5-Octyl hydrogen L-glutamate is cell-permeable molecule and can be used for synthesizing 5-octyl ester derivatives (5-octyl α-ketoglutarate)[1].
Pioglitazone-d4 (alkyl) (U 72107-d4 (alkyl)) is the deuterium labeled Pioglitazone. Pioglitazone (U 72107) is a potent and selective PPARγ agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain with EC50 of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively[1][2].
Lesogaberan (AZD-3355) napadisylate is a potent and selective GABAB receptor agonist with an EC50 of 8.6 nM for human recombinant GABAB receptors. Binding affinity (Kis) of 5.1 nM and 1.4 μM for rat brain GABAB and GABAA receptors, respectively[1].
DMG-PEG 2000 is used for the preparation of liposome for siRNA delivery with improved transfection efficiency in vitro. DMG-PEG 2000 is also used for the lipid nanoparticle for an oral plasmid DNA delivery approach in vivo through a facile surface modification to improve the mucus permeability and delivery efficiency of the nanoparticles[1].
Ravulizumab (ALXN1210) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically binds with high affinity to the human complement protein C5. Ravulizumab can be used for the research of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and myasthenia gravis[1].
Darglitazone (CP-86325), a thiazolidinedione, is a potent, selective, and orally active PPAR-γ agonist. Darglitazone is effective in controlling blood glucose and lipid metabolism, and can be used for type II diabetes research[1].
SAFit1 is a FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51)-specific inhibitor with a Ki of 4±0.3 nM[1][2].
TCS 401 is a selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B).
Nicotinamide riboside tartrate, an orally active NAD+ precursor, increases NAD+ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside tartrate is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities[1]. Nicotinamide riboside tartrate reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease[2].
Lodelaben is a human neutrophil elastase inhibitor with an IC50 and Ki of 0.5 and 1.5 μM, respectively.
Galantide is a reversible and non-specific galanin receptor antagonist.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid in naturally occurring form, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits and is used as a food additive.
Amylin (8-37), human is a fragment of human Amylin. Amylin (8-37), human can direct vasodilator effects in the isolated mesenteric resistance artery of the rat. Human Amylin is a small hormone secreted by pancreatic β-cells that forms aggregates under insulin deficiency metabolic conditions, and it constitutes a pathological hallmark of type II diabetes mellitus[1].
PF-249 is a potent, selective AMPK β1-containing complexes activator; increases the phosphorylation of the AMPK substrate ACC at S79 with EC50 of 296 nM, potently inhibits de novo lipogenesis (IC50=15 nM) in primary rat hepatocytes.
MK-3903 is a potent and selective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator with an EC50 of 8 nM.
(R)-Thalidomide ((R)-(+)-Thalidomide) is the R-enantiomer of Thalidomide. (R)-Thalidomide has sedative properties[1][2].
Fmoc-Ala-OH-13C3 is a 13C-labeled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity in normal, diet-ind
L-Carnitine-d9 chloride is the deuterium labeled L-Carnitine chloride. L-Carnitine chloride, a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine chloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine chloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine chloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism[1][2][3].
Villocarine A is a natural vasorelaxant indole alkaloid[1].
Omesdafexor is a FXR agonist. Omesdafexor can be used in the research of liver disease or a metabolic inflammation-mediated disease[1][2].
Ranirestat (AS-3201) is an aldose reductase inhibitor being developed for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
Biotin-TAT (47-57), biotin tagged TAT, is a transactivator of transcription. Biotin-TAT (47-57) is one of the most widely used PTDs into different primary cells is ATP- and temperature-dependent, indicating the involvement of endocytosis[1][2].
PA452, retinoic X receptor (RXR) specific antagonist, inhibits the effect of Retinoic acid (RA) on Th1/Th2 development[1].
L-Homocitrulline is metabolized to homoarginine through homoargininosuccinate via the urea cycle pathway and its metabolic abnormality could lead to Lysinuric Protein Intolerance (LPI).
Bezafibrate is an agonist of PPAR, with EC50s of 50 μM, 60 μM, 20 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, and 90 μM, 55 μM, 110 μM for murine PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively; Bezafibrate is used as an hypolipidemic agent.
Ac-hMCH(6-16)-NH2 binds to and activates equally well both human MCH receptors present in the brain (non-selective agonist), with IC50 values of 0.16 nM and 2.7 nM for MCH-1R and MCH-2R[1].
L-Threonic acid magnesium salt is the enantiomer of Threonic acid and a metabolite of vitamin C. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent[1].
BIBR 1087 SE is an intermediate metabolite of dabigatran etexilate.
Theaflavine-3,3'-digallate, a bioactive black tea phenolic, can be used for the research of gut microbiota composition modulatory effects[1].