Metabolic pathways are enzyme-mediated biochemical reactions that lead to biosynthesis (anabolism) or breakdown (catabolism) of natural product small molecules within a cell or tissue. In each pathway, enzymes catalyze the conversion of substrates into structurally similar products. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. Metabolism maintains the living state of the cells and the organism.

Proteases are used throughout an organism for various metabolic processes. Proteases control a great variety of physiological processes that are critical for life, including the immune response, cell cycle, cell death, wound healing, food digestion, and protein and organelle recycling. On the basis of the type of the key amino acid in the active site of the protease and the mechanism of peptide bond cleavage, proteases can be classified into six groups: cysteine, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, aspartate proteases, as well as matrix metalloproteases. Proteases can not only activate proteins such as cytokines, or inactivate them such as numerous repair proteins during apoptosis, but also expose cryptic sites, such as occurs with β-secretase during amyloid precursor protein processing, shed various transmembrane proteins such as occurs with metalloproteases and cysteine proteases, or convert receptor agonists into antagonists and vice versa such as chemokine conversions carried out by metalloproteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and some cathepsins. In addition to the catalytic domains, a great number of proteases contain numerous additional domains or modules that substantially increase the complexity of their functions.

Imbalances in metabolic activities have been found to be critical in a number of pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

References:
[1] Turk B, et al. EMBO J. 2012 Apr 4;31(7):1630-43.
[2] Eatemadi A, et al. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Feb;86:221-231.


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15-PGDH-IN-1

15-PGDH-IN-1 is a potent and orally active 15-PGDH inhibitior. 15-PGDH-IN-1 has inhibition activity against recombinant human 15-PGDH with an IC50 value of 3 nM. 15-PGDH-IN-1 can be used for the research of tissue repair and regeneration[1].

  • CAS Number: 2241676-74-2
  • MF: C24H22N4O2
  • MW: 398.46
  • Catalog: 15-PGDH
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

IACS-8968 S-enantiomer

IACS-8968 (S-enantiomer) is the S-enantiomer of IACS-8968. IACS-8968 is a dual IDO and TDO inhibitor, with pIC50s of 6.43 for IDO and <5 for TDO, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 2239305-70-3
  • MF: C17H18F3N5O2
  • MW: 381.35
  • Catalog: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-pNA

Suc-AAPA-pNA is a substrate of chymotrypsin Aα. Suc-AAPA-pNA can be used to test chymotrypsin Aα activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 72682-69-0
  • MF: C24H32N6O9
  • MW: 548.55
  • Catalog: Ser/Thr Protease
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Seneciphylline

Seneciphylline is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid in Senecio plants[1]. Seneciphylline significantly increases the activities of epoxide hydrase and glutathione-S-transferase but causes reduction of cytochrome P-450 and related monooxygenase activities[2].

  • CAS Number: 480-81-9
  • MF: C18H23NO5
  • MW: 333.379
  • Catalog: Cytochrome P450
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 577.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 217ºC
  • Flash Point: 303.2±30.1 °C

SQ 28853

SQ 28853 is an inhibitor of ACE with diuretic properties.

  • CAS Number: 107550-68-5
  • MF: C19H25ClN4NaO6S3
  • MW: 560.05
  • Catalog: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Enalaprilat Dihydrate

Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with IC50 of 1.94 nM.Target: ACEEnalaprilat has high affinity for human endothelial ACE with IC50 of 1.94 nM in vitro binding assay by displacing a saturating concentration of [125I]351A, a radiolabeled lisinopril analogue from ACE binding sites, and shows bradykinin/angiotensin I selectivity ratio of 1.00 calculated from double displacement experiments [1]. Enalaprilat attenuates the IGF-I induced neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast growth (30% reduction) in a concentration-dependent fashion, with IC50 of 90 mM [2].Administration of Enalaprilat induces a significant reduction of MAP at 70 minutes compared with the placebo group during haemorrhagic shock in rats, and results in a 50% reduction of CO, a general tendency of EB extravasation which is significant in the kidney and lungs, and a significant increase in ileal EB extravasation (53%) [3].

  • CAS Number: 84680-54-6
  • MF: C18H28N2O7
  • MW: 384.424
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 563.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 211-215°C
  • Flash Point: 294.6ºC

SSR 69071

SSR69071 is a potent, orally active and selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. SSR69071 reduces myocardial infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion injury[1]. SSR69071 displays a higher affinity for human elastase (Ki=0.0168 nM) than for rat (Ki=3 nM), mouse (Ki=1.8 nM), and rabbit (Ki= 58 nM) elastases[2].

