Epigeneics include any process that alters gene activity without changing the DNA sequence, and leads to modifications that can be transmitted to daughter cells. Many types of epigenetic processes have been identified—they include DNA methylation, alteration in the structure of histone proteins and gene regulation by small noncoding microRNAs.

Many different DNA and histone modifications have been identified to determine the epigenetic landscape. DNA methylation is mainly mediated by DNA-methyl transferase (DNMT), there are two known types of DNMT, namely DNMT1, which preserves preexisting pattern of methylation after cell replication, and DNMT3A/B, so-called “de novo” DNMT, which methylate previously unmethylated DNA. Histone modifications mainly include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. The acetylation of histones can be mediated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetyltransferases (HDACs), while Histhone demethylation is performed by two classes of histone demethylases: lysine-specific demethylase (LSD) family proteins (LSD1 and LSD2) and JmjC domaincontaining histone demethylase (JHDM). Furthermore, enzymes involved in epigenetic modifications can also be governed by miRNAs. For example, miR-34a can directly inhibit the activities of SIRT1 to regulate cholesterol homeostasis.

The accumulated evidence indicates that many genes, diseases, and environmental substances are part of the epigenetics picture. At the FDA, scientists are investigating many drugs that function through epigenetic mechanisms. Drugs that inhibit DNA methylation or histone deacetylation have been studied for the reactivation of tumor suppressor genes and repression of cancer cell growth. Epigenetic inhibitors can also work alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents.

References:
[1] Bob Weinhold. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Mar; 114(3): A160–A167.
[2] Xu W, et al. Genet Epigenet. 2016 Sep 25;8:43-51.
[3] Biswas S, et al. Pharmacol Ther. 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.011.
[4] Perri F, et al. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017 Mar;111:166-172.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
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Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
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Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
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SGC707

SGC707 is a first-in-class PRMT3 chemical probe which is a potent, selective, and cell-active allosteric inhibitor of PRMT3 with IC50 of 31 nM.IC50 value: 31 nMTarget: PRMT3in vitro: SGC707 is the first PRMT3 chemical probe. SGC707 is a potent PRMT3 inhibitor (IC50=31±2 nM, KD=53±2 nM) with outstanding selectivity (selective against 31 other methyltransferases and more than 250 non-epigenetic targets). SGC707 can engage PRMT3 and effectively inhibit its catalytic activity in cells and that overexpressed PRMT3 can methylate histone H4 in cells. SGC707 stabilizes PRMT3 in both HEK293 and A549 cells with EC50 values of 1.3 μM and 1.6 μM in PRMT3 InCELL Hunter Assays.in vivo: SGC707 is bioavailable and suitable for animal studies. This well characterized chemical probe is an excellent tool to further study the role of PRMT3 in health and disease. We assessed in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of SGC707. Intraperitoneal injection of SGC707 at 30 mg/kg gave good plasma exposure in CD-1 male mice over 6 h with the peak plasma level of 38000 nM. The plasma level of SGC707 at 6 h post injection was 208 nM, more than 2-fold higher than its IC50 value in the cellular assay and the half-life of SGC707 was about 1 h. This mdose was well tolerated by the test animals. These results suggest that SGC707 is suitable for animal studies in addition to cell-based studies.

  • CAS Number: 1687736-54-4
  • MF: C16H18N4O2
  • MW: 298.340
  • Catalog: Histone Methyltransferase
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 538.5±46.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 279.5±29.0 °C

JQAD1

JQAD1 is a CRBN-dependent PROTAC that selectively targets EP300 for degradation. JQAD1 suppresses EP300 expression and the H3K27ac modification. JQAD1 induces apoptosis. JQAD1 can be used in research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2417097-18-6
  • MF: C48H52F4N6O9
  • MW: 932.95
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Aurora Kinases-IN-4

Aurora Kinases-IN-4 (Compound 11c) is a covalent and ATP competitive aurora kinase A inhibitor (IC50: 1.7 nM). Aurora Kinases-IN-4 inhibits cell proliferation in SJSA-1, MDA-MB-231, A54, HeLa cells with IC50s of 4.27, 1.54, 3.08, 6.99 μM. Aurora Kinases-IN-4 can be used for research of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2877011-84-0
  • MF: C26H28N8O
  • MW: 468.55
  • Catalog: Aurora Kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AMPK activator 10

AMPK activator 10 is an orally active, potent AMPK activator with EC150 of 44.3 nM by cell-ELISA. AMPK activator 10 increases the phosphorylation levels of ACC. AMPK activator 10 exhibits a glucose lowering effect[1].

  • CAS Number: 1914176-03-6
  • MF: C24H26ClFN4O6
  • MW: 520.94
  • Catalog: AMPK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

YF-2

YF-2 is a highly selective, blood-brain-barrier permeable histone acetyltransferase activator, acetylates H3 in the hippocampus, with EC50s of 2.75 μM, 29.04 μM and 49.31 μM for CBP, PCAF, and GCN5, respectively, shows no effect on HDAC. Anti-cancer and anti-Alzheimer's disease[1].

