Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic immunoreactive peptide, consisting of N-acetyl muramic acid attached to a short amino acid chain of L-Ala-D-isoGln. Muramyl dipeptide is an inducer of bone formation through induction of Runx2. Muramyl dipeptide directly enhances osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating Runx2 gene expression through MAPK pathways. Muramyl dipeptide indirectly attenuates osteoclast differentiation through a decreased RANKL/OPG ratio[1].
Gallocyanine chloride, a synthetic blue dyestuff, blocks DKK1 inhibitory activity by disrupting DKK1/LRP6 interaction. Its association with LRP6 is weak (IC50 of about 3 μM in the inhibition of DKK1 binding). Gallocyanine dye acts as a potential agent for the research of Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative tauopathies[1].
Casein Kinase II Receptor Peptide is a substrate for casein kinase II with an Km value of 500 µM. Casein Kinase II Substrate can be used for measure casein kinase II activity in crude enzyme preparations[1].
ROCK-IN-D2 is an effective and selective inhibitor of ROCK.
Halcinonide (SQ-18566) is a high potency corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of certain skin conditions.
Specnuezhenide ((8E)-Nuezhenide) is isolated from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. Specnuezhenide ((8E)-Nuezhenide) can inhibit IL-1β-induced inflammation in chondrocytes via inhibition of NF-κB and wnt/β-catenin signaling. Specnuezhenide ((8E)-Nuezhenide) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA)[1].
Lidocaine-d6 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Lidocaine (hydrochloride). Lidocaine hydrochloride (Lignocaine hydrochloride) inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence[1]. Lidocaine hydrochloride decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine hydrochloride is an amide derivative and a drug to treat ventricular arrhythmia and an effective tumor-inhibitor[2].
A small molecule inhibitor of guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) catalytic activity that binds to SOS1 (Kd=14.7 uM) and disrupts GEF-Ras interaction; dose-dependently disrupts the SOS1-Ras interaction by competitively inhibiting the binding of SOS1cat to GDP-bound H-Ras in a microscale thermophoresis assay; dose-dependently inhibits Ras activation and downstream ERK activation mediated through EGFR-SOS1-Ras-Raf1-MEK-ERK signaling, specifically inhibits wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblast growth but not the growth of oncogenic H-Ras(G12V)-expressing mouse embryonic fibroblasts; inhibits Ras signaling and growth of pancreatic and prostate cancer cells.
CKI-7 is a potent and ATP-competitive casein kinase 1 (CK1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 6 μM and a Ki of 8.5 μM. CKI-7 is a selective Cdc7 kinase inhibitor. CKI-7 also inhibits SGK, ribosomal S6 kinase-1 (S6K1) and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1). CKI-7 has a much weaker effect on casein kinase II and other protein kinases[1][2][3][4].
3-(4-Pyridyl)indole (Rockout) is a Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 25 μM. 3-(4-Pyridyl)indole can inhibit blebbing and cause dissolution of actin stress fibers in a wound healing assay[1].
AR-13503 a ROCK/PKC inhibitor, inhibiting angiogenesis and enhancing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) permeability. AR-13503 also inhibits the formation of aberrant neovascularization (NV) in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model in mice[1][2].
CX-4945 sodium salt is an orally bioavailable, highly selective and potent CK2 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 1 nM against CK2α and CK2α'.
TUL01101 is a potent, selective and orally active JAK1 inhibitor, with an IC50s of 3, 37, 1517 and 36 nM for JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2, respectively. TUL01101 can be used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis[1].
TBB is a cell-permeable and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.15 μM for rat liver CK2.
H-9 Dihydrochloride is a PKA (protein kinase) inhibitor. H-9 Dihydrochloride (10 μM) significantly reduces the excitatory response to 5-HT. H-9 Dihydrochloride also has a direct effect on pharyngeal activity. H-9 Dihydrochloride inhibits signal-transduction and cell growth in EGF (epidermal growth factor)-dependent epithelial cell lines[1][2][3].
ELN 318463 racemate is the racemate of ELN 318463. ELN 318463 is a selective gamma-secretase inhibitor.
Indirubin-3′-oxime (IDR3O), a synthetic derivative of indirubin, is a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Indirubin-3′-oxime directly inhibits the activity of all three isoforms of JNK (JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3), with IC50s of 0.8 μM, 1.4 μM, and 1.0 μM, respectively. Indirubin-3′-oxime can enhance height growth via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chondrocytes[1][2][3].
