6′-Galactosyllactose is the main oligosaccharide that makes up galactose, a component of human milk. 6′-Galactosyllactose can synthesize human milk oligosaccharides and synthetic galactosyllactose with 3′-Galactosyllactose and 4′-Galactosyllactose, and reduce inflammation in human T84, NCM-460 and H4 cells and intestinal tissues[1].
Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway[1][2][3].
Raspberry ketone glucoside is a natural product in raspberry fruit. Raspberry ketone glucosidev has the inhibitory effect on the melanin synthesis[1].
KIRA6 allosterically inhibits IRE1α RNase kinase activity with an IC50 of 0.6 µM.
Suc-AAPF-pNA (Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA) is a chromogenic p-nitroanilide (pNA) substrate with the Km of 1.7 mM. Suc-AAPF-pNA can be used for the Measurement of free and membrane-bound cathepsin G in human neutrophils[1].
Calcium alginate is a biopolymer that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery systems[1]. Calcium alginate is a pH sensitive hydrogel stable in acidic media and soluble in basic media[2].
Auranofin (SKF-39162) is a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.2 μM.
L-Leucyl-L-Leucine methyl ester (LLOMe) hydrochloride, a dipeptide condensation product of L-leucine methyl ester generated by human monocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes, selectively eliminates lymphocytes with cytotoxic potential. L-Leucyl-L-Leucine methyl ester hydrochloride also can induce endolysosomal pathway stress[1][2][3].
TDSRCVIGLYHPPLQVY is a disordered control peptide. TDSRCVIGLYHPPLQVY is a peptide containing the same amino acids as LP17 (HY-P3400) but in a different sequence order[1][2].
Recoflavone is a synthetic derivative of eupatilin that has a protective effect on gastric mucosa. Recoflavone has the potential to be used to treat peptic ulcer disease.
Aminochlorthenoxazin is an antipyretic and analgesic agent.
Naringenin 7-O-glucuronide (Naringenin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide) is a bergamot juice metabolite that can be used in the study of inflammation[1].
Funapide (TV 45070; XEN402) is a potent Sodium Channel Nav1.7 inhibitor.
GW406381, a highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, attenuates spontaneous ectopic discharge in sural nerves of rats following chronic constriction injury[1][2].
Abacavir hydroxyacetate is an orally active inhibitor of IL-20 and PRINS. Abacavir hydroxyacetate reduces proliferation rate of skin in psoriasis as an immune modulator. Abacavir hydroxyacetate can be used for the research of inflammatory skin problems[1][2].
[Des-Arg9]-Bradykinin is a Bradykinin (B1) receptor agonist that displays selectivity for B1 over B2 receptors.
Glepaglutide (ZP1848), a long-acting GLP-2 analogue, is a potent GLP-2R agonist. Glepaglutide reduces faecal output and increases intestinal absorption. Glepaglutide alleviates small intestinal inflammation. Glepaglutide can be used in the research of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Crohn’s disease[1][2][3].
(3R,4S)-Tofacitinib is an enantiomer of Tofacitinib. Tofacitinib inhibits JAK3 with IC50 of 1 nM.
Dexpanthenol-d6 is deuterium labeled D-Panthenol. D-Panthenol is the biologically-active alcohol of pantothenic acid, which leads to an elevation in the amount of coenzyme A in the cell.
Thalidomide D4 is a deuterium labeled Thalidomide. Thalidomide is initially promoted as a sedative, inhibits cereblon (CRBN), a part of the cullin-4 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CUL4-RBX1-DDB1, with a Kd of ~250 nM, and has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic cancer properties[1][2].
TBK1/IKKε-IN-2 is a dual TBK1 and IKKε inhibitor.
BMS-688521 is a highly potent, orally active inhibitor of the LFA-1/ICAM interaction, with an IC50 of 2.5 nM in the adhesion assay and an IC50 of 60 nM in the MLR assay. BMS-688521 is efficacious in a mouse allergic eosinophilic lung inflammation model[1].
RL-6-Me-7-OH is a hapten that activates human and mouse MAIT cells (EC50=25µM). RL-6-Me-7-OH can be combined with carrier proteins and used in antigen design. RL-6-Me-7-OH can be used in inflammation and immunity research[1].
Gefarnate is a drug used for the treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcer, and has been proposed for use in the treatment of dry eye syndrome.
Mannioside A is a steroidal saponin. Mannioside A is a nature product that could be isolated from Dracaena mannii. Mannioside A has anti-inflammatory effect[1].
Delphinidin-3-sambubioside (Dp3‐Sam) chloride is an anthocyanin that has orally active anti-inflammatory activity. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory factors release. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride also alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD rats. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride can be isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L.[1][3].
Taurocholic Acid sodium hydrate is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.
Ranevetmab (NV-01) is a caninised anti-NGF monoclonal antibody (mAb). Ranevetmab can alleviate pain, and is used for the research of degenerative joint disease (DJD) pain[1].
Canakinumab (ACZ885) is a recombinant human anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody. Canakinumab shows IC50 values of 43.6 and 40.8 pM for human and marmoset IL-1β, respectively. The mode of action of canakinumab is based on the neutralization of IL-1β signaling, resulting in suppression of inflammation related to disorders of autoimmune origin[1][2].
Ingenol Mebutate is an active ingredient in Euphorbia peplus, acts as a potent PKC modulator, with Kis of 0.3, 0.105, 0.162, 0.376, and 0.171 nM for PKC-α, PKC-β, PKC-γ, PKC-δ, and PKC-ε, respectively, and has antiinflammatory and antitumor activity.