Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


Anti-infection >
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Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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Olanzapine D3

Olanzapine D3 (LY170053 D3) is the deuterium labeled Olanzapine. Olanzapine is 5-HT2 and D1/D2 antagonist. Olanzapine is an antipsychotic agent with anticholinergic properties[1]. Olanzapine induces autophagy, mitochondrial damage and mitophagy in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line[2].

  • CAS Number: 786686-79-1
  • MF: C17H17D3N4S
  • MW: 315.45100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.337g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 476.035ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 188-190ºC
  • Flash Point: 241.697ºC

Mensacarcin

Mensacarcin, a highly complex polyketide, strongly inhibits cell growth universally in cancer cell lines and potently induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Mensacarcin targets to mitochondria, affects energy metabolism in mitochondria, and activates caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways. Mensacarcin, an antibiotic, can be used as a cytotoxic component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 808750-39-2
  • MF: C21H24O9
  • MW: 420.410
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 656.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 232.9±25.0 °C

Yakuchinone A

Yakuchinone A is a natural product isolated from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla, which can induce apoptosis and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 78954-23-1
  • MF: C20H24O3
  • MW: 312.40
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.095g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 495.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 174.3ºC

Pomalidomide-d4

Pomalidomide-d4 is the deuterium labeled Pomalidomide. Pomalidomide, the third-generation immunomodulatory agent, acts as molecular glue. Pomalidomide interacts with the E3 ligase cereblon and induces degradation of essential Ikaros transcription factors<

  • CAS Number: 1416575-78-4
  • MF: C13H7D4N3O4
  • MW: 277.27
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Anticancer agent 50

Anticancer agent 50 (compound 6) is a potent ABCB1 efflux pump modulator. Anticancer agent 50 shows cytotoxic effects and antiproliferative effects. Anticancer agent 50 decreases the expression of cyclin D1 and induces p53 expression. Anticancer agent 50 has the potential for the research of T-lymphoma[1].

  • CAS Number: 2487457-15-6
  • MF: C30H32N2O4Se
  • MW: 563.55
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Manumycin A

Manumycin A is an antibiotic. Manumycin A acts as a selective, competitive inhibitor of protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) with respect to farnesylpyrophosphate (Ki =1.2 μM), and as a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to the Ras protein. Manumycin A induces apoptosis and exerts antitumor activity[1] [2][3].

  • CAS Number: 52665-74-4
  • MF: C31H38N2O7
  • MW: 550.643
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 863.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 476.1±34.3 °C

4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate

Erucin (ERU) is an isothiocyanate particularly abundant in arugula. Erucin shows anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 4430-36-8
  • MF: C6H11NS2
  • MW: 161.29
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 250.6±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 52 °C
  • Flash Point: 105.4±22.6 °C

PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6

PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6 (compound 32a) is a potent small-molecule BRD4 degrader with IC50 value of 2.7 nM for BRD4 BD1. PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6 potently degrades BRD4 protein and inhibits the expression of c-Myc. PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6 inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 and induces apoptosis. PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6 can be used for human pancreatic cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2410947-56-5
  • MF: C43H40F2N10O10S
  • MW: 926.90
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Taccalonolide E

Taccalonolide E is a microtubule stabilizer and induces cancer cell apoptosis.

  • CAS Number: 134954-57-7
  • MF: C34H44O12
  • MW: 644.71
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RIP1 kinase inhibitor 6

RIP1 kinase inhibitor 6 is a potent and selective RIP1 kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of < 100 nM in human R1P1 kinase assay. RIP1 kinase inhibitor 6 is extracted from patent WO2020103884, example 80[1].

  • CAS Number: 2428401-62-9
  • MF: C19H18F2N2O3
  • MW: 360.35
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SD 1008

SD-1008 is a potent JAK inhibitor. SD-1008 inhibits tyrosyl phosphorylation of STAT3, JAK2 and Src. SD-1008 also reduces STAT3-dependent luciferase activity. SD-1008 enhances apoptosis induced by Paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cells via directly blocking the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway[1].

  • CAS Number: 960201-81-4
  • MF: C18H19NO5
  • MW: 329.35
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Quilizumab

Quilizumab (Anti-Human NGcGM3 Recombinant Antibody) is a humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody. Quilizumab targets the M1-prime segment of membrane-expressed IgE, leading to depletion of IgE-switched and memory B cells. Quilizumab has the potantial for the asthma research[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CPTH2 hydrochloride

CPTH2 hydrochloride is a potent histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor. CPTH2 hydrochloride selectively inhibits the acetylation of histone H3 by Gcn5. CPTH2 hydrochloride induces apoptosis and decreases the invasiveness of a clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) cell line through the inhibition of acetyltransferase p300 (KAT3B)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2108899-91-6
  • MF: C14H15Cl2N3S
  • MW: 328.260
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3-Pyridinecarboxylicacid, hydrochloride (1:1)

Niacin (Vitamin B3; Nicotinic acid) hydrochloride is an orally active B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin hydrochloride plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin hydrochloride is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 636-79-3
  • MF: C6H6ClNO2
  • MW: 159.57000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 292.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 236.6ºC
  • Flash Point: 130.7ºC

CCT373567

CCT373567 is a potent degrader of transcriptional repressor BCL6, with an IC50 of 2.9 nM. CCT373567 exhibits antiproliferative activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2378853-67-7
  • MF: C26H29ClF2N6O3
  • MW: 547.00
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(+)-Apogossypol