Abrocitinib (PF-04965842) is a potent, oral active and selective JAK1 inhibitor, with IC50s of 29 and 803 nM for JAK1 and JAK2, respectively. Abrocitinib (PF-04965842) exhibits less active effect on TYK2 (IC50, 1.253 μM), and inhibits phosphorylation of STAT1,STAT3 and STAT5 after stimulation. Effective in autoimmune disease[1].
ERK1/2 inhibitor 9 (Probe 1) is a covalent ERK1/2 inhibitor. ERK1/2 inhibitor 9 shows sub-micromolar activity in cells (A375 GI50=0.47 μM). ERK1/2 inhibitor 9 causes the downregulation of phospho-ERK1/2. ERK1/2 inhibitor 9 tagged trans-cyclo-octene (TCO) and Tz-Thalidomide (tetrazine tagged Thalidomide) can form the corresponding ERK-CLIPTAC to elicit degradation of ERK1/2[1].
JAK-IN-28 (Compound 111) is a JAK inhibitor. JAK-IN-28 can be used for research of cancer or inflammatory diseases[1].
GSK3-IN-3 is a mitophagy inducer, inducing Parkin-dependent mitophagy. GSK3-IN-3 is also a GSK-3 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.01 μM. GSK3-IN-3 is non-ATP nor substrate competitive and is neuroprotective against 6-OHDA[1][2][3].
IWP-4 is a small molecule Wnt inhibitor with an IC50 of 25 nM.
Vitisin A has antioxidative, anticancer, antiapoptotic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Vitisin A inhibits LPS-induced NO and iNOS production via down-regulation of ERK1/2 and p38 and the NF-κB signal pathway. Vitisin A also inhibits adipocyte differentiation. Vitisin A is a resveratrol tetramer that can be isolated from Vitis vinifera roots[1][2][3].
KY-05009 is an ATP-competitive Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) inhibitor with a Ki of 100 nM. KY-05009 pharmacologically inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. KY-05009 inhibits the protein expression of TNIK and transcriptional activity of Wnt target genes and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. KY-05009 exerts anti-cancer activity[1].
Casein Kinase inhibitor A51 (CKIα inhibitor A51) is a novel pan-specific CKI (CSNK1) inhibitor (Kd=0.5-20 nM, CKIα Kd=5.3 nM) that co-targets the transcriptional kinases CDK7 and CDK9, with hardly inhibition of CDK8, CDK13, CDK11a, CDK11b, and CDK19; target both CDK7 and CDK9 with low nM Kd values; induces leukemia cell apoptosis at <160 nM, in correlation to the capacity to stabilize p53; shows high and selective sensitivity against leukemic CFUs in colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, without effect on normal hematopoietic CFUs; blocking CKIα together with CDK7 and/or CDK9 synergistically stabilize p53, deprive leukemia cells of survival and proliferation-maintaining SE-driven oncogenes, induce apoptosis, abolishes the expression of MYC, MDM2, and the anti-apoptotic oncogene MCL1; demonstrates therapeutic efficacy with preserved hematopoiesis and leukemia cure potential in AML mouse models.
F7H is a Frizzled receptor FZD7 antagonist (IC50: 1.25 μM). Frizzled receptors (FZDs) influence Wnt signaling, mediating embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. F7H is a potent ligand for the FZD7 transmembrane domain (TMD)[1].
BMS-906024 is an oral and selective gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) that is a small molecule Notch inhibitor[1]. BMS-906024 prevents the activation of all four Notch receptors with a high oral bioavailability with IC50s of 1.6, 0.7, 3.4, and 2.9 nM for Notch1, -2, -3, and -4 receptors, respectively. BMS-906024 demonstrates broad-spectrum antineoplastic activity against a wide array of human cancer xenografts[2].
JAK-IN-21 (Example 4) is a selective and potent JAK inhibitor with IC50s of 1.73, 2.04, 109 and 62.9 nM against JAK1, JAK2, J2V617F and TYK2, respectively[1].
KY1220 is a compound that destabilizes both β-catenin and Ras, via targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway; with an IC50 of 2.1 μM in HEK293 reporter cells.
Dehydrocrenatidine, a natural alkaloid, is a specific JAK inhibitor. Dehydrocrenatidine inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels and ameliorates mechanic allodia in a rat model of neuropathic pain[1][2].