible, noncompetitive and selective PTEN inhibitor with an IC50 of 46 nM. VO-OHPic attenuates apoptosis, adverse cardiac remodeling, and pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. VO-OHPic inhibits autophagy[1][2][3].
Trequinsin hydrochloride (HL 725) is an extremely potent inhibitor of platelet CAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), with an IC50 of 0.25 nM. Trequinsin hydrochloride (HL 725) is an extremely potent inhibitor of the aggregation of human platelets induced in vitro by ADP, collagen, thrombin and epinephrine[1][2][3].
GRPP (human) is a 30 amino acid Gcg-derived peptide. GRPP (human) causes slight increases in plasma insulin and decreases in plasma glucagon. GRPP (human) does not affect insulin secretion in rat islets[1].
FBPase-IN-2 (HS36) is a potent Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) covalent inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.15 μM. FBPase-IN-2 reduces glucose production in hepatocytes. FBPase-IN-2 can be used for type 2 diabetes mellitus research[1].
D-Glucose-13C-3 is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response[1].
6-Thioinosine (6TI) is a purine antimetabolite, acts as an anti-adipogenesis agent, downregulates mRNA levels of PPAR γ and C/EBPα, as well as PPAR γ target protein such as LPL, CD36, aP2, and LXRα[1][2].
23,25-Dihydroxy-24-oxovitamin D3 is a major metabolite of 24(R),25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3. 23,25-Dihydroxy-24-oxovitamin D3 can be used for the research of metabolic diseases[1].
PDK4-IN-1 hydrochloride is an anthraquinone derivative and a potent and orally active pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 84 nM. PDK4-IN-1 hydrochloride potently represses cellular transformation and cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis. PDK4-IN-1 hydrochloride has antidiabetic, anticancer and anti-allergic activity[1].
α-L-Fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.51) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. Serum activity of α-L-fucosidase, a lysosomal enzyme present in all mammalian cells, has been proposed as a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[1].
JTC-017, a specific corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 antagonist, attenuates hippocampal noradrenaline release, visceral perception, adrenocorticotropic hormone release, and anxiety after acute colorectal distention in rats. JTC-017 blocks stress-induced changes in colonic motility after chronic colorectal distention in rats[1].
AZD7687 is a potent and selective DGAT1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 80 nM (hDGAT1).IC50 value: 80 nM [1]Target: DGAT1in vitro: Plasma AZD7687 exposure was measured repeatedly. Postprandial serum TAG excursion was measured during 8 h after a standardized mixed meal with fat energy content of 60% (SMM 60%; five cohorts, 1-20 mg), before (baseline) and after dosing, to assess effects on gut DGAT1 activity. AZD7687 markedly reduced postprandial TAG excursion with a steep concentration-effect relationship [2].in vivo: Multiple doses of AZD7687 (1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/day, n=6 or n=12 for each) or placebo (n=20) were administered for 1 week. Dose-dependent reductions in postprandial serum TAG were demonstrated with AZD7687 doses ≥5mg compared with placebo (p<0.01). Significant (p<0.001) increases in plasma GLP-1 and PYY levels were seen at these doses, but no clear effect on gastric emptying was demonstrated at the end of treatment. With AZD7687 doses >5 mg/day, gastrointestinal (GI) side effects increased; 11/18 of these participants discontinued treatment owing to diarrhoea [3].
Biotinylated sphingosine (Biotinyl-Sph) is a substrate of sphingosine kinase that can b used to detect the phosphorylation activity of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and SPHK2[1].
CAY10789 (compound 6) is a potent CysLT1R (cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1) antagonist (IC50=2.80 μM) and GPBAR1 (G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1) agonist (EC50=3 μM). CAY10789 significantly reduces the adhesion of U937 cells to HAEC, reduces the expression of TNF-α. CAY10789 shows very promising metabolic stability and excellent pharmacokinetics. CAY10789 can be used for the research of colitis, metabolic syndromes, and other GPBAR1/CysLT1R-related diseases[1].
BLU2864 is an orally active, highly selective, ATP-competitive PRKACA inhibitor (IC50=0.3 nM). BLU2864 shows anti-tumor activity. BLU2864 can be used in cancer and polycystic kidney disease research[1][2].