Neuronal Signaling is involved in the regulation of the mechanics of the central nervous system such as its structure, function, genetics and physiology as well as how this can be applied to understand diseases of the nervous system. Every information processing system in the CNS is composed of neurons and glia, neurons have evolved unique capabilities for intracellular signaling (communication within the cell) and intercellular signaling (communication between cells).

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including 5-HT receptor, histamine receptor, opioid receptor, and etc, are the largest class of sensory proteins and are important therapeutic targets in Neuronal Signaling. GPCRs are activated by diverse stimuli, including light, enzymatic processing of their N-termini, and binding of proteins, peptides, or small molecules such as neurotransmitters, and regulate neuronal excitability by indirectly modulating the function of voltage-gated channels, such as voltage-gated calcium channel and transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. Besides, Notch signaling, such as β- and γ-secretase, also plays multiple roles in the development of the CNS including regulating neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, survival, self-renewal and differentiation.

GPCR dysfunction caused by receptor mutations and environmental challenges contributes to many neurological diseases. Notch signaling in neurons, glia, and NSCs is also involved in pathological changes that occur in disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease and CNS tumors. Thus, targeting Neuronal Signaling, such as notch signaling and GPCRs, can be used as therapeutic interventions for several different CNS disorders.

References:
[1] Lathia JD, et al. J Neurochem. 2008 Dec;107(6):1471-81.
[2] Palczewski K, et al. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2013 Jul 8;36:139-64.
[3] Geppetti P, et al. Neuron. 2015 Nov 18;88(4):635-49.


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CP 93129 dihydrochloride

CP 93129 dihydrochloride is a potent 5HT1B receptor agonist. CP 93129 dihydrochloride has the potential for parkinson's disease research[1].

  • CAS Number: 879089-64-2
  • MF: C12H15Cl2N3O
  • MW: 288.17300
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

rac Fesoterodine-d14 Fumarate

(Rac)-Fesoterodine-d14 fumarate is a labelled racemic Fesoterodine. Fesoterodine is an orally active, nonsubtype selective, competitive muscarinic receptor (mAChR) antagonist with pKi values of 8.0, 7.7, 7.4, 7.3, 7.5 for M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 receptors, respectively. Fesoterodine is used for the overactive bladder (OAB)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1185237-08-4
  • MF: C30H27D14NO7
  • MW: 541.73500
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nalfurafine

Nalfurafine (TRK-820) is a potent selective and orally active G protein-biased kappa opioid receptor (KOR)-agonist with high translational potential[1]. Nalfurafine (TRK-820) enhances the therapeutic potential of MOR-targeting analgesics, has the potential for uremic pruritis treatment[2].

  • CAS Number: 152657-84-6
  • MF: C28H32N2O5
  • MW: 476.56400
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: 1.41g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 700.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 377.6ºC

Glycine-1-13C,15N

Glycine-1-13C,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

  • CAS Number: 112898-03-0
  • MF: C13CH515NO2
  • MW: 75.067
  • Catalog: iGluR
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 240.9±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 240ºC (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 99.5±22.6 °C

Ethyl 7-(Diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxylate

Ethyl 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate is a potent and selective inhibitor of hMAO-B with an IC50 of 45.52 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 28705-46-6
  • MF: C16H19NO4
  • MW: 289.32600
  • Catalog: Monoamine Oxidase
  • Density: 1.204g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 455.6ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 86ºC
  • Flash Point: 229.3ºC

BAN ORL 24

BAN ORL 24 is a potent and selective NOP receptor antagonist. (IC50 values are 0.27, 2500, 6700 and > 10000 nM for NOP, κ-, μ- and δ-receptors respectively). IC50 value: 0.27 nMTarget: NOP receptorBAN ORL 24 inhibits nociceptin-induced stimulation of [35S]-GTPγS binding and Ca2+ mobilization in CHO cells in vitro. BAN ORL 24 antagonizes NOP agonist-induced reduction in locomotor activity in vivo. Brain penetrant.

  • CAS Number: 1401463-54-4
  • MF: C27H37Cl2N3O2
  • MW: 506.508
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Naloxonazine dihydrochloride

Naloxonazine dihydrochloride is a specific μ-opioid receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 5.4 nM. Naloxonazine dihydrochloride also shows anti-leishmanial activity[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 880759-65-9
  • MF: C38H43ClN4O6
  • MW: 687.22400
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LY344864 HCl

LY 344864 hydrochloride is a selective 5-HT1F agonist with a Ki of 6 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1217756-94-9
  • MF: C21H23ClFN3O
  • MW: 387.88
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Propofol-d17

Propofol-d17 (2,6-Diisopropylphenol-d17) is the deuterium labeled Propofol. Propofol potently and directly activates GABAA receptor and inhibits glutamate receptor mediated excitatory synaptic transmission. Propofol has antinociceptive properties and is used for sedation and hypnotic[1].

