Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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KP1019(FFC14A)

KP1019 (FFC14A) is a Ru(III)-based anti-metastatic and cytotoxic anti-cancer agent. KP1019 induces DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 124875-20-3
  • MF: C21H18Cl4N6Ru
  • MW: 598.29800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nur77 antagonist 1

Nur77 antagonist 1(Compound ja) is a selective Nur77 antagonist(KDSPRNur77 = 91 nM). Nur77 antagonist 1 induces cancer cell apoptosis. ja displays excellent antitumor against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2378780-25-5
  • MF: C25H32N8OS
  • MW: 492.64
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HDAC-IN-59

HDAC-IN-59 (compound 13a) is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. HDAC-IN-59 can promote the intracellular generation of ROS, cause DNA damage, block the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and activate the mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway to induce cell apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2944459-43-0
  • MF: C20H25NO7
  • MW: 391.42
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PARP1-IN-10

PARP1-IN-10 (compound 12c) is a no-cytotoxicity and potent PARP1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 50.62 nM in vitro. PARP1-IN-10 causes cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis, and enhances the cytotoxicity of temozolomide (TMZ) [1].

  • CAS Number: 2494001-21-5
  • MF: C20H23N3O5
  • MW: 385.41
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TJ191

TJ191 is a selective anti-cancer small molecule that targets low TβRIII-expressing malignant T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cells (MOLT-3 IC50=0.26 uM); selectively targets certain cancer cells without affecting the proliferation of other cancer cells or normal fibroblasts or immune cells (over 600-fold selectivity), TβRIII acts as a predictive marker for TJ191 sensitivity in malignant T-cells.

  • CAS Number: 1522415-97-9
  • MF: C13H21NO2S
  • MW: 255.376
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pomalidomide-d5

Pomalidomide-d5 is deuterium labeled Pomalidomide. Pomalidomide, the third-generation immunomodulatory agent, acts as molecular glue. Pomalidomide interacts with the E3 ligase cereblon and induces degradation of essential Ikaros transcription factors.

  • CAS Number: 1377838-49-7
  • MF: C13H6D5N3O4
  • MW: 278.27
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 582.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 306.3±28.7 °C

UC 112

UC-112 is a novel potent IAP(Inhibitor of apoptosis) inhibitor; potently inhibit cell growth in two human melanoma (A375 and M14) and two human prostate (PC-3 and DU145) cancer cell lines(IC50=0.7-3.4 uM).IC50 value: 0.7-3.4 uM (Cell assay) [1]Target: IAP inhibitorin vitro: UC-112 also potently inhibits the growth of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressed multidrug-resistant cancer cells, strongly activates caspase-3/7 and caspase-9 activities, and selectively downregulates survivin level at a concentration as low as 1 μM. Coincubation of UC-112 with a known proteasome inhibitor Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-CHO (MG-132) rescued survivin inhibition, consistent with the anticipated mechanism of action for UC-112 [1].in vivo: As a single agent, UC-112 strongly inhibits tumor growth and reduces both X chromosome-linked IAP and survivin levels in an A375 human melanoma xenograft model in vivo [1].

  • CAS Number: 383392-66-3
  • MF: C22H24N2O2
  • MW: 348.43800
  • Catalog: IAP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PAK4-IN-2

PAK4-IN-2 is a highly potent PAK4 inhibitor with IC50 value of 2.7 nM. PAK4-IN-2 can arrest MV4-11 cells at G0/G1 phase and induce cell apoptosis. PAK4-IN-2 can be used for researching cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2488706-33-6
  • MF: C18H21ClN6
  • MW: 356.85
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

p53 Activator 3

p53 Activator 3 (compound 87A) is a potent p53 activator with a SC150 value of <0.05 mM. p53 Activator 3 can bind to mutant p53 and restore the ability of the p53 mutant to bind DNA. p53 Activator 3 shows anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2636839-90-0
  • MF: C30H37F3N4O4S
  • MW: 606.70
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ac-Trp-Glu-His-Asp-aldehyde (pseudo acid)

Ac-Trp-Glu-His-Asp-Aldehyde is a potent and selective caspase-1 inhibitor with a Ki value of 56 pM[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 189275-71-6
  • MF: C28H33N7O9
  • MW: 611.60
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1250.2±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 709.9±34.3 °C

MPT0B014

MPT0B014 is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. MPT0B014 induces cancer cell apoptosis. MPT0B014 can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 1215208-59-5
  • MF: C19H17NO4
  • MW: 323.343
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 513.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 264.4±30.1 °C

(1S,3S,7S,10R,11S,12S,16R)-3-[(1E)-2-[2-(Aminomethyl)-4-thiazolyl]-1-methylethenyl]-7,11-dihydroxy-8,8,10,12,16-pentamethyl-4,17-dioxabicyclo[14.1.0]heptadecane-5,9-dione

BMS 310705 (21-Aminoepothilone B) is an analog of Epothilone B (HY-17029), targeting to malignancies such as ovarian, renal, bladder, and lung carcinoma. BMS 310705 induces significant apoptosis via mitochondrial-mediated pathway[1].

  • CAS Number: 280578-49-6
  • MF: C27H42N2O6S
  • MW: 522.69700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.16
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Malic Enzyme inhibitor ME1

Malic enzyme inhibitor ME1 (ME1) is a multifunctional protein involved in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, NADPH production, glutamine metabolism, and lipogenesis[1]. Malic enzyme inhibitor ME1 regulates one of the main pathways that provide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is essential for cancer cell growth through maintenance of redox balance and biosynthesis processes in the cytoplasm. Malic enzyme inhibitor ME1 disrupts metabolism in cancer cells and inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing senescence or apoptosis [2].

