Bovinic acid is a conjugated linoleic acid with anticarcinogenic and anti-atherogenic activities.
Tauro-β-muricholic acid (TβMCA) is a trihydroxylated bile acid. Tauro-β-muricholic acid is a competitive and reversible FXR antagonist (IC50 = 40 μM). Tauro-β-muricholic acid has antiapoptotic effect. Tauro-β-muricholic acid inhibits bile acid-induced hepatocellular apoptosis by maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential[1][2].
Cholesterol glucuronide is an endogenous metabolite of lipid generated in the liver by UDP glucuonyltransferase[1][2].
D-Glucose-13C-5 is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response[1].
Sergliflozin etabonate (GW-869682X) is a potent and orally active sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitor. Sergliflozin etabonate shows antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic effects. Sergliflozin etabonate significantly reduces non-fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. Sergliflozin etabonate has the potential for the research of diabetes[1].
HIF-2α-IN-7 is a hypoxia inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) inhibitor. HIF-2α-IN-7 can inhibit HIF-2α with an EC50 value of 6nM. HIF-2α-IN-7 can be used for the research of various types of diseases including cancer, liver disease, inflammatory disease, pulmonary diseases and iron load disorders[1].
Guanidinoethyl sulfonate (Taurocyamine), a transport antagonist of taurine, induces much urinary taurine excretion with a resulting decrease in the tissue taurine content and readily produces taurine-deficient fetal rats in pregnant rats[1]. Guanidinoethyl sulfonate, a structural analogue of taurine, acts as a competitive inhibitor of taurine transport[2].
L-Alanine-3-13C (L-2-Aminopropionic acid-3-13C) is the 13C-labeled L-Alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.
β3-AR agonist 2 is a potent and selective β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist with an EC50 of 8 nM.
DC260126, a small-molecule antagonist of GPR40.
SPT-IN-1 (compound 1) is an orally active and potent SPT (serine palmitoyl transferase) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5.19 nM for hSPT1. SPT-IN-1 can be used for type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia research[1].
ATI-2341 is a CXCR4 agonist, induces CXCR4-dependent calcium flux, with an EC50 of 194 nM in CCRF-CEM cells. ATI-2341 is also a potent and efficacious mobilizer of bone marrow hematopoietic cells[1].
Amylin (1-13) (human) is a fragment and a residues within amyloid cores of Amylin (human IAPP). Amylin is a glucose-regulating hormone, deposits as amyloid fibrils in condition of type II diabetes (T2D). Amylin (1-13) (human) has no effect on firbl formation, as it cannot form fibrils by itself[1].
Mometasone is an inhaled glucocorticoid. Mometasone can be used in mild asthma with a low sputum eosinophil level. Mometasone has the potential for the research of chronic hand eczema and rhinosinusitis[1][2].
Thyminose-d2 is the deuterium labeled Thyminose. Thyminose is an endogenous metabolite[1].
Cholesterol esterase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes cholesterol ester to cholesterol and free fatty acid in the intestinal lumen. Cholesterol synthesized in the acinar cells and is stored in zymogen granules. Cholesterol esterase is also known as bile salt-stimulated lipase and carboxy ester lipasea, acts function for acceleration of cholesterol absorption[1][2].
Boeravinone E exhibits spasmolytic activity[1].
SBC-110736 is a proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor extracted from patent WO2014150395A1, Figure 1.
Isoacteoside is a natural compound which exhibit significant inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation with IC50 values of 4.6-25.7 μM, compared with those of aminoguanidine (IC50=1,056 μM) and quercetin (IC50=28.4 μM) as positive controls.IC50 value:Target:In the rat lens aldose reductase assay, acteoside, isoacteoside, and poliumoside exhibited greater inhibitory effects on rat lens aldose reductase with IC50 values of 0.83, 0.83, and 0.85 μM, respectively, than those of the positive controls, 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid (IC50=4.03 μM) and quercetin (IC50=7.2 μM).
Velagliflozin proline hydrate is the clinical form of Velagliflozin (HY-109018). Velagliflozin is an oral sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with antidiabetic activity. Velagliflozin reduces renal glucose reabsorption and stimulates glycosuria, which lowers blood sugar and insulin concentrations[1].
7-Methylcoumarin, a coumarin, exhibits strong hepatoprotective activity and potent antioxidant effect[1].
Retrofractamide A is an amide constituent that can be isolated from the fruit of Piper chaba. Retrofractamide A promotes adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells[1].
Cyclamide (Cicloral), an oligopeptide, can be produced by cyanobacteria algae strains. Cyclamide can be used for the research of diabetes mellitus[1][2].
Androsterone is a metabolic product of testosterone and can activate Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR).
E2-CDS (Estradiol 17-Dihydrotrigonelline) is a redox-based chemical delivery system for estradiol (E2). E2-CDS is capable of sustained and brain-selective delivery of estradiol[1].
SQ28603 is a potent and selective inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase 3.4.24.11 (NEP), an enzyme that degrades atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
Trimethylammonium chloride-15N is the 15N labeled Trimethylammonium chloride[1]. Trimethylammonium chloride is an endogenous metabolite.
Trigonelline, an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee.
(±)-Leucine-13C (DL-Leucine-13C) is the 13C-labeled (±)-Leucine. (±)-Leucine (DL-Leucine), an isomer of Leucine, chemosterilant and dietary additive. (±)-Leucine inhibits growth of Escherichia coli HfrH by 92.08%[1].
Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide), a metabolite of estrogen, is well known to cause intrahepatic cholestasis in humans. Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) is a high-affinity substrate for oatp organic anion transporter[1].