Esculentoside B (Phytolaccoside B) is a natural product from the roots of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. Esculentoside B is neurotoxic to zebrafish larvae, and impairs their central nervous system development. Esculentoside B inhibits inflammatory response and has antifungal activity[1][2][3].
PF-04880594 is a potent and selective RAF inhibitor. PF-04880594 inhibits both wild-type and mutant BRAF and CRAF. PF-04880594 shows antitumor activity[1].
MEK/PI3K-IN-2 (compound 6s) is a potent MEK/PI3K inhibitor, with IC50 values of 352 nM (MEK1), 107 nM (PI3Kα), and 137 nM (PI3Kδ), respectively. MEK/PI3K-IN-2 suppresses pAKT and pERK1/2 levels. MEK/PI3K-IN-2 shows anti-proliferative activity against tumor cell lines[1].
FMK-MEA is a potent and selective p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) inhibitor.
ERK2 IN-1 is a selective ERK2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 7 nM[1].
GS-444217 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) with an IC50 of 2.87±0.85 nM[1].
MK-2 Inhibitor III (compound 16) is an orally active, selective, and ATP-competitive MAPKAP-K2 (MK-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.85 nM, and is exceptional selectivity against MK-3 (IC50=0.21 μM), MK-5 (IC50=0.081 μM), ERK2 (IC50=3.44 μM), MNK1(IC50=5.7 μM) as well as CDK2, JNK2, IKK2, MSK1, and MSK2[1].
Ulixertinib hydrochloride is a potent, orally active, highly selective, ATP-competitive and reversible covalent inhibitor of ERK1/2 kinases, with an IC50 of <0.3 nM against ERK2. Ulixertinib hydrochloride inhibits the phosphorylated ERK2 (pERK) and downstream kinase RSK (pRSK) in an A375 melanoma cell line[1][2].
Pamapimod is a novel p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. Pamapimod inhibited p38α and p38β enzymatic activity, with IC50 values of 0.014 ± 0.002 and 0.48 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. Pamapimod is p38 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.06μM in THP-1 cell.IC50: 0.014 ± 0.002 and 0.48 ± 0.04 μM(p38α and p38β enzymatic activity,respectively.)IC50:0.06μM (THP-1 cell)[1]In vitro: Pamapimod inhibited p38α and p38β enzymatic activity, with IC50 values of 0.014 ± 0.002 and 0.48 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. There was no activity against p38δ or p38γ isoforms. When profiled across 350 kinases, pamapimod bound only to four kinases in addition to p38. Cellular potency was assessed using phosphorylation of heat shock protein-27 and c-Jun as selective readouts for p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), respectively. Pamapimod inhibited p38 (IC50, 0.06 μM), but inhibition of JNK was not detected.Pamapimod also inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α production by monocytes, interleukin (IL)-1β production in human whole blood, and spontaneous TNFα production by synovial explants from RA patients. LPS- and TNFα-stimulated production of TNFα and IL-6 in rodents also was inhibited by pamapimod. [1]In vivo: In murine collagen-induced arthritis, pamapimod reduced clinical signs of inflammation and bone loss at 50 mg/kg or greater. In a rat model of hyperalgesia, pamapimod increased tolerance to pressure in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting an important role of p38 in pain associated with inflammation. Finally, an analog of pamapimod that has equivalent potency and selectivity inhibited renal disease in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. [1]
TAK1/MAP4K2 inhibitor 1 is a potent dual TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP4K2) inhibitor, with IC50s of 41.1 nM and 18.2 nM, respectively.
Torilin is a sesquiterpene with antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Torilin inhibits LPS-induced NO release, as well as inhibiting iNOS, PGE2, COX-2, NF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and GM-CSF. Torilin suppresses NF-kB and AP-1 translocation, inhibits TAK1 kinase activation. Subsequently results suppression of MAPK-mediated JNK, p38, ERK1/2, and AP-1 (ATF-2 and c-jun) activation and IKK-mediated I-κBα degradation, p65/p50 activation, and translocation[1].
TIC10 is a potent, orally active, and stable TRAIL inducer, also inhibits Akt and ERK activity.