  • CAS Number: 1311423-89-8
  • MF: C20H22ClF3N2O3
  • MW: 430.84800
  • Catalog: Histone Acetyltransferase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-Methylquinazolin-4-ol

2-Methylquinazolin-4-ol is a potent competitive poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor, with a Ki of 1.1 μM. 2-Methylquinazolin-4-ol mammalian aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) inhibitor, with 0.20 mM[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1769-24-0
  • MF: C9H8N2O
  • MW: 160.17300
  • Catalog: PARP
  • Density: 1.26 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 305.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 231-233ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 138.5ºC

Pseudoprotodioscin

Pseudoprotodioscin, a furostanoside, inhibits SREBP1/2 and microRNA 33a/b levels and reduces the gene expression regarding the synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides[1].

  • CAS Number: 102115-79-7
  • MF: C51H82O21
  • MW: 1031.184
  • Catalog: MicroRNA
  • Density: 1.45 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PCAF-IN-2

PCAF-IN-2 (compound 17) is a potent PCAF inhibitor with an IC50 value of 5.31 µM. PCAF-IN-2 shows anti-tumour activity. CAF-IN-2 induces apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phase[1].

  • CAS Number: 56173-05-8
  • MF: C10H7F3N6
  • MW: 268.20
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AMPK activator 2

AMPK activator 2 (compound 7a), a fluorine-containing proguanil derivative, up-regulates AMPK signal pathway and downregulates mTOR/4EBP1/p70S6K. AMPK activator 2 inhibits proliferation and migration of human cancer cell lines (UMUC3, T24, A549)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2410961-69-0
  • MF: C13H18F3N5
  • MW: 301.31
  • Catalog: AMPK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

scopolin

Scopolin is a coumarin isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) roots[1]. Scopolin attenuated hepatic steatosis through activation of SIRT1-mediated signaling cascades[2].

  • CAS Number: 531-44-2
  • MF: C16H18O9
  • MW: 354.309
  • Catalog: Sirtuin
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 650.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 217ºC
  • Flash Point: 241.5±25.0 °C

Tazemetostat trihydrochloride

Tazemetostat trihydrochloride (EPZ-6438 trihydrochloride) is a potent, selective and orally available EZH2 inhibitor. Tazemetostat trihydrochloride inhibits the activity of human polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-containing wild-type EZH2 with a Ki of 2.5 nM. Tazemetostat trihydrochloride inhibits EZH2 with IC50s of 11 and 16 nM in peptide assay and nucleosome assay, respectively. Tazemetostat trihydrochloride inhibits rat EZH2 with an IC50 of 4 nM. Tazemetostat (EPZ-6438) also inhibits EZH1 with an IC50 of 392 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1403255-00-4
  • MF: C34H47Cl3N4O4
  • MW: 682.12
  • Catalog: Histone Methyltransferase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SIRT2-IN-10

SIRT2-IN-10 (Compound 12) is a potent SIRT2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.3 μM. SIRT2-IN-10 can be used for the research of cancer and neurodegenerative disease[1].

  • CAS Number: 296793-09-4
  • MF: C28H21N5OS
  • MW: 475.56
  • Catalog: Sirtuin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Olaparib (AZD2281)

Olaparib (AZD2281;KU0059436) is a potent and oral PARP inhibitor with IC50s of 5 and 1 nM for PARP1 and PARP2, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 763113-22-0
  • MF: C24H23FN4O3
  • MW: 434.463
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(Ser25)-Protein Kinase C (19-31)

[Ser25] Protein Kinase C (19-31) is a substrate of protein kinase C (PKC) (Km: 0.3 μM). [Ser25] Protein Kinase C (19-31) is derived from the pseudo-substrate regulatory domain of PKCα (19-31) with a Serine at position 25 replacing the wild-type Alanine[1].

  • CAS Number: 136795-05-6
  • MF: C67H118N26O17
  • MW: 1559.818
  • Catalog: PKC
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DPPY

DPPY (compound 6) is a potent PTK inhibitor with IC50 values of <10, <10, <10 nM for EGFR, BTK, JAK3, respectively. DPPY shows anti-proliferative activity against B-cell lymphoma cells. DPPY has the potential for the research of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2095883-62-6
  • MF: C25H26ClN7O3
  • MW: 507.97
  • Catalog: JAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TK4g

TK4g is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor with the IC50 values of 12.61 nM and 15.80 nM for JAK2 and JAK3, respectively. TK4g can be used in lymphoid-derived diseases and leukemia cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2232890-86-5
  • MF: C19H19N3O4S
  • MW: 385.44
  • Catalog: JAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Boc-Lys(Ac)-AMC

Boc-Lys(Ac)-AMC is a cell-permeable fluorometric HDAC substrate (Ex/Em = 355 nm/460 nm)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 233691-67-3
  • MF: C23H31N3O6
  • MW: 445.50900
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(Rac)-Ruxolitinib D9

(Rac)-Ruxolitinib D9 ((Rac)-INCB18424 D9) is the deuterium labeled (Rac)-Ruxolitinib. (Rac)-Ruxolitinib is a JAK2 inhibitor[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Brevilin A

