Lanicemine (AZD6765) dihydrochloride is a low-trapping NMDA channel blocker (Ki of 0.56-2.1 μM for NMDA receptor; IC50s of 4-7 μM and 6.4 μM in CHO and Xenopus oocyte cells, respectively). Antidepressant effects[1].
Nevadistinel (NYX-458; NYX-3054) is a positive allosteric modulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Nevadistinel can be used to inhibit cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as mild cognitive impairment, mild Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease[1].
Tiospirone is a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist with affinity for D2, 5-HT1a, and 5-HT7, and sigma receptors. Tiospirone decreases consumption of ethanol while increasing food intake of rats. Tiospirone can also reduce the reinforcing properties of Cocaine exhibited in the conditioned place preference paradigm[1][2].
CTAP is a potent, highly selective, and brain penetrant μ opioid receptor antagonist (IC50=3.5 nM) and displays over 1200-fold selectivity over δ opioid (IC50=4500 nM) and somatostatin receptors. CTAP can be used for the study of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID)[1].
Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OH regulates human immune function and inhibits tumor growth via binding to the opioid receptor.
Tiagabine(NO328) is a selective gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) reuptake inhibitor.Target: GABA reuptake inhibitorTiagabine had an early onset of effect, as shown by significant reduction from baseline in mean HAM-A total score compared with placebo at week 1 (observed cases, p < .05). Tiagabine was generally well tolerated and not associated with changes in sexual functioning or depressive status. Symptoms of a discontinuation syndrome during taper were not observed. Tiagabine may be a useful treatment option for adult patients diagnosed with GAD [1]. Tiagabine was generally well tolerated; the most common adverse events were nausea, dizziness and headaches [2]. Tiagabine (0.1 microM), an antiepileptic drug that specifically inhibits the GAT-1 GABA transporter inhibited GABA uptake 50% in temporal cortex and 60-68% in white structures [3].
Mesyl Salvinorin B is a potent and selective kappa opioid receptor (KOP-r) agonist. Mesyl Salvinorin B prevents the ADE (Alcohol deprivation effect) in mice. Mesyl Salvinorin B dose-dependently reduces alcohol intake and preference in CED (chronic escalation drinking) mice[1][2].
Afoxolaner is an orally active isoxazoline insecticide/acaricide against Ixodes scapularis in dogs. Afoxolaner acts on the insect γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA) and glutamate receptors, inhibiting GABA & glutamate-regulated uptake of chloride ions, resulting in excess neuronal stimulation and death of the arthropod[1][2].
Sarizotan (EMD 128130) is an orally active serotonin 5-HT1A receptor and dopamine receptor agonist. Sarizotan (EMD 128130) exhibits IC50 values of 6.5 nM (rat 5-HT1A), 0.1 nM (human 5-HT1A), 15.1 nM (rat D2), 17 nM (human D2), 6.8 nM (human D3) and 2.4 nM (human D4.2), respectively[1].
ADR 851 is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist,and can be used in research on antiemetics[1].
α-Conotoxin PIA is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist isolated from Conus purpurascens that targets nAChR subtypes containing α6 and α3 subunits. α-Conotoxin PIA has the potential for the research of Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia[1]。
MAO-B-IN-15 is a selective MAO-B inhibitor (IC50: 13.5 μM) that forms π-π interaction with Tyr 326 residue. MAO-B-IN-15 can be used in the research of Parkinson’s disease[1].
BRL-15572 hydrochloride is a selective antagonist of h5-HT1D, displays high affinity for h5-HT1D receptors. BRL-15572 hydrochloride could be useful pharmacological agents to characterise 5-HT1D receptor mediated responses[1].
CHF-6366 is a potent M3 muscarinic antagonist and β2-adrenergic receptors agonist with pKi values of 10.4 and 11.4, respectively. CHF-6366 is also a weak calcium channel inhibitor (IC50~50 μM). CHF-6366 inhibits bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. CHF-6366 can be used to research chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)[1].
LY2183240 is a novel and highly potent blocker of anandamide uptake (IC50 = 270 pM). LY2183240 inhibits fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity (IC50 = 12.4 nM). IC50: 270 pM (anandamide uptake); 12.4 nM (FAAH)Target: FAAH; Anandamide uptakeFollowing i.p. administration in rats, LY2183240 increases brain anandamide concentration and exerts antinociceptive effects in formalin model of pain.
