VU0424465 is a potent and partial PAM (positive allosteric modulator)-agonist for mGlu5 mediated iCa2+ mobilization. VU0424465 exhibits high affinity at MPEP allosteric binding site, with a Ki value of 11.8 nM. VU0424465 is also a agonist for pERK1/2 in cortical neurons[1][2].
mGluR2 antagonist 1 is a highly potent, orally bioavailable and selective class of mGluR2 negative allosteric modulator (IC50 of 9 nM) with excellent brain permeability[1].
mGluR2 modulator 1 (compound 95) is a potent and BBB-penetrated mGluR2 (metabotropic glutamate receptor-2) positive allosteric modulator, with an EC50 of 0.03 μM. mGluR2 modulator 1 can be used for psychosis research[1].
Foliglurax (PXT002331) is a highly selective and potent, brain-penetrant mGluR4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with an EC50 of 79 nM[1]. Antiparkinsonian effect[1].
(S)-4CPG ((S)-4-Carboxyphenylglycine) is a potent mGluR2 agonist. (S)-4CPG reduces hyperalgesia and allodynia associated with sciatic nerve contraction injury in rats. (S)-4CPG can be used in research on neurological diseases[1][2].
LY354740 is a highly potent and selective group II (mGlu2/3) receptor agonist with IC50s of 5 and 24 nM on transfected human mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors, respectively.
LY3020371 hydrochloride is a potent, selective metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor (mGlu2/3) antagonist with Ki of 5.3 and 2.5 nM, potently blocks cAMP formation with IC50 of 16.2 nM[1]. LY3020371 hydrochloride exerts an antidepressant-like signature in vivo[2].
MTPG is a potent mGluR2 and mGluR3 antagonist. MTPG can block the induction of brain ischemic tolerance induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning. MTPG also significantly attenuates the inhibitory effect of L-CCG-1 on the KCl-evoked dopamine release[1].
L-Cysteinesulfinic acid is a potent agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) with pEC50s of 3.92±0.03, 4.6±0.2, 3.9±0.2, 2.7±0.2, 4.0±0.2, and 3.94±0.08 for mGluR1, mGluR5, mGluR2, mGluR4, mGluR6, and mGluR8, respectively.
MPEP hydrochloride is a potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype with IC50 of 36 nM.IC50 Value: 36 nMTarget: mGluRin vitro: MPEP has no appreciable agonist or antagonist activity at the closely related recombinant human mGlu1b receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells or a purinoreceptor endogenously expressed in L(tk-) cells up to concentrations of 100 μM. Furthermore, MPEP shows no appreciable agonist or antagonist activity in cAMP accumulation or [35S]-GTPγS binding assays at the recombinant human group II and III metabotropic receptors (human mGlu2, -3, -4a, -6, -7b, -8a) as well as the human NMDA (NMDAR1A/2A, -1A/2B), rat AMPA (GluR3) and human kainate (GluR6) receptor subtypes. In slices of rat neonatal hippocampus, striatum, and cortex but not cerebellum, MPEP inhibits DHPG-stimulated PI hydrolysis with IC50 of 8.0 nM, 20.5 nM, and 17.9 nM, respectively. MPEP positively modulates the hmGluR4 in a recombinant expression system, and the effect of MPEP is fully dependent on the activation of the orthosteric agonist L-AP4.in vivo: MPEP (1-30 mg/kg) induces anxiolytic-like effects in the conflict drinking test and the elevated plus-maze test in rats as well as in the four-plate test in mice. MPEP (1-20 mg/kg) shortens the immobility time in a tail suspension test in mice, but it is inactive in the behavioural despair test in rats. MPEP has no effect on locomotor activity or motor coordination. MPEP significantly reduces fmr1 but not wild-type center square entries and duration. In open field tests, MPEP reduces fmr1tm1Cgr center field behavior to one indistinguishable from wild-type. MPEP produces a significant reduction of total locomotor activity in three of four groups tested, at both 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg.
mGluR5 antagonist-1 (compound 10) is a high-affinity mGluR5 antagonist, with an IC50 value of 11.5 nM. mGluR5 antagonist-1 has anti-depressant effect[1].
MMPIP is an allosteric metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) selective antagonist (KB values 24 -30 nM). MMPIP acts as a pharmacological tool for elucidating the roles of mGluR7 on central nervous system functions. MMPIP alleviates pain and normalizes affective and cognitive behavior in neuropathic mice[1][2].