BI-882370 is a potent and selective RAF kinase inhibitor that binds to the ATP binding site of the kinase positioned in the DFG-out (inactive) conformation of the BRAF kinase. BI-882370 (BI 882370) inhibits the oncogenic BRAFV600E-mutant, the WT BRAF and CRAF kinases with IC50s of 0.4, 0.8, and 0.6 nM, respectively. BI-882370 also inhibits SRC family kinases[1].
HPK1-IN-37 (compound A85) is an inhibitor of HPK1 (IC50=3.7 nM). HPK1-IN-37 can be used for research in HPK1 related disorders or diseases including cancers[1].
18:0-22:6 DG (1-Stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycerol) is a diacylglycerol that can bind to RasGRP and modulate MAP kinases activation[1].
PLX7922, a RAF inhibitor, can bind with BRAFV600E. PLX7922 inhibits pERK in BRAFV600E cell lines, and activates pERK in mutant NRAS cell lines[1].
Ralimetinib (LY2228820) is a potent and selective, ATP-competitive inhibitor of p38 MAPK α/β, with IC50s of 5.3 and 3.2 nM, respectively. Ralimetinib (LY2228820) selectively inhibits phosphorylation of MK2 (Thr334), with no effect on phosphorylation of p38α MAPK, JNK, ERK1/2, c-Jun, ATF2, or c-Myc[1].
GSK1790627 is the N-deacetylated metabolite of Trametinib (HY-10999). Trametinib is an orally active MEK inhibitor, and activates autophagy and induces apoptosis[1].
B-Raf IN 10 (Compound C09) is a BRAF inhibitor with an IC50 between 50 and 100 nM. B-Raf IN 10 shows antitumor activity[1].
DL-Syringaresinol ((±)-Syringaresinol), a lignin, inhibits UVA-induced upregulation of MMP-1 by suppressing MAPK/AP-1 signaling in human HaCaT keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). DL-Syringaresinol has antiphotoaging properties against UVA-induced skin aging. DL-Syringaresinol exhibits weak antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv[1][2].
AS601245 is a JNK Inhibitor with IC50s of 150, 220, and 70 nM for three JNK human isoforms (hJNK1, hJNK2, and hJNK3), respectively.
Hydrangenol is an orally active antiphotoaging compound. It can be isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves. Hydrangenol prevents wrinkle formation by reducing MMP and inflammatory cytokine expression and increasing moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes level[1].
Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside isolated from Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck leaves. Rhoifolin is beneficial for diabetic complications through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation[1]. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways[2].
Bisindolylmaleimide V is a cell-permeable negative control for protein kinase C inhibition studies with an IC50 value over 100 µM[1]. Bisindolylmaleimide V blocks the activation of mitogen-stimulated protein kinase p70s6k/p85s6k (S6K) in vivo with an IC50 of 8 µM[2].
Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl ferulate) is a derivative of ferulic acid, isolated from Stemona tuberosa, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties[1][2]. Ferulic acid methyl ester is a cell membrane and brain permeable compound, shows free radical scavenging ability, used in the research of neurodegenerative disorders[1]. Ferulic acid methyl ester inhibits COX-2 expression, blocks p-p38 and p-JNK in primary bone marrow derived-macrophages[2].
Insulin Detemir is an artificial insulin, shows effect on controlling blood sugar levels. Insulin Detemir stimulates GLP-1 secretion as a consequence of enhanced Gcg expression by a mechanism involving activation of Akt- and/or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent-cat and CREB signaling pathways. Insulin Detemir can be used for type 2 diabetes research[1][2].
Macranthoin G is an inhibitor of p38 MAPK. Macranthoin G protects the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ or hydrogen peroxide in neuronal cells by downregulating p38 MAPK. Macranthoin G can used in study Alzheimer’s Disease[1].
B-Raf IN 5 (compound 3b) is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase B-Raf with an IC50 of 2.0 nM. B-Raf IN 5 is devoid of binding to the secondary target PXR and resists rapid metabolism. B-Raf IN 6 has the potential for the research of cancer disease[1].
LY-2584702 free base is a selective ATP competitive inhibitor of p70S6K with an IC50 of 4 nM. In S6K1 enzyme assay, the IC50 of LY-2584702 is 2 nM.
GNE-6893 is a potent and orally active HPK1 inhibitor. GNE-6893 can be used in research of cancer[1].