  • CAS Number: 522649-59-8
  • MF: C20H21N3O3
  • MW: 351.40
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CBL0137 HCl

CBL0137 hydrochloride is an inhibitor of the histone chaperone, FACT. CBL0137 hydrochloride can also activate p53 and inhibits NF-κB with EC50s of 0.37 and 0.47 µM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1197397-89-9
  • MF: C21H25ClN2O2
  • MW: 372.88800
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Polygalacin D

Polygalacin D (PGD) is a bioactive compound isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) with anticancer and anti-proliferative properties.PGD suppresses the expression of the IAP family of proteins including survivin, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 and blocks the PI3K/Akt pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of GSK3β, Akt and the expression of PI3K. Polygalacin D induces apoptosis[1]

  • CAS Number: 66663-91-0
  • MF: C57H92O27
  • MW: 1209.324
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PROTAC eEF2K degrader-1

PROTAC eEF2K degrader-1 (Compound 11l) is an eEF2K-Targeting PROTAC small molecule that induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. PROTAC eEF2K degrader-1 mediates eEF2K degradation[1].

  • CAS Number: 2458170-54-0
  • MF: C31H33N9O11
  • MW: 707.65
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

kb-NB142-70

kb NB 142-70 is a potent PKD inhibitor, with IC50s of 28.3, 58.7 and 53.2 nM for PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, respectively. kb NB 142-70 also has antitumor activity.

  • CAS Number: 1233533-04-4
  • MF: C11H9NO2S2
  • MW: 251.325
  • Catalog: PKD
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 601.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 317.8±31.5 °C

Clezutoclax

Clezutoclax is a potent payload and also a Bcl-XL inhibitor. Clezutoclax can be used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1949843-71-3
  • MF: C83H102N12O24S2
  • MW: 1715.89
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TCPOBOP

TCPOBOP is a constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) agonist that induces robust hepatocyte proliferation and hepatomegaly without any liver injury or tissue loss[1]. TCPOBOP attenuates Fas-induced murine liver injury by altering Bcl-2 proteins[2].

  • CAS Number: 76150-91-9
  • MF: C16H8Cl4N2O2
  • MW: 402.05900
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.518g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 444.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 222.8ºC

Bcl-B inhibitor 1

Bcl-B inhibitor 1 is a Bcl-B inhibitor[1].

  • CAS Number: 79220-88-5
  • MF: C17H15N3OS
  • MW: 309.39
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AZD4320

AZD4320 is a novel BH3-mimicking dual BCL2/BCLxL inhibitor with IC50s of 26 nM, 17 nM, and 170 nM for KPUM-MS3, KPUM-UH1, and STR-428 cells, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1357576-48-7
  • MF: C45H48ClF3N4O7S3
  • MW: 945.53
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

soyasaponin III

Soyasaponin III, a monodesmodic oleanane triterpenoid, is one of the main potentially bioactive saponins found in soy (Glycine max) and related products. Soyasaponin III can induce apoptosis in Hep-G2 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 55304-02-4
  • MF: C42H68O14
  • MW: 796.98100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.37 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 910.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 267.8ºC

Furowanin A

Furowanin A is a flavonoid with anti-neoplastic effects. Furowanin A inhibits STAT3/Mcl-1 axis to suppress proliferation, block cell cycle progression, induce apoptosis and promote autophagy. Furowanin A potently inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 911004-72-3
  • MF: C25H26O7
  • MW: 438.47
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 697.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 240.3±25.0 °C

Ac-VETD-AMC

Ac-VETD-AMC is a synthetic peptide substrate for caspase 8. Ac-VETD-AMC also has potential to assess functional activity of recombinant phytaspase[1].

  • CAS Number: 1135686-24-6
  • MF: C30H39N5O12
  • MW: 661.66
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Teprasiran

Teprasiran (QPI-1002) is a small interfering RNA that temporarily inhibits p53-mediated cell death that underlies acute kidney injury (AKI)[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SC-236

SC-236 is an orally active COX-2 specific inhibitor (IC50 = 10 nM) and a PPARγ agonist. SC-236 suppresses activator protein-1 (AP-1) through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. SC-236 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing phosphorylation of ERK in a murine model[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 170569-86-5
  • MF: C16H11ClF3N3O2S
  • MW: 401.791
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 543.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 282.4±32.9 °C

Neoisoliquiritigenin

Neoisoliquiritigenin, isolated from Spatholobus suberectus, inhibits cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in breast cancer by directly binding to GRP78 to regulate the β-catenin pathway[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 7014-39-3
  • MF: C21H22O9
  • MW: 418.394
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.528
  • Boiling Point: 743.5±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 230-232℃
  • Flash Point: 263.3±26.4 °C

H10

PARP14 inhibitor H10, compound H 10, is a selective inhibitor against PARP14 (IC50=490 nM), over other PARPs (≈24 fold over PARP1). PARP14 inhibitor H10 induces caspase-3/7-mediated cell apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2084811-68-5
  • MF: C24H27N7O7S
  • MW: 557.58
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cot inhibitor-1

Cot inhibitor-1 is a COT/Tpl2 inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 915365-57-0
  • MF: C27H27Cl2FN8
  • MW: 553.46100
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.42g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 729.961ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 395.267ºC

Pantoprazole-d6

Pantoprazole-d6 is deuterium labeled Pantoprazole. Pantoprazole (BY10232) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI)[1]. Pantoprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142)[3][4].

  • CAS Number: 922727-65-9
  • MF: C16H9D6F2N3O4S
  • MW: 389.41
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A