Melflufen (Melphalan flufenamide) hydrochloride, a dipeptide prodrug of Melphalan, is an alkylating agent. Melflufen hydrochloride shows antitumor activity against multiple myeloma (MM) cells and inhibits angiogenesis. Melflufen hydrochloride induces irreversible DNA damage and cytotoxicity in MM cells[1][2].
PHA-690509 is an anti-ZikV compound that inhibits ZikV replication. PHA-690509 is also a CDK inhibitor, and inhibits caspase-3 activity[1][2].
MDM2/XIAP-IN-3 (compound 3e) is a dual MDM2/XIAP inhibitor. MDM2/XIAP-IN-3 reduces MDM2 and XIAP protein levels and increases p53 expression, thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth and causing cell death[1].
Phytosphingosine is a phospholipid and has anti-cancer activities. Phytosphingosine induces cell apoptosis via caspase 8 activation and Bax translocation in cancer cells[1].
Tauroursodeoxycholate is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC; Teroxirone) is a triazene triepoxide with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Triglycidyl isocyanurate inhibits the growth of non-small-cell-lung cancer cells via p53 activation. Triglycidyl isocyanurate induces cell apoptosis. Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be used for cancer research[1][2].
MD-224 is a first-in-class and highly potent small-molecule human murine double minute 2 (MDM2) degrader based on the proteolysistargeting chimera (PROTAC) concept. MD-224 induces rapid degradation of MDM2 at concentrations <1 nM in human leukemia cells, and achieves an IC50 value of 1.5 nM in inhibition of growth of RS4;11 cells. MD-224 has the potential to be a new class of anticancer agent[1].
c-Myc inhibitor 6 (compound A102) is a c-Myc inhibitor. c-Myc inhibitor 6 decreases cancer cell viability and degrades c-Myc protein. c-Myc inhibitor 6 can be used for the research of c-Myc imbalance, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infection[1].
Boc-D-FMK is a cell-permeable, irreversible and broad spectrum caspase inhibitor; inhibits apoptosis stimulated by TNF-α with an IC50 of 39 µM.
Ono 3403 is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor. Ono 3403 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production. ONO-3403 also has an antitumor effect on malignant tumors.
KS100 is a potent ALDH inhibitor with IC50s of 230, 1542, 193 nM for ALDH1A1, ALDH2, and ALDH3A1, respectively. KS100 shows antiproliferative and anticancer effects with low low toxic. KS100 significantly increases ROS activity, lipid peroxidation and toxic aldehyde accumulation. KS10600 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase[1].
8-Hydroxyefavirenz (8-OH-EFV) is a primary metabolite of Efavirenz (HY-10572). 8-Hydroxyefavirenz induces apoptosis via a JNK- and BimEL-dependent mechanism in primary human hepatocytes. 8-Hydroxyefavirenz can be used in research of cancer[1].
Lovastatin is a cell-permeable HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower cholesterol.
HBDDE, a derivative of Ellagic acid, is an isoform-selective PKCα and PKCγ inhibitor with IC50s of 43 μM and 50 μM, respectively. HBDDE shows selective for PKCα/PKCγ over PKCδ, PKCβI and PKCβII isozymes. HBDDE induces neuronal apoptosis[1][2].
Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate (TUDCA dihydrate; UR 906 dihydrate; Taurolite dihydrate) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK[1][2].
PARP/PI3K-IN-1 (compound 15) is a potent PARP/PI3K inhibitor with pIC50 values of 8.22, 8.44, 8.25, 6.54, 8.13, 6.08 for PARP-1, PARP-2, PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kγ, respectively. PARP/PI3K-IN-1 is a highly effective anticancer compound targeted against a wide range of oncologic diseases[1].
Fluorescein-6-carbonyl-Asp(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Val-DL-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone is a cell-permeable, non-toxic inhibitor that binds irreversibly to activated caspase-3 in apoptotic cells. The fluorescence intensity can be measured by flow cytometry, microwell plate reader, or fluorescence microscopy[1].
Desacetylcinobufotalin is a natural compound; apoptosis inducer and shows the marked inhibition effect to HepG2 cells and the IC50 value is 0.0279μmol/ml.
GPX4-IN-5 (Compound C18) is a GPX4 covalent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.12 μM. GPX4-IN-5 (Compound C18) can induce ferroptosis for the research of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) [1].
DC-U4106 is a USP8 targeting inhibitor with the Kdvalue of 4.7 μM and the IC50 value of 1.2 μM. DC-U4106 can target the ubiquitin pathway and facilitate the degradation of Erα. DC-U4106 inhibits tumor growth with minimal toxicity and has the potential for the research of breast cancer[1].
N-Oleoyl-L-Serine is an endogenous amide of long-chain fatty acids with ethanolamine (N-acyl amides). N-Oleoyl-L-Serine is a lipid regulator of bone remodeling and stimulates osteoclast apoptosis. N-Oleoyl-L-Serine can be used for antiosteoporotic drug discovery development[1].
DB2115 (tertahydrochloride) is a potent inhibitor of myeloid master regulator PU.1. DB2115 (tertahydrochloride) has the potential for the treatment of cancers, including hematologic cancers such as leukemia, as well as other conditions associated with PU. 1 dysfunction (extracted from patent WO2017223260A1, compound DB2115) [1].
Aviculin, a lignan glycoside, is a potent anticancer agent. Aviculin reduces metabolic activity on MCF-7 cells below 50%, with an IC50 of 75.47 μM. Aviculin induces breast cancer cell apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Aviculin increases expression of initiator caspase-9, executioner caspase-7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Aviculin shows an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio[1].
1-NM-PP1 is a cell permeable protein kinase D (PKD) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.398 μM.
Euphorbia Factor L1 is a diterpenoid from Euphorbia lathyris L., reduces the expression of Bcl-2, PI3K, AKT and mTOR protein and mRNA, upregulates cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels, buts shows no effect on pro-caspase-9 and pro-caspase-3. Euphorbia Factor L1 induces apoptosis, has anticancer, antiadipogenesis, antiosteoclastogenesis and multidrug resistance-modulating effect[1].
Radicicol is an inhibitor of the ATPase/kinase with IC50 values of 1 μM, 100 μM and 400 μM, respectively for Hsp90, Topo VI and PDK3 [1]. Radicicol inhibits a wide variety of tumor cell lines by targeting Hsp90, binds to the ATPase domain of Hsp90 and prevents maturation of Hsp90 clients, leading to proteasomal degradation [2]. Radicicol is an antifungal antibiotic with antimalarial activity, impairs mitochondrial replication by targeting P. falciparum topoisomerase VIB[2]. Radicicol is an inhibitor of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), exhibits a dose-dependent inhibition of FTO demethylation activity with an IC50 value of 16.04 µM[3].
O6-Benzylguanine, a guanine analog, is the DNA repair enzyme O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (MGMT/AGT) inhibitor. O6-Benzylguanine acts as an AGT substrate, which transfers its benzyl group to the AGT cysteine residue, thereby irreversibly inactivating AGT and preventing DNA repair. O6-Benzylguanine induces tumor cell apoptosis. Antineoplastic activity[1][2].
TMX-2164 is a potent, irreversible B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 152 nM. TMX-2164 displays sustained target engagement and antiproliferative activity in cells[1].
Erastin is a ferroptosis activator.
Lenalidomide is a thalidomide analogue, which inhibits tumor angiogenesis, tumor proliferation and tumor secreted cytokines including TNF-α and IL 6.