Furafylline is a potent and selective inhibitor of human cytochrome P450IA2 with an IC50 of 0.07 μM.
FXIa-IN-7 is a selective and orally bioavailable factor XIa inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.4 nM.
YZ129 is an inhibitor of the HSP90-calcineurin-NFAT pathway against glioblastoma, directly binding to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with an IC50 of 820 nM on NFAT nuclear translocation. YZ129-induced GBM cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase promotes apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration[1].
Wedelolactone, a natural product from Ecliptae herba, suppresses LPS-induced caspase-11 expression by directly inhibiting the IKK Complex[1]. Wedelolactone inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) (IC50~2.5 μM) activity by an oxygen radical scavenging mechanism. Wedelolactone induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of PKCε without inhibiting Akt[2]. Anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities[3].
cis-Mulberroside A (Mulberroside D) is the cis-isomer of Mulberroside A. Mulberroside A is one of the main bioactive constituent in mulberry (Morus alba L.)[1]. Mulberroside A decreases the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and inhibits the activation of NALP3, caspase-1, and NF-κB and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38, exhibiting anti-inflammatory antiapoptotic effects[2]. Mulberroside A shows inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 of 53.6 μM[3].
Glucosamine-2-13C hydrochloride is the 13C labeled Glucosamine hydrochloride. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as
(3R)-7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chromane is a homoisoflavonoid. (3R)-7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chromane increases the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. (3R)-7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chromane promotes mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) osteogenesis, but cannot enhance MSCs proliferation. (3R)-7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chromane can be used for osteoporosis research[1].
Vesnarinone is a quinolinone derivative, and its pharmacodynamic effects include inhibition of phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) activity, increases in calcium flux and decreases in potassium flux.IC50 value: 1.1 μM (for HERG current)Target: PDE3in vitro: HERG current is inhibited by Vesnarinone with an IC50 of 1.1 μM, whereas KvLQT1/minK current is not significantly depressed by Vesnarinone even at 30 μM. The IC50 value for Vesnarinone inhibition of HERG channels is 1 μM. The IC50 for Vesnarinone inhibition of PDE is reported to be 300 μM. [1] Vesnarinone is a novel cytokine inhibitor, for the treatment of lung fibrosis using a murine model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Vesnarinone inhibits BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, at least in part, by the inhibition of acute lung injuries in the early phase. [2] Vesnarinone is a new and novel inotropic drug that has unique and complex mechanisms of action. Vesnarinone inhibits phosphodiesterase, thereby leading to increased intracellular calcium, and also affects numerous myocardial ion channels, resulting in the prolongation of the opening time of sodium channels and the decrease in the delayed outward and inward rectifying potassium current. Vesnarinone has also demonstrated significant effects on cytokine production, which may account for some of its observed clinical benefits.[3] Vesnarinone plays an important role in the regulation of cytokines and suggest that the reduction of cytokine release may contribute to the beneficial effects of the drug in the treatment of heart failure. Vesnarinone inhibits the production of TFN-a and IFN-y by LPS stimulated whole blood from patients with heart failure and from healthy volunteers. [4]in vivo: Vesnarinone reduces the circulating levels of TNF-α. Cumulative evidence showed that a variety of cytokine are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. [2]
HX600 is a synthetic agonist for RXR (Retinoid X Receptor) heterodimer complex. HX600 prevents ischemia-induced neuronal damage. HX600 has orally bioactivity[1].
Anticancer agent 142 (compound 235) is a PTPN inhibitor, with the potential to study cancer[1].
Ac-ANW-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for immunoproteasome. Ac-ANW-AMC can be used to measure β5i activity (Ex=345 nm, Em=445 nm)[1][2].
HSP90-IN-27 (compound 19) is an HSP90 inhibitor[1].
Cerivastatin is a synthetic lipid-lowering agent and a highly potent, well-tolerated and orally active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, with a Ki of 1.3 nM/L. Cerivastatin reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Cerivastatin also inhibits proliferation and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells, mainly by RhoA inhibition, and has anti-cancer effect[1][2][3].
MSI-1436 lactate is a selective, non-competitive inhibitor of the enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTB-1B), with an IC50 of 1 μM, 200-fold preference over TC-PTP (IC50 of 224 μM).
