5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid (5,7-DCKA) is a selective and competitive antagonist of the glycine site on NMDA receptor with a KB of 65 nM. 5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid, a derivative of kynurenic acid, reduced NMDA-induced neuron injury in rat cortical cell cultures[1].
TPMPA, a hybrid of isoguvacine and 3-APMPA, is the first selective antagonist for a GABAC receptor (KB = 2.1 μM), but not to interact with GABAA (KB = 320 μM) or GABAB receptors (EC50 = 500 μM). TPMPA has the potential for the research of suppressing orientation selectivity in ganglion cells[1][2][3].
(R)-Elexacaftor is an enantiomer of Elexacaftor (HY-111772). (R)-Elexacaftor is the Compound 37 from patent WO2018107100A1. (R)-Elexacaftor is a modulator of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the EC50 for CFTR dF508 is 0.29 uM[1].
ZL006 is a potent inhibitor of nNOS/PSD-95 interaction, and inhibits NMDA receptor-mediated NO synthesis.
RS-5773 is a calcium channel inhibitor and a diltiazem congener. RS-5773 has antianginal effect and does not cause excessive hypotension or depression of atrioventricular conduction [1].
μ-Conotoxin SIIIA is a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant sodium channel blocker. μ-Conotoxin SIIIA is a toxic peptide that can be obtained from the venom of Conus snails. μ-Conotoxin SIIIA can be used in the study of neurological diseases, such as neuropathic pain[1].
AZD-6280 is a selective GABAA(α2/3) receptor modulator, used for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
Cilobradine is an HCN Channel blocker; an open channel blocker of neuronal Ih and related cardiac If channels.Target: HCN Channel blockerCilobradine is a HCN channel blocker that is about 3 times more potent than ZD7288. At a concentration of 10 μM, Cilobradine inhibits WT mHCN2 channel current by 86 ± 2% (n = 5). In contrast, I432A and A425G channel currents were only reduced by 14 ± 1% (n = 4) and 19 ± 2% (n = 8), respectively, by this concentration of Cilobradine. The double mutant (I432A/A425G) channel was even less sensitive to 10 μM Cilobradine (8 ± 2% inhibition; n = 4).
ML252 is a selective inhibitor of potassium channel, targeting to KCNQ2 channel (Kv7.2) (IC50=69 nM). ML252 also inhibits Cytochrome P450 with IC50s of 6.1 nM (CYP1A2), 18.9 nM (CYP2C9), 3.9 nM (CYP3A4), 19.9 nM (CYP2D6), respectively[1][2].
Phrixotoxin 1, from the venom of the theraphosid spider Phrixotrichus auratus, is a specific peptide inhibitor of Kv4 potassium channel[1][2].
CGP11952 is a triazolyl-Benzaphenon resembling the benzodiazepines in its pharmacological action. CGP11952 is an experimental benzodiazepine derivative.
Mitiglinide(KAD-1229; S21403) is a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes; it is a highly selective KATP channel antagonist. IC50 value:Target: KATP channelMitiglinide is a hypoglycemic agent that closes adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel s) in the pancreatic β-islet cells. Mitiglinide stimulates insulin secretion by stimulating Ca2+ influx.
WX-081, an anti-tuberculosis agent, displays excellent anti-mycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and low cytotoxicity. WX-081 exhibits potent activity with MIC50s of 0.083 and 0.11 μg/mL for drug susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) and multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains. WX-081 also inhibits hERG channel with the IC50 of 1.89 μM[1].
GpTx-1 is a potent, selective, 34-residue peptide antagonist of Nav1.7 sodium channel with IC50 of 10 nM, displays 20- and 1000- fold selectivity over NaV1.4 and NaV1.5.
Propafenone-(phenyl-dd5) (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Propafenone hydrochloride[1]. Propafenone hydrochloride is a class of anti-arrhythmic medication, which treats illnesses associated with rapid heart beats such as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias[2].