Brevilin A is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Centipeda minima with anti-tumor activity. Brevilin A is a selective inhibitor of JAK-STAT signal pathway by attenuating the JAKs activity and blocking STAT3 signaling (IC50 = 10.6 µM) in Cancer Cells. Brevilin A induces apoptosis and autophagy via mitochondrial pathway and PI3K/AKT/mTOR inactivation in colon adenocarcinoma cell CT26[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 16503-32-5
  • MF: C20H26O5
  • MW: 346.417
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 494.0±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 216.0±28.8 °C

Xanthoangelol

Xanthoangelol, extracted from Angelica keiskei, suppresses obesity-induced inflammatory responses. Xanthoangelol possesses antibacterial activity[1][2]. Xanthoangelol and inhibits monoamine oxidases[3]. Xanthoangelol induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma and leukemia cells[4].

  • CAS Number: 62949-76-2
  • MF: C25H28O4
  • MW: 392.48700
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.165g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 605.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 334.2ºC

Ruxolitinib phosphate

Ruxolitinib phosphate is a potent JAK1/2 inhibitor with IC50s of 3.3 nM/2.8 nM, respectively, showing more than 130-fold selectivity over JAK3.

  • CAS Number: 1092939-17-7
  • MF: C17H21N6O4P
  • MW: 404.360
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

9-hydroxystearic acid

9-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (9-HSA) is an HDAC1 inhibitor that inhibits ∼66.4% HDAC1 enzymatic activity at 5 μM. 9-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid shows anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 3384-24-5
  • MF: C18H36O3
  • MW: 300.48
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

N,N'-Dihydroxyoctanediamide

Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (Suberohydroxamic acid; SBHA) is a competitive and cell-permeable HDAC1 and HDAC3 inhibitor with ID50 values of 0.25 μM and 0.30 μM, respectively[1].Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid renders MM cells susceptible to apoptosis and facilitates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways[2].Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid can be used for the study of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)[3].

  • CAS Number: 38937-66-5
  • MF: C8H16N2O4
  • MW: 204.224
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 153-155ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

ARTD10/PARP10-IN-1

ARTD10/PARP10-IN-1 (compound 23) is a potent and non-selective PARP inhibitor, targeting to mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases ARTD7/PARP15, ARTD8/PARP14, ARTD10/PARP10 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (ARTD1/PARP1) with IC50s of 1.7 μM, 1.6 μM, 0.8 μM, and 4.4 μM, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 1708103-76-7
  • MF: C12H12N2O4
  • MW: 248.23
  • Catalog: PARP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

6-Demethoxytangeretin

6-Demethoxytangeretin is a citrus flavonoid isolated from Citrus depressa. 6-Demethoxytangeretin exerts anti-inflammatory activity and anti-allergic activity, suppresses production and gene expression of interleukin-6 in human mast cell-1 via anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways[1]. 6-Demethoxytangeretin facilitates the CRE-mediated transcription associated with learning and memory in cultured hippocampal neurons[2].

  • CAS Number: 6601-66-7
  • MF: C19H18O6
  • MW: 342.343
  • Catalog: Epigenetic Reader Domain
  • Density: 1.243±0.06 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 536.9±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 216-217 ºC
  • Flash Point: 237.5±30.2 °C

NCGC00244536

NCGC00244536 is a potent KDM4B inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 nM.

  • CAS Number: 2003260-55-5
  • MF: C25H22N2O2
  • MW: 382.45
  • Catalog: Histone Demethylase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tanshindiol C

Tanshindiol C is a S-adenosylmethionine-competitive EZH2 (Histone Methyltransferase) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.55 μM for inhibiting the methyltransferase activity. Tanshindiol C is also an activator of both Nrf2 and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in macrophages. Tanshindiol C possesses anti-cancer activity, and can be used for atherosclerosis research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 97465-71-9
  • MF: C18H16O5
  • MW: 312.317
  • Catalog: Sirtuin
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 561.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 293.4±30.1 °C

Dot1L-IN-1

Dot1L-IN-1 is a highly potent, selective and structurally novel Dot1L inhibitor with a Ki of 2 pM.

  • CAS Number: 2088518-50-5
  • MF: C32H36ClN9O2S
  • MW: 646.21
  • Catalog: Histone Methyltransferase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MI-2-2

MI-2-2 is a potent menin-MLL inhibitor. MI-2-2 binds to menin with low nanomolar affinity (Kd=22nM) and very effectively disrupts the bivalent protein-protein interaction between menin and MLL. MI-2-2 has specific and very pronounced activity in MLL leukemia cells, including inhibition of cell proliferation, down-regulation of Hoxa9 expression, and differentiation[1].

  • CAS Number: 1454920-20-7
  • MF: C17H20F3N5S2
  • MW: 415.499
  • Catalog: Epigenetic Reader Domain
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 515.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 265.3±32.9 °C

NCC-149

NCC-149 is a selective HDAC8 inhibitor and can be used for neural differentiation research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1316652-41-1
  • MF: C16H14N4O2S
  • MW: 326.373
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 153 °C(dec.)
  • Flash Point: N/A