CAY10594 is a potent phospholipase D2 (PLD2) inhibitor both in vitro (IC50=140 nM) and in cells (IC50=110 nM)[1]. CAY10594 strongly inhibits the invasive migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by regulating the phosphorylated-GSK-3β/JNK axis[2].
Carbazeran, a potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is aldehyde oxidase substrate. Carbazeran can be used for the research of metabolic disease[1].
Sp-cAMPS triethylamine, a cAMP analog, is potent activator of cAMP-dependent PKA I and PKA II. Sp-cAMPS triethylamine is also a potent, competitive phosphodiesterase (PDE3A) inhibitor with a Ki of 47.6 µM. Sp-cAMPS triethylamine binds the PDE10 GAF domain with an EC50 of 40 μM[1][2][3].
MK-0941 is a potent, orally active and allosteric glucokinase activator, with EC50s of 240 and 65 nM for recombinant human glucokinase in the presence of 2.5 and 10 mM glucose, respectively. MK-0941 has potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes[1].
Benzylacetone is an aromatic compound from agarwood[1]. Benzylacetone exhibits potent and reversible antityrosinase (mushroom) activity， with IC50s of 2.8 mM and 0.6 mM for monophenolase and diphenolase, respectively[2]. Benzylacetone has appetite-enhancing and locomotor-reducing effects[3].
Ac-WLA-AMC is a specific 20S constitutive proteasome β5 fluorogenic substrate[1].
AMP-PCP disodium is an ATP analogue and can bind to Hsp90 N-terminal domain with a Kd value of 3.8 μM. AMP-PCP disodium binding favors the formation of the active homodimer of Hsp90[1].
Avasimibe is an oral inhibitor of acyl-Coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) with IC50s of 24 and 9.2 µM for ACAT1 and ACAT2, respectively.
PF-06424439 methanesulfonate is an oral, potent and selective imidazopyridine diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14 nM[1]. PF-06424439 methanesulfonate is slowly reversible, time-dependent inhibitor, which inhibits DGAT2 in a noncompetitive mode with respect to the acyl-CoA substrate[2].
EMT inhibitor-2 (Compound 1) inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by substances such as IL-1β and TGF-β released from the immunocytes. EMT inhibitor-2 inhibits CYP3A4 testosteron and CYP2C9 with IC50s of 49.72 and 5.54 μM, respectively[1].
(±)-ML 209 (compound 4n), a diphenylpropanamide, is a retinoic acid-related orphan receptor RORγ antagonist with an IC50 of 1.1 μM. (±)-ML 209 inhibits RORγt transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 300 nM in HEK293t cells. (±)-ML 209 inhibits the transcriptional activity of RORγt, but not RORα in cells. (±)-ML 209 selectively inhibits murine Th17 cell differentiation without affecting the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into other lineages, including Th1 and regulatory T cells[1].
Fluorobexarotene (compound 20) is a potent retinoid-X-receptor (RXR) agonist, with a Ki value of 12 nM and an EC50 value of 43 nM for RXRα receptor. Fluorobexarotene possesses an apparent RXR binding affinity that is 75% greater than Bexarotene[1].
L-Adenosine is a metabolically stable enantiomeric analog and also is a potential probe. L-Adenosine has weakly inhibitory adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity with an Ki value of 385 μM. L-Adenosine can be used for the research of adenosine uptake and accumulation[1].
7ß,27-Dihydroxycholesterol (7β, 27-OHC) is a potent and selective activator of RORγt (Ki=120 nM). 7ß,27-Dihydroxycholesterol promotes the differentiation of mouse and human CD4+ Th17 cells. 7ß,27-Dihydroxycholesterol also increases the production of IL-17 depended on CYP27A1[1].
Amifostine trihydrate (WR2721 trihydrate) is a broad-spectrum cytoprotective agent and a radioprotector. Amifostine trihydrate selectively protects normal tissues from damage caused by radiation and chemotherapy. Amifostine trihydrate is potent hypoxia-inducible factor-α1 (HIF-α1) and p53 inducer. Amifostine trihydrate protects cells from damage by scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals. Amifostine trihydrate reduces renal toxicity and has antiangiogenic action[1][2][3][4].
ALDH2 modulator 1 is a potent and orally active aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) modulator. ALDH2 modulator 1 reduces blood alcohol levels in mice[1].