(+)-Apogossypol is a pan-BCL-2 antagonist. (+)-Apogossypol binds to Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL with EC50s of 2.6, 2.8 and 3.69 µM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 66389-74-0
  • MF: C28H30O6S
  • MW: 494.60
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Rilmenidine hemifumarate

Rilmenidine hemifumarate, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine hemifumarate is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine hemifumarate induces autophagy. Rilmenidine hemifumarate acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na+/H+ antiport. Rilmenidine hemifumarate modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells [1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 207572-68-7
  • MF: C24H36N4O6
  • MW: 476.566
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol

Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 106-25-2
  • MF: C10H18O
  • MW: 154.249
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 229.5±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: < -10ºC
  • Flash Point: 76.7±0.0 °C

5,6,7,15-tetrahydroxy-17-methoxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),2,8,15,17-pentaen-13-one

LL-Z1640-4 is a potent p38/JNK signaling inhibitor. LL-Z1640-4 significantly diminishes p38 and JNK activation in HCC cells transfected with MLK4 siRNA. LL-Z1640-4 markedly attenuates ROS production induced by MLK4 knockdown. LL-Z1640-4 significantly reduces the apoptotic cells in HCC cells transfected with siMLK4[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 66018-41-5
  • MF: C19H24O7
  • MW: 364.39000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Momelotinib-d8

Momelotinib-d8 (CYT387-d8) is the deuterium labeled Momelotinib (HY-10961). Momelotinib (CYT387) is an orally acitve and ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1/JAK2 with IC50a of 11 nM and 18 nM,respectively, shows much less activity against JAK3[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1619927-68-2
  • MF: C23H14D8N6O2
  • MW: 422.51
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ERα antagonist 1

ERα antagonist 1 (Compound 19d) is a potent, selective, covalent estrogen receptor α (ERα) antagonist. ERα antagonist 1 induces apoptosis and cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest in MCF-7 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2762423-09-4
  • MF: C33H32N2O5S
  • MW: 568.68
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Quercetin (hydrate)

Quercetin hydrate, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 849061-97-8
  • MF: C15H10O7.x H2O
  • MW: 320.251
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 714.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: >300ºC
  • Flash Point: 386ºC

Pravastatin (sodium)

Pravastatin sodium is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor against sterol synthesis with IC50 of 5.6 μM.Target: HMG-CoA reductasePravastatin (marketed as Pravachol or Selektine) is a member of the drug class of statins, used in combination with diet, exercise, and weight-loss for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease.Pravastatin is primarily used for the treatment of dyslipidemia and the prevention of cardiovascular disease. It is recommended to be used only after other measures such as diet, exercise, and weight reduction have not improved cholesterol levels.The evidence for the use of pravastatin is generally weaker than for other statins. The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT), failed to demonstrate a difference in all-cause mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction/fatal coronary heart disease rates between patients receiving pravastatin 40mg daily (a common starting dose) and those receiving usual care.

  • CAS Number: 81131-70-6
  • MF: C23H35NaO7
  • MW: 446.51
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 634.5ºCat 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 171.2-173 °C
  • Flash Point: 213.2ºC

Waltonitone

Waltonitone is a ursane-type pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Gentian waltonii Burkill. Waltonitone significantly inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cells growth and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo[1].

  • CAS Number: 1252676-55-3
  • MF: C30H48O2
  • MW: 440.70
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VII-31

VII-31 is a potent NEDDylation pathway activator to inhibit the tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. VII-31 induces apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways[1].

  • CAS Number: 2305757-96-2
  • MF: C23H25NO5S
  • MW: 427.51
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

taurohyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt

Taurodeoxychloic Acid (sodium hydrate) prevents apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation. Taurodeoxychloic Acid (sodium hydrate) is investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 110026-03-4
  • MF: C26H47NNaO7S+
  • MW: 540.71
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 168ºC (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

SLMP53-1

A novel reactivator of wild-type and mutant p53, shows a p53-dependent anti-proliferative activity in human wt and mut p53R280K-expressing tumor cells; enhances p53 transcriptional activity and restores wt-like DNA binding ability to mut p53R280K; inhibits the growth of wt/mut p53-expressing tumors in xenograft mice models, without apparent toxicity.

  • CAS Number: 1643469-17-3
  • MF: C20H18N2O2
  • MW: 318.376
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Condurango glycoside A

Condurango glycoside A is an activator of p53. Condurango glycoside A initiates ROS generation and up-regulates p53 expression. Condurango glycoside A induces apoptosis and pre-mature senescence associated with DNA damage in HeLa cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 11051-90-4
  • MF: C53H78O17
  • MW: 987.18
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.28±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: 954.0±65.0 °C(Predicted)
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

QNZ (EVP4593)

QNZ shows strong inhibitory effects on NF-κB transcriptional activation and TNF-α production with IC50s of 11 and 7 nM, respectively. EVP4593 is a neuroprotective inhibitor of SOC channel.

  • CAS Number: 545380-34-5
  • MF: C22H20N4O
  • MW: 356.420
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 602.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 169-175ºC
  • Flash Point: 317.9±31.5 °C

TRK-IN-23

TRK-IN-23 (compound 24b) is a potent and orally active TRK inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.5 nM, 9 nM, 14 nM, 4.4 nM, and 4.8 nM against TRKA, TRKC, TRKAG595R, TRKAF589L, and TRKAG667C, respectively. TRK-IN-23 indues apoptosis of Ba/F3-TRKAG595Rand Ba/F3-TRKAG667C cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2924344-29-4
  • MF: C20H17FN4O2
  • MW: 364.37
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A