  • CAS Number: 1261393-54-7
  • MF: C12HD17O
  • MW: 195.376
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 256.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 107.5±7.2 °C

AZD7325

AZD7325 is a potent and orally active partial selective PAM of GABAAα2 and Aα3 receptor (Ki=0.3 and 1.3 nM, respectively), and has less antagonistic efficacy at the Aα1 and Aα5 receptor subtypes[1][4]. AZD7325 is a moderate CYP1A2 and a potent CYP3A4 inducer in vitro[2]. AZD7325 has the potential for the investigation of anxiety and dravet syndrome[3]. PAM: positive allosteric modulator.

  • CAS Number: 942437-37-8
  • MF: C19H19FN4O2
  • MW: 354.378
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GR 94800 TFA

GR 94800 is a potent and selective NK2 receptor peptide antagonist, with pKB values of 9.6, 6.4 and 6.0 for NK2, NK1 and NK3 receptors, respectively[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 141636-65-9
  • MF: C49H61N9O8
  • MW: 904.06400
  • Catalog: Neurokinin Receptor
  • Density: 1.282 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1310.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 746.3ºC

PXS-4681A

A potent, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of SSAO/VAP-1 (AOC3) with Ki of 37 nM, IC50 of <10 nM; displays 250- and 4000-fold selectivity over DAO and LOX; attenuates neutrophil migration, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in mouse models of lung inflammation and localized inflammation;orally activie.

  • CAS Number: 1478364-87-2
  • MF: C10H14ClFN2O3S
  • MW: 296.741
  • Catalog: Monoamine Oxidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3-Methyl-5-[(2S)-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]isoxazole hydrochloride

ABT-418 hydrochloride is a potent and selective agonist of nAChRs with cognitive enhancing and anxiolytic activities. ABT-418 hydrochloride activates cholinergic channel and can be used for research of Alzheimer's disease[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 147388-83-8
  • MF: C9H15ClN2O
  • MW: 202.68100
  • Catalog: nAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 249.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 104.5ºC

CX 614

CX614 is a positive variant modulator of AMPA receptors that enhances excitatory postsynaptic potentials (amplitude and duration) by blocking and slowing the inactivation of responses to glutamate and automatically evokes excitatory postsynaptic currents in neuronal cultures. CX614 can be used in the study of psychiatric disorders such as depression[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 191744-13-5
  • MF: C13H13NO4
  • MW: 247.24700
  • Catalog: iGluR
  • Density: 1.45g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 473.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 240.3ºC

μ opioid receptor agonist 1

μ opioid receptor agonist 1 (Compound H-1a)is an optically pure oxaspiro ring substituted pyrrolopyrazole derivative, acts as a MOR receptor agonist and can be used for the research of pain and pain related diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2667632-83-7
  • MF: C26H38N4O
  • MW: 422.61
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

trazodone hydrochloride

Trazodone HCl is an antidepressant belonging to the class of serotonin receptor antagonists and reuptake inhibitors for treatment of anxiety disorders.Target: 5-HT ReceptorTrazodone is a triazolopyridine derivative, chemically and pharmacologically unrelated to other currently available antidepressants. Trazodone has been successfully used in a small number of patients with depression and pre-existing cardiovascular disease. trazodone has also been used as a hypnotic for psychotropic-induced or other insomnias with some success [1]. Trazodone is an effective hypnotic for patients with antidepressant-associated insomnia [2]. Trazodone may be helpful in men with erectile dysfunction (ED), possibly more so at higher doses, and in men with psychogenic ED. Future high-quality trials should compare trazodone with placebo and other therapies in men with depression and psychogenic ED [3].

  • CAS Number: 25332-39-2
  • MF: C19H23Cl2N5O
  • MW: 408.325
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 528.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 223ºC
  • Flash Point: 273.4ºC

SNC 162

SNC162 is a delta-opioid receptor agonist with an IC50 of 0.94 nM. SNC162 has antidepressant-like effects and produces a selective enhancement of the antinociceptive effects of fentanyl in rhesus monkeys[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 178803-51-5
  • MF: C27H37N3O
  • MW: 419.60
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: 1.027g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 536.4ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 202.4ºC

ABT 724 trihydrochloride

ABT-724 trihydrochloride is a potent and highly selective dopamine D4 receptor agonist with an EC50 of 12.4 nM for human dopamine D4 receptor. ABT-724 trihydrochloride is a potent partial agonist at the rat D4 (EC50 of 14.3 nM) and the ferret D4 receptor (EC50 of 23.2 nM), and has no effect on dopamine D1, D2, D3, or D5 receptors. ABT-724 trihydrochloride could be useful for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and has favorable side-effect profile[1].