  • CAS Number: 344930-95-6
  • MF: C27H32N4O7S
  • MW: 556.63100
  • Catalog: Elastase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Compound 48/80 (hydrochloride)

Compound 48/80 trihydrochloride (C48/80 trihydrochloride) is a mixture of condensation products of N-methyl-p-methoxyphenethylamine with formaldehyde. Compound 48/80 trihydrochloride is also a histamine releaser and a mast cell degranulator. Compound 48/80 inhibits phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity from human platelets [1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 848035-21-2
  • MF: C32H48Cl3N3O3
  • MW: 629.10
  • Catalog: Phospholipase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696)

LCZ696 is a dual angiotensin II receptor and neprilysin inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 936623-90-4
  • MF: C48H60N6Na3O10.5
  • MW: 957.99
  • Catalog: Angiotensin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

IPI-504

Retaspimycin Hydrochloride is a potent and water-soluble inhibitor of Hsp90 with EC50s of 119 nM for both Hsp90 and Grp9.

  • CAS Number: 857402-63-2
  • MF: C31H46ClN3O8
  • MW: 624.17
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TPN729MA

TPN729MA (TPN729 maleate) is a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.28 nM. TPN729MA affects erectile function and it can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction[1].

  • CAS Number: 1422955-52-9
  • MF: C29H40N6O8S
  • MW: 632.73
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

L-Ascorbic Acid 2-phosphate (magnesium salt hydrate)

L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid) magnesium hydrate is a long-acting vitamin C derivative that can stimulate collagen formation and expression. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium hydrate can be used as a culture medium supplement for the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium hydrate increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runx2A in hASCs during the osteogenic differentiation[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1713265-25-8
  • MF: C12H12Mg3O18P2·xH2O
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Phosphatase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PDE1-IN-2

PDE1-IN-2 is an inhibitor of PDE1 extracted from patent WO2016/55618 A1, example 31; has IC50 values of 6, 140 and 164 nM for PDE1C, PDE1B and PDE1A, respectvely.

  • CAS Number: 1904611-63-7
  • MF: C16H21BrN4O2
  • MW: 381.267
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 563.8±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 294.8±32.9 °C

LEI-401

LEI-401 is a first-in-class, selective, and CNS-active NAPE-PLD (N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 27 nM. LEI-401 modulates emotional behavior in mice[1].

  • CAS Number: 2393840-15-6
  • MF: C24H31N5O2
  • MW: 421.54
  • Catalog: Phospholipase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AZD-7295

AZD-7295 is a HCV NS5A protein inhibitor, with an EC50 of 7 nM for GT-1b replicon[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 929890-64-2
  • MF: C32H35F3N4O5S
  • MW: 644.70
  • Catalog: HCV Protease
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BMS-764459

BMS-764459 is a CRF1 antagonist. BMS-764459 can be used for the research of neurological disorders such as depression and anxiety. BMS-764459 is also an atypical CYP1A1 inducer[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1188407-45-5
  • MF: C19H21F2N5O3
  • MW: 405.39900
  • Catalog: CRFR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AT13387

Onalespib (AT13387) is a potent inhibitor of Hsp90, with a Kd of 0.71 nM.

  • CAS Number: 912999-49-6
  • MF: C24H31N3O3
  • MW: 409.521
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 605.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 320.1±31.5 °C

IDH1 Inhibitor 7

IDH1 Inhibitor 7 (Compound 88) is an IDH1 inhibitor with an IC50 of less than 100 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 2135309-56-5
  • MF: C22H24F3N7O
  • MW: 459.47
  • Catalog: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Calpain Inhibitor VI

Calpain Inhibitor VI (SJA6017) is a synthesized peptide aldehyde inhibitor of calpain. Calpain Inhibitor VI inhibits purified m-calpain with the IC50 of 80 nM. Calpain Inhibitor VI can be used for the research of cataract[1].

  • CAS Number: 190274-53-4
  • MF: C17H25FN2O4S
  • MW: 372.455
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SP-Chymostatin B

SP-Chymostatin B is a potent inhibitor of many proteases, including chymotrypsin, papain, chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases, chymases, and lysosomal cysteine proteinases. It weakly inhibits human leucocyte elastase. It is effective at a final concentration of 100 to 200 μg/ml (10 to 100 μM).