L-Glutamine-15N2 (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide-15N2) is the 15N-labeled L-Glutamine. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2].
MPPG is a potent and selective L-AP4-sensitive receptor antagonist with an kD value of 9.2 μM, being tested on the neonatal rat spinal cord[1].
LSN2814617 is an orally active, potent, brain-penetrant, and selective mGlu5 (metabotropic glutamate 5) positive allosteric modulator (PAM), with EC50 values of 52 nM (Human mGlu5) and 42 nM (rat mGlu5). LSN2814617 shows wake-promoting effect. LSN2814617 can be used for schizophrenia research[1].
(S)-3,5-DHPG is a weak, but selective group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) agonist with Ki values of 0.9 µM and 3.9 µM for mGluR1a and mGluR5a, respectively[1]. (S)-3,5-DHPG exhibits anxiolytic activity in rats subjected to hypoxia[2].
VU-29 is a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor (EC50=9 nM and Ki=244 nM for rmGluR5). VU-29 is selective for mGluR5 relative to other mGluR subtypes (EC50: rmGluR1/rmGluR2=557 nM/1.5 μM; hmGluR4=154 nM)[1][2].
VU0361747 is a positive allosteric modulators (PAM) of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5).
cis-ACPD is a potent agonist of NMDA receptor, with an IC50 of 3.3 μM. And it is also a selective agonist of group II mGluR, with EC50s of 13 μM and 50 μM for mGluR2 and mGluR4, respectively[1][2].
LY3027788 hydrochloride, a diester analog of LY3020371 which is an mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist, is a potent and orally active prodrug of LY3020371. LY3027788 hydrochloride has antidepressant efficacy[1][2].
(-)-Camphoric acid is the less active enantiomer of Camphoric acid. Camphoric acid stimulates osteoblast differentiation and induces glutamate receptor expression. Camphoric acid also significantly induced the activation of NF-κB and AP-1[1].
Kainic acid hydrate is a potent excitotoxic agent. Kainic acid hydrate also is an agonist for a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor. Kainic acid hydrate induces seizures[1][2].
VU0364770 hydrochloride is a selective and potent positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of mGlu4. VU0346770 hydrochloride exhibits EC50s of 290 nM and 1.1 μM at rat mGlu4 and human mGlu4 receptor, respectively. VU0364770 hydrochloride exhibits antagonist activity at mGlu5 with a potency of 17.9 μM and PAM activity at mGlu6 with a potency of 6.8 μM. VU0364770 hydrochloride also possesses activity at MAO with Ki values of 8.5 and 0.72 μM for human MAO-A and human MAO-B, respectively[1].
MGS0028 is a selective metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptor agonist. MGS0028 can be used for psychiatric disorders research[1].
(rel)-Eglumegad ((rel)-LY354740) is the racemic isomer of Eglumegad (HY-18941). Eglumegad is a highly potent and selective group II (mGlu2/3) receptor agonist with EC50s of 5 and 24 nM for transfected human mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors, respectively[1].
PHCCC(4Me) (THCCC), a PHCCC analog, is a dual mGluR2 (IC50 of 1.5 μM) negative allosteric modulator and mGluR3 (EC50 of 8.9 μM) positive allosteric modulator[1].
Oxomemazine is a phenothiazine-based histamine H1-receptor blocker with pronounced antimuscarinic properties. Oxomemazine is a selective antagonist for muscarinic M1 receptor, displays about 20-fold difference in the affinity for high (Ki = 84 nM, M1 receptor) and low (Ki = 1.65 μM, M2 receptor) affinity sites[1]. Oxomemazine an antihistamine and anticholinergic agent used for the study of cough treatment[2].
ABP688 is a high affinity human mGluR5 antagonist with anKi of 1.7 nM. Radioisotope-labeled ABP688 can be used as a PET tracer for clinical imaging of the mGlu5 receptor[1].
AZD 2066 is a selective, orally active and brain-penetrant mGluR5 antagonist, with analgesia activity[1].
(E/Z)-SIB-1893 is a racemic compound of (E)-SIB-1893 and (Z)-SIB-1893 isomers. (E)-SIB-1893 is a selective non-competitive metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor (mGluR5) antagonist[1].