  • CAS Number: 587870-77-7
  • MF: C17H22Cl3N5
  • MW: 402.749
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-HT1A modulator 1

5-HT1A modulator 1 displays very high affinities for the 5HT1A, adrenergic α1 and dopamine D2 receptor with IC50s of 2 ±0.3 nM, 10 ± 3 nM and 40 ±9 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 142477-34-7
  • MF: C21H25N3O2S
  • MW: 383.51
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

R 59-022

R 59-022 (DKGI-I) is a diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor (IC50=2.8 μM). R 59-022 is a 5-HTR antagonist, and activates protein kinase C (PKC). R 59-022 potentiates thrombin-induced diacylglycerol production in platelets and inhibits phosphatidic acid production in neutrophils[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 93076-89-2
  • MF: C27H26FN3OS
  • MW: 459.57800
  • Catalog: PKC
  • Density: 1.26g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 619.8ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 328.6ºC

[Pro9]-Substance P

[Pro9]-Substance P is a potent, reversible and selective agonist of NK-1 tachykinin receptors with an EC50 of 0.93 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 104486-69-3
  • MF: C66H102N18O13S
  • MW: 1387.69000
  • Catalog: Neurokinin Receptor
  • Density: 1.43g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Hydrangel 8-O-glucoside

Hydrangenol 8-O-glucoside (Hydrangenol 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) can be isolated from Hydrangea macrophyllu. Hydrangenol 8-O-glucoside is an AChE inhibitor (IC50: 22.66 μM). Hydrangenol 8-O-glucoside inhibits passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 67600-94-6
  • MF: C21H22O9
  • MW: 418.39
  • Catalog: AChE
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 763.7±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 272.0±26.4 °C

SYM2206

SYM 2206 is a novel, potent, non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist (IC50= 2.8 μM).IC50 value: 2.8 μMTarget: AMPA receptorSYM 2206 exerts anticonvulsant effects, elevates the threshold for maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice. TID20 and TID50(threshold increasing doses by 20% and 50%) values for SYM 2206 are 4.25 and 10.56 mg/kg in the MEST test in mice, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 173952-44-8
  • MF: C20H22N4O3
  • MW: 366.41400
  • Catalog: iGluR
  • Density: 1.37g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(RS)-AMPA

(RS)-AMPA ((±)-AMPA) is a glutamate analogue and a potent and selective excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamic acid agonist. (RS)-AMPA does not interfere with binding sites for kainic acid or NMDA receptors[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 77521-29-0
  • MF: C7H10N2O4
  • MW: 186.165
  • Catalog: iGluR
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 425.6±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 240ºC
  • Flash Point: 211.2±28.7 °C

Darifenacin-d4

Darifenacin-d4 is the deuterium labeled Darifenacin[1]. Darifenacin(UK88525) is a selective M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist with pKi of 8.9. IC50 value: 8.9 (pKi)[2].

  • CAS Number: 1095598-84-7
  • MF: C28H26D4N2O2
  • MW: 430.57
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AC260584

AC260584 is an M1 muscarinic receptor allosteric agonist with a pEC50 of 7.6.

  • CAS Number: 560083-42-3
  • MF: C20H29FN2O2
  • MW: 348.45500
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CCG258747

CCG258747 is a selective GRK2 inhibitor (IC50=18 nM) with high selectivity over GRK1, GRK5, PKA, and ROCK1 (518, 83, >5500, and >550–fold, respectively).CCG258747 also blocks the internalization of the µ-opioid receptor. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) are attractive targets for the research of heart failure[1].

  • CAS Number: 2615910-00-2
  • MF: C28H27FN4O4
  • MW: 502.54
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Flupyradifurone

Flupyradifurone is a systemic nAChR agonist that interferes with signal transduction in the central nervous system of sucking pests. Flupyradifurone can be used as a butenolide insecticide[1].

  • CAS Number: 951659-40-8
  • MF: C12H11ClF2N2O2
  • MW: 288.67800
  • Catalog: nAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 69°C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

SB742457

SB742457 is a highly selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist with pKi of 9.63; exhibits >100-fold selectivity over other receptors.IC50 Value: 9.63 (pKi)Target: 5-HT6 ReceptorSB-742457, a 5-HT6 receptor antagonist, which extends into Alzheimer disease (AD) sufferers further highlights the therapeutic promise of this mechanistic approach. Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurological condition characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive performance accompanied by behavioral and psychological syndromes, such as depression and psychosis. With the subsequent development of selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonists, preclinical studies in rodents and primates have elucidated the function of this receptor subtype in more detail. It is increasingly clear that blockade of 5-HT6 receptors leads to an improvement of cognitive performance in a wide variety of learning and memory paradigms and also results in anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activity. SB-742457 is generally safe and well tolerated and may be efficacious in Alzheimer disease.

  • CAS Number: 607742-69-8
  • MF: C19H19N3O2S
  • MW: 353.438
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 608.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 321.7±28.7 °C

Zuclopenthixol

Zuclopenthixol is a thioxanthene derivative which acts as a mixed dopamine D1/D2 receptor antagonist.

  • CAS Number: 53772-83-1
  • MF: C22H25ClN2OS
  • MW: 400.96500
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.289g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 577.4ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 56-60ºC
  • Flash Point: 303ºC