  • CAS Number: 70857-49-7
  • MF: C30H41N7O6
  • MW: 595.701
  • Catalog: Elastase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MAO A/HSP90-IN-2

MAO A/HSP90-IN-2 (compound 4-C) is a dual inhibitor of HSP90and MAO A with the IC50 values of 0.016 and 4.58 μM, respectively. MAO A/HSP90-IN-2 increases HSP70 expression and reduces HER2 and phospho-Akt expression, and decreases IFN-γ induced PD-L1 expression in GL26 cells. MAO A/HSP90-IN-2 inhibits the growth of Temozolomide (HY-17364) -sensitive and -resistant GBM cells, colon cancer, leukemia, non-small cell lung and other cancers, and has potential to inhibit tumor immune escape[1].

  • CAS Number: 2927489-99-2
  • MF: C25H31ClN2O4
  • MW: 458.98
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PDE10-IN-1

PDE10-IN-1 is a potent PDE10-IN-1 inhibitor extracted from Patent WO 2013192273 A1, for treating CNS and metabolic disorders.

  • CAS Number: 1516896-09-5
  • MF: C21H19N7
  • MW: 369.422
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

beta-Rhamnocitrin

Rhamnetin is a quercetin derivative found in Coriandrum sativum, inhibits secretory phospholipase A2, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 90-19-7
  • MF: C16H12O7
  • MW: 316.26200
  • Catalog: Phospholipase
  • Density: 1.634g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 627.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 293-296°C (dec.)
  • Flash Point: 238.9ºC

3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid

3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid, a stable vitamin C derivative, is a cosmetic tyrosinase tnhibitor with a whitening capacity. 3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid also has antioxidant abilities[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 86404-04-8
  • MF: C8H12O6
  • MW: 204.177
  • Catalog: Tyrosinase
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 551.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 112.0 to 116.0 °C
  • Flash Point: 228.5±23.6 °C

LG100268

LG100268 (LG268) is a potent, selective and orally active retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist with EC50 values of 4 nM, 3 nM, and 4 nM for RXR-α, RXR-β, and RXR-γ, respectively[1]. LG100268 displays >1000-fold selectivity for RXR over RAR, the Ki values are 3.4 nM, 6.2 nM and 9.2 nM for RXR-α, RXR-β, and RXR-γ, respectively[2]. LG100268 activates RXR homodimers to induce transcriptional activation. LG100268 can be used for the study of lung carcinogenesisy[3].

  • CAS Number: 153559-76-3
  • MF: C24H29NO2
  • MW: 363.49300
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.115g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 487ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 275-277ºC
  • Flash Point: 248.3ºC

IS-741

Fuzapladib (IS-741) is a potent phospholipase A2 inhibitor. Fuzapladib can block the adhesion of inflammatory cells to microvascular endothelial cells, inhibit the infiltration of neutrophils into the pancreas or acute pancreatitis, and has anti-acute pancreatitis effects[1].

  • CAS Number: 141283-87-6
  • MF: C15H20F3N3O3S
  • MW: 379.39800
  • Catalog: Phospholipase
  • Density: 1.411g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AKB-6899

AKB-6899, a prolyl hydroxylase domain 3 (PHD3) inhibitor, is a selective HIF-2α stabilizer. AKB-6899 also increases soluble form of the VEGF receptor (sVEGFR-1) production from GM-CSF-treated macrophages, and has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects[1].

  • CAS Number: 1007377-55-0
  • MF: C14H11FN2O4
  • MW: 290.25
  • Catalog: HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone

3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP), isolated from Picea Schrenkiana Needles exhibits a strong suppressive action against tyrosinase activity, with an IC50 of 10 μM. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) is a vasoactive agent and antioxidant[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1197-09-7
  • MF: C8H8O3
  • MW: 152.147
  • Catalog: Tyrosinase
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 372.4±27.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 117 °C
  • Flash Point: 193.2±20.2 °C

Lp-PLA2-IN-6

Lp-PLA2-IN-6 (compound 18), a tetracyclic pyrimidinone compound, is a potent Lp-PLA2 inhibitor with a pIC50 of 10.0 for rhLp-PLA2. Lp-PLA2-IN-6 has the potential for neurodegenerative related diseases research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2637485-13-1
  • MF: C25H21F5N4O3
  • MW: 520.45
  • Catalog: Phospholipase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

h-NTPDase8-IN-1

h-NTPDase8-IN-1 (compound 2d) is a sulfamoyl-benzamides based and selective inhibitor for h-NTPDases8 (IC50=0.28 μM). h-NTPDases8 is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological functions,such as thrombosis,diabetes,inflammation,and cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 716358-51-9
  • MF: C10H10ClNO4S
  • MW: 275.71
  • Catalog: Phosphatase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A