Urolithin C, a gut-microbial metabolite of Ellagic acid, is a glucose-dependent activator of insulin secretion. Urolithin C is a L-type Ca2+ channel opener and enhances Ca2+ influx. Urolithin C induces cell apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway and also stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation[1][2].
Peptide YY (PYY) is a gut hormone that regulates appetite and inhibits pancreatic secretion. Peptide YY (PYY) can mediate its effects through the Neuropeptide Y receptors.
Stearic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled Stearic acid. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.
Elezanumab (ABT-555; AE12-1Y-QL) is a human monoclonal antibody that selectively targets repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa). Elezanumab potently inhibited RGMa mediated BMP signalling via the SMAD1/5/8 pathway, with an IC50 around 97 pM. Elezanumab promotes neuroregeneration and neuroprotection in neuronal injury and demyelination models binds N-terminal RGMa, blocks BMP signaling and lacks RGMc cross-reactivity. elezanumab has neuroregenerative and neuroprotective activities without impact on iron metabolism[1][2].
L-Tryptophan-13C11,15N2 (Tryptophan-13C11,15N2) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3[1].
D-Glucose-13C2,d2 is the deuterium and 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical si
L-Lysine orotate is a salt of L-lysine and orotic acid that can potentiate the toxicity of an extract of the mushroom Amanita phalloides[1].
Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (Hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate), a physiological glucocorticoid, and is an orally active steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (SAID). Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate inhibits proinflammatory cytokine activity, with IC50s of 6.7 and 21.4 μM for IL-6 and IL-3, respectively. Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate can be used for the research of ulcerative colitis (UC)[1][2][3].
Vitamin B15 (Pangamic Acid) hemicalcium is a natural, ubiquitously in plant seeds substance and can used be as an agent stimulating cellular respiration. Vitamin B15 hemicalcium contains D-gluconodimethyl amino acetic acid. Vitamin B15 hemicalcium is also a immune-correcting agent[1][2]. Vitamin B15 hemicalcium can be used for wide range of diseases.
α-Glycosidase-IN-1 (compound MZ7) is a potent α-GLY (α-Glycosidase) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 44.72 nM and a KI of 41.74 nM. α-Glycosidase-IN-1 also shows inhibition profile against human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II (hCA I and hCA II), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with IC50 values of 104.87, 100.04, and 654.87 nM, respectively. α-Glycosidase-IN-1 can be used for the research of many diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, heart failure, ulcer, and epilepsy[1].
Monocrotaline is an pyrrolizidine alkaloid extracted from the seeds of the Crotalaria spectabilis plant to induce pulmonary hypertension in rodents.
TT-OAD2 is a non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist with an EC50 of 5 nM. TT-OAD2 has the potential for diabetes treatment[1][2].
Insulin β Chain Peptide (15-23), also known as INS, is an insulin-derived peptide recognized by islet-associated T cells. The Insulin β Chain Peptide (15-23) tetramer stained the INS-reactive CTL clone G9C8, but neither this tetramer nor the negative control tetramer (TUM) stained the splenic CD8+ T cells from NOD or 8.3-TCRαβtransgenic NOD mice[1][2].
BP Lipid 135 is a cationieally ionizable lipid. BP Lipid 135 can be used to prepare lipid nanoparticles (LNP) (WO2022218503A1)[1].
N-Acetylhexosamine kinase (NahK) is an anomeric kinase acting on a glucose-type substrate. N-Acetylhexosamine kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of GlcNAc or GalNAc at the anomeric C1 position with ATP to form N-acetylhexosamine 1-phosphate (GlcNAc-1P/GalNAc-1P)[1][2].
Oxyresveratrol 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a phenolic compound isolated from Morus nigra root and is an effective tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 29.75 μM[1].
26Rfa, Hypothalamic Peptide, human is a hypothalamic neuropeptide of the RFamide peptide family with orexigenic activity[1]. 26RFa is an orexigenic neuropeptide identified as the endogenous ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR103[2].
Glycolithocholic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Glycolithocholic acid. Glycolithocholic acid, an endogenous metabolite, is a glycine-conjugated secondary bile acid and can be used to diagnose ulcerative colitis (UC), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) [1][2][3][4].
Tetradecanedioic acid-d24 is the deuterium labeled Tetradecanedioic acid[1]. Tetradecanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite and belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Tetradecanedioic acid can act as a candidate biomarker for organic anion-transporting polypeptide mediated drug-drug interactions[2].
β-Alanine-13C3,15N (2-Carboxyethylamine-13C3,15N) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled β-Alanine. β-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that is shown to be metabolized into carnosine, which functions as an intracellular buffer.
Bethanechol Chloride is a selective muscarinic receptor agonist without any effect on nicotinic receptors.Target: mAChRBethanechol is a parasympathomimetic choline carbamate that selectively stimulates muscarinic receptors without any effect on nicotinic receptors. Unlike acetylcholine, bethanechol is not hydrolyzed by cholinesterase and will therefore have a long duration of action. Oral bethanechol significantly improves contraction pressures and bolus transit in the smooth muscle portion of the esophagus in patients with severe IEM [1]. Bethanechol has potential benefit in the treatment of cerebral palsy [2].
NNMTi is a potent nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) inhibitor (IC50=1.2 μM) and selectively binds to the NNMT substrate-binding site residues[1]. NNMTi promotes myoblast differentiation in vitro and enhances fusion and regenerative capacity of muscle stem cells (muSCs) in aged mice[2].
A novel, potent, selective orally active CCK-2 receptor antagonist with pKi of 8.49 for hCCK2; displays >1200-fold selectivity over hCCK1 receptor; has oral EC50 of 1.5 and 0.26 uM in conscious rat and dog chronic gastric fistula models of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion, respectively; inhibits gastric acid secretion and prevents omeprazole-induced acid rebound in the rats.
Lucidal (Lucialdehyde C) is a natural lanostante-type triterpene aldehyde that shows inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase (Glucosidase) with an IC50 of 0.635 mM. Lucidal has anticancer and antidiabetic effects[1][2].
Fumaric acid, associated with fumarase deficiency, is identified as an oncometabolite or an endogenous, cancer causing metabolite.
Isosalvianolic acid C is a phenolic compound that can be found in Lavandula angustifolia Mill.. Isosalvianolic acid C can be used as antioxidant[1].
Tigogenin, one of steroidal sapogenins, is widely used for synthesizing steroid drugs. Tigogenin inhibits adipocytic differentiation and induces osteoblastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow stromal cells[1].
MIF-IN-6 (compound 2d) is a potent macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.4 μM and a Ki value of 0.96 μM, respectively. MIF-IN-6 attenuates MIF-induced ERK phosphorylation and inhibits proliferation of A549 cells[1].
FXR agonist 5 (compound 1) is a FXR agonist. FXR agonist 5 can be used for research in diseases or disorders caused by metabolic inflammation[1].
Acts on β-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl termini on asialo-α1-acid glycoprotein and N-acetyllactosamine (β-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine), but not on 2'-fucosylated-N-acetyllactosamine. The non-reducing terminal N-acetyllactosamine residues of glycoproteins can also act as acceptor. Now includes EC 2.4.1.124 and EC 2.4.1.151. Reaction: UDP-α-D-galactose + β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + α-D-galactosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R (where R can be OH, an oligosaccharide or a glycoconjugate)