A potent and selective δ-opioid receptor agonist that has high affinity and selectivity for the δ1 subtype with Ki of 1.12 nM; dispalys >1,000-fold selectivity over μOR and κOR; Pain Discontinued
AR-A 2 is a selective 5-HT1B receptor antagonist, with high affinity to guinea pig cortex 5HT1B/1D and recombinant guinea pig 5-HT1B receptors (Ki=0.24 and 0.47 nM) and with 10-fold lower affinity to guinea pig 5-HT1D receptor (Ki, 5 nM), and shows an EC50 of 4.5 nM for the guinea pig 5-HT1B receptor; AR-A 2 can be used in the research of depression and anxiety.
Velusetrag (TD-5108) is a potent, selective and oral 5-HT4 receptor agonist with pKi of 7.7, shows >500-fold selectivity over other 5-HT receptors; displays >25-fold selectivity over other biogenic amine receptors, and no effect on hERG channels; increases the contractility of the canine antrum, duodenum and jejunum with higher potency than tegaserod, demonstrates robust in vivo activity in the guinea pig, rat and dog gastrointestinal tracts. Other Indication Phase 2 Clinical
Ro15-4513, imidazobenzodiazepinone derivative, is a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptor (BZR)[1]. Ro15-4513 is a potent ethanol antagonist[2]. Ro15-4513 has anti-anxiety effect[3].
Tolcapone(Ro 40-7592) is an orally active selective, potent catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor. IC50 value:Target: COMTTolcapone inhibits both central and peripheral COMT. Tolcapone caused a rapid and reversible inhibition of COMT activity in erythrocytes in parallel with a dose-dependent decrease in the formation of 3-OMD. Tolcapone increased the area under the concentration-time curve and elimination half-life of levodopa. Tolcapone crosses the blood-brain barrier, and has been used for L-DOPA adjunct therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Rivastigmine, an cholinesterase inhibitor(IC50= 5.5 uM), inhibits both butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesteraseIC50 value: 5.5 uMTarget: AChERivastigmine is a parasympathomimetic or cholinergic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type and dementia due to Parkinson's disease. The drug can be administered orally or via a transdermal patch; the latter form reduces the prevalence of side effects, which typically include nausea and vomiting. The drug is eliminated through the urine, and appears to have relatively few drug-drug interactions. Rivastigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, inhibits both butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase. It is thought to work by inhibiting these cholinesterase enzymes, which would otherwise break down the brain chemical acetylcholine.
WAY-620147 (compound 6) is an N-(2-morpholinoethyl)nicotinamide derivative that inhibits monoamine oxidase (Monoamine Oxidase). WAY-620147 inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50s of 26 μM and 55 μM, respectively[1].
Isopteropodine is heteroyohimbine-type oxindole alkaloid components of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. Isopteropodine acts as positive modulators of muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors[1].
hMAO-B-IN-4 (compound B10) is a selective, reversible and blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetrable human monoamine oxidase-B (hMAO-B) inhibitor with an IC50 value and a Ki value of 0.067 and 0.03 μM, respectively. hMAO-B-IN-4 inhibits hMAO-A with an IC50 value of 33.82 μM. hMAO-B-IN-4 can be used for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) research[1].
Radiprodil (RGH-896) is an orally active and selective NMDA NR2B antagonist. A potential therapeutic agent in treatment of neuropathic pain and possibly other chronic pain conditions[1].
Protriptyline is a potent antidepressant agent. Protriptyline inhibits AChE activity with IC50 value of 0.06 mM and inhibits Aβ Self-Assembly. Protriptyline can be used for depression and Alzheimers disease[1][2][3].
NBQX disodium (FG9202 disodium) is a highly selective and competitive AMPA receptor antagonist. NBQX disodium has neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activity[1].
SKF 82958 is a D1/D5 receptor full agonist. IC50 value:Target: D1/D5 receptorin vitro: Neuropeptide and immediate early gene expression in striatonigral neurons of the normosensitive striatum is induced by mixed D1 receptor SKF-82958, which induces behavioral activity and preprodynorphin (PPD) and substance P (SP) gene expression in medium spiny neurons in the dorsal, and especially, in the ventral striatum. in vivo:Quantitative in situ hybridization was used to examine the contribution of muscarinic receptors to the transynaptic regulation of striatal gene expression induced by D1receptor activation. The acute injection of the full D1 agonist, SKF-82958, would induce PPD, SP and PPE mRNA expression in the intact rat striatum.
Fluoroethylnormemantine hydrochloride, a derivative of Memantine, is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. [18F]-Fluoroethylnormemantine hydrochloride can be used as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer. Fluoroethylnormemantine hydrochloride exhibits anti-amnesic, neuroprotective, antidepressant-like and fear-attenuating effects[1][2][3].
Ethyl dirazepate is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has anxiolytic and hypnotic and possibly other characteristic benzodiazepine properties.