Amiloride (hydrochloride) is an epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) inhibitor and a competitive inhibitor of Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA).
NS309 is a positive modulator of small- and intermediate- conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa2 and KCa3.1 channels); increases Ca2+ sensitivity. Displays no activity at BK channels.IC50 value: Ca2+-activated K+ channelTarget:
Baclofen hydrochloride, a lipophilic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is an orally active, selective metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist. Baclofen hydrochloride mimics the action of GABA and produces slow presynaptic inhibition through the GABAB receptor. Baclofen hydrochloride has high blood brain barrier penetrance. Baclofen hydrochloride has the potential for muscle spasticity research[1][2][3].
Umbellulone is an active constituent of the leaves of Umbellularia californica. Umbellulone stimulates the TRPA1 channel in a subset of peptidergic, nociceptive neurons, activating the trigeminovascular system via this mechanism[1].
CP-060 is a potent Ca2+ antagonist, inhibits Ca2+ overload and possesses antioxidant and cardioprotective activities.
Dibucaine Hydrochloride is a local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia.Target: Sodium ChannelDibucaine is an amide local anesthetic. Dibucaine reduced the degradation of BSA-gold complex in the reservosomes, which was not caused either by an inhibition of the whole proteolytic activity of the parasite or by a reduction on the expression levels of cruzipain [1].Dibucaine, a quaternary ammonium compound, inhibited SChE to a minimum within 2 min in a reversible manner. The inhibition was very potent. It had an IC(50) of 5.3 microM with BuTch or 3.8 microM with AcTch. The inhibition was competitive with respect to BuTch with a K(i) of 1.3 microM and a linear-mixed type (competitive/noncompetitive) with respect to AcTch with inhibition constants, K(i) and K(I) of 0.66 and 2.5 microM, respectively. Dibucaine possesses a butoxy side chain that is similar to the butryl group of BuTch and longer by an ethylene group from AcTch [2].
Verapamil hydrochloride is a calcium channel antagonist.
ABT-639 hydrochloride is a novel, peripherally acting, selective T-type Ca2+ channel blocker.
Norverapamil ((±)-Norverapamil), an N-demethylated metabolite of Verapamil, is a L-type calcium channel blocker and a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function inhibitor[1][2].
KV2 channel inhibitor-1 is a selective KV2 channel inhibitor with IC50s of 0.2 μM and 0.41 μM for KV2.1 and KV2.2, respectively. KV2 channel inhibitor-1 possesses good selectivity over KV1.2 (IC50>10 μM). KV2 channel inhibitor-1 is >10-fold selective over NaV channels and other KV channels and displays weak activity on CaV channels[1].
SSR504734 is an orally active, selective and reversible inhibitor of human, rat, and mouse GlyT1 (IC50=18, 15, and 38 nM, respectively). SSR504734 shows anti-schizophrenia, anti-anxiety and anti-depression activities[1].
Vigabatrin(γ-Vinyl-GABA; Sabril) is a structural analog of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that irreversibly inhibits the catabolism of GABA by GABA transaminase.IC50 value:Target: GABA transaminaseClinical studies have shown that vigabatrin is superior to placebo in decreasing the frequency of infantile spasms. In tuberous sclerosis, vigabatrin may be considered the first-line treatment for IS. The mode of action is increasing concentrations of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain.A significant increase in seizure threshold was observed following systemic (i.p.) administration of high (600 or 1200 mg/kg) doses of vigabatrin. Bilateral microinjection of vigabatrin (10 μg) into either the anterior or posterior SNr also increased seizure threshold, but less markedly than systemic treatment.
NEO 376 is a selective modulator of 5-HT1 receptor, GABA receptor and dopamine receptor, with anti-psychotic actively.
NaV1.7 inhibitor-1 is an efficacious voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV) 1.7 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 nM for hNaV1.7, exhibits 80-fold selectivity versus hNaV1.5[1].
Benidipine hydrochloride is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension).