G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) perceive many extracellular signals and transduce them to heterotrimeric G proteins, which further transduce these signals intracellular to appropriate downstream effectors and thereby play an important role in various signaling pathways. G proteins are specialized proteins with the ability to bind the nucleotides guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). In unstimulated cells, the state of G alpha is defined by its interaction with GDP, G beta-gamma, and a GPCR. Upon receptor stimulation by a ligand, G alpha dissociates from the receptor and G beta-gamma, and GTP is exchanged for the bound GDP, which leads to G alpha activation. G alpha then goes on to activate other molecules in the cell. These effects include activating the MAPK and PI3K pathways, as well as inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the plasma membrane, and the lowering of intracellular Ca2+ levels.

Most human GPCRs can be grouped into five main families named; Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, and Secretin, forming the GRAFS classification system.

A series of studies showed that aberrant GPCR Signaling including those for GPCR-PCa, PSGR2, CaSR, GPR30, and GPR39 are associated with tumorigenesis or metastasis, thus interfering with these receptors and their downstream targets might provide an opportunity for the development of new strategies for cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment. At present, modulators of GPCRs form a key area for the pharmaceutical industry, representing approximately 27% of all FDA-approved drugs.

References:
[1] Moreira IS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jan;1840(1):16-33.
[2] Tuteja N. Plant Signal Behav. 2009 Oct;4(10):942-7.
[3] Williams C, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;552:39-50.
[4] Schiöth HB, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2005 May 15;142(1-2):94-101.
[5] Wu J, et al. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2012 Jan;9(1):37-50.


Anti-infection >
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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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Syk Inhibitor II dihydrochloride

Syk Inhibitor II dihydrochloride is a potent, high selective and ATP-competitive Syk inhibitor with an IC50 of 41 nM. Syk Inhibitor II dihydrochloride inhibits 5-HT release from RBL-cells with an IC50 of 460 nM. Syk Inhibitor II dihydrochloride shows less potent against other kinases and has anti-allergic effect[1].

  • CAS Number: 227449-73-2
  • MF: C14H21Cl2F3N6O3
  • MW: 449.25600
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TUS-007

TUS-007 is a CANDDY molecular, modified from a proteasome inhibitor. However, TUS-007 hardly inhibits proteasome activity. TUS-007 is also an orally active and potent KRAS G12D/V degrader. TUS-007 can be applied in KRAS G12D/V chemical knockdown in cell-free. TUS-007 also exhibits tumor suppression[1]. Note: CANDDY refers to Chemical knockdown with Affinity aNd Degradation DYnamics.

  • CAS Number: 2227029-18-5
  • MF: C44H54Cl2N8O5
  • MW: 845.86
  • Catalog: Ras
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Chloropyramine

Chloropyramine is competitive reversible H1 receptor antagonist. Chloropyramine also has anti-tumour activity in breast cancer. Chloropyramine can be used for the research of allergic conditions, such as conjunctivitis and bronchial asthma[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 59-32-5
  • MF: C16H20ClN3
  • MW: 289.80300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.158g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 413.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 25°C
  • Flash Point: 203.9ºC

4-Hydroxypropranolol D7 hydrochloride

4-Hydroxypropranolol D7 hydrochloride ((±)-4-hydroxy Propranolol D7 hydrochloride) is a deuterium labeled 4-Hydroxypropranolol hydrochloride. 4-Hydroxypropranolol hydrochlorid is an active metabolite of Propranolol, with potency comparable to Propranolol. 4-Hydroxypropranolol hydrochlorid inhibits β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors with pA2 values of 8.24 and 8.26, respectively. 4-Hydroxypropranolol hydrochlorid has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, membrane stabilizing activity and potent antioxidant properties[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1219804-03-1
  • MF: C16H15D7ClNO3
  • MW: 282.386
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 487.5±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 248.6±25.9 °C

Emodin-8-O-(6'-methylma1onyl)-glucopyranoside

Emoghrelin, isolated from? Heshouwu Polygonum multiflorum, stimulates growth hormone secretion via activation of the ghrelin receptor[1].

  • CAS Number: 928262-58-2
  • MF: C24H22O13
  • MW: 518.42
  • Catalog: GHSR
  • Density: 1.675±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: 889.3±65.0 °C(Predicted)
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

metaterol

Metaterol is a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist[1].

  • CAS Number: 3571-71-9
  • MF: C11H17NO2
  • MW: 195.26
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.099g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 355.9ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 143ºC

Metoprolol-d5

Metoprolol-d5 is the deuterium labeled Metoprolol[1]. Metoprolol is an orally active, selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Metoprolol shows anti-inflammation, antitumor and anti-angiogenic properties[2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 959786-79-9
  • MF: C15H20D5NO3
  • MW: 272.39
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Benzamide Derivative 1

Benzamide Derivative 1 is a benzamide derivative from patent EP0213775A1, compound 18. Benzamide Derivative 1 may be useful in treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.

  • CAS Number: 108226-05-7
  • MF: C22H34ClN3O3
  • MW: 423.98
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pregnenolone monosulfate

Pregnenolone monosulfate acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, reduces several effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

  • CAS Number: 1247-64-9
  • MF: C21H32O5S
  • MW: 396.54100
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cariprazine

Cariprazine is a novel antipsychotic drug candidate that exhibits high affinity for the D3 (Ki=0.085 nM) and D2 (Ki=0.49 nM) receptors, and moderate affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor (Ki=2.6 nM).

  • CAS Number: 839712-12-8
  • MF: C21H32Cl2N4O
  • MW: 427.411
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 600.1±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 316.7±31.5 °C

Denopamine

Denopamine ((R)-(-)-Denopamine) is an orally active, selective β1-adrenergic agonist. Denopamine prolongs survival in a murine model of congestive heart failure induced by viral myocarditis: suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α production in the heart. Cardiovascular effects[1].

  • CAS Number: 71771-90-9
  • MF: C18H23NO4
  • MW: 317.38
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.177g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 518.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 267.6ºC

LY306669

LY306669 is a potent and selective leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist that can be used for the research of lung injury[1].

  • CAS Number: 153227-04-4
  • MF: C23H28FN4NaO2
  • MW: 434.48200
  • Catalog: Leukotriene Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 585.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 308.1ºC

Aclidinium bromide

Aclidinium Bromide(LAS 34273; LAS-W 330) is a long-acting, inhaled muscarinic antagonist as a maintenance treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). IC50 value:Target: M3 receptorPreclinically, aclidinium showed potent antagonism of human muscarinic receptors, with a long residence time at M3 receptors and a shorter residence time at M2 receptors, indicating the potential to provide sustained bronchodilation. Aclidinium is rapidly hydrolysed in human plasma, unlike other currently available antimuscarinics including tiotropium. Early clinical studies in healthy subjects have confirmed the low systemic bioavailability and favourable safety profile of single and multiple doses of aclidinium. In a subsequent Phase IIb study, which included 464 patients with moderate to severe COPD, aclidinium displayed long-lasting bronchodilatory activity and was well tolerated.

  • CAS Number: 320345-99-1
  • MF: C26H30BrNO4S2
  • MW: 564.555
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Apraclonidine

Apraclonidine hydrochloride (ALO 2145), a selective α2 and weak α1 receptor agonist activity, effectively lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) in human eyes. Apraclonidine hydrochloride is a topical ophthalmic solution[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 66711-21-5
  • MF: C9H10Cl2N4
  • MW: 245.10800
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.63g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 395.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 193ºC

[Ala17]-MCH

[Ala17]-MCH, a MCH analogue (HY-P1525A), is a selective ligand for MCHR1 (Ki=0.16 nM) over MCHR2 (Ki=34 nM). [Eu3+ chelate-labeled [Ala17]-MCH shows high affnity for MCHR1 (Kd=0.37 nM) while has little demonstrable binding affnity for MCHR2[1].

  • CAS Number: 359784-84-2
  • MF: C97H155N29O26S4
  • MW: 2271.707
  • Catalog: MCHR1 (GPR24)
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Methylergometrine

Methylergometrine (Methylergonovine) is an orally active 5-HT2B ligand agonist. Methylergometrine can be used as oxytocin and has protective effect on postpartum hemorrhage[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 113-42-8
  • MF: C20H25N3O2
  • MW: 339.431
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 638.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 172ºC
  • Flash Point: 339.9±31.5 °C

RBC8

RBC8 is a novel small molecule inhibitor of Ral GTPase; has IC50 of 3.5 μM in H2122 cell and 3.4 μM in H358 cell.IC50 value:Target: Ral GTPase inhibitorRBC8 or BQU57 treatment showed no further inhibition of colony formation after Ral knockdown. RBC8 and BQU57 showed favorable properties that define good drug candidates. To test the effect of Ral inhibitors on xenograft tumor growth, nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with H2122 human lung cancer cells and treated intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg/d of RBC8 for 21 days (except weekends). RBC8 inhibited tumor growth to a similar extent as dual knockdown of RalA and RalB.

  • CAS Number: 361185-42-4
  • MF: C25H20N4O3
  • MW: 424.45100
  • Catalog: Ras
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sodium deoxycholate

Deoxycholic acid sodium salt is specifically responsible for activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

  • CAS Number: 302-95-4
  • MF: C24H39NaO4
  • MW: 414.554
  • Catalog: GPCR19
  • Density: 1.128g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 547.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 357-365 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

LY3027788 hydrochloride

LY3027788 hydrochloride, a diester analog of LY3020371 which is an mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist, is a potent and orally active prodrug of LY3020371. LY3027788 hydrochloride has antidepressant efficacy[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1377615-55-8
  • MF: C25H32ClF2NO11S
  • MW: 628.04
  • Catalog: mGluR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Alniditan dihydrochloride

Alniditan (Alnitidan) dihydrochloride is a potent 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors agonist, with IC50s of 1.7 nM and 1.3 nM for h5-HT1B and h5-HT1D receptors in HEK 293 cells, respectively. Alniditan dihydrochloride has migraine-preventive effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 155428-00-5
  • MF: C17H28Cl2N4O
  • MW: 375.34
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(-)-Camphoric acid

(-)-Camphoric acid is the less active enantiomer of Camphoric acid. Camphoric acid stimulates osteoblast differentiation and induces glutamate receptor expression. Camphoric acid also significantly induced the activation of NF-κB and AP-1[1].

  • CAS Number: 560-09-8
  • MF: C10H16O4
  • MW: 200.23200
  • Catalog: mGluR
  • Density: 1.177g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 312ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 188-190ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 156.7ºC

N-Allylnormetazocine hydrochloride

(+)-N-Allylnormetazocine ((+)-SKF 10047) hydrochloride is a benzomorphan opioid with psychotomi metic effects. (+)-N-Allylnormetazocine hydrochloride is an opioid receptor antagonist with Ki values of 300 nM and 27 μM for σ1 and σ2 opioid receptors, respectively. (+)-N-Allylnormetazocine hydrochloride can be used for the research of neurological disease[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 133005-41-1
  • MF: C17H24ClNO
  • MW: 293.83200
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

KSK67

KSK67 is a high-affinity dual sigma-2 and histamine H3 receptor antagonist, with Kis of 3.2, 1531, 101 nM for H3 receptor, sigma-1, sigma-2 receptor respectively. KSK67 can be used for research of nociceptive and neuropathic pain[1].

  • CAS Number: 2566715-93-1
  • MF: C22H27N3O2
  • MW: 365.47
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

dimethindene

Dimethindene is a potent, selective histamine H1 antagonist. Dimethindene impairs cutaneous wound healing (WH). Dimethindene can block K+ currents[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 5636-83-9
  • MF: C20H24N2
  • MW: 292.41800
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.065 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 416.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 50 - 53 °C
  • Flash Point: 205.6ºC

4-DAMP

4-DAMP is a potent antagonist of M3 receptor and also has a high affinity for the closely-related M5 receptor[1].

  • CAS Number: 1952-15-4
  • MF: C21H26INO2
  • MW: 451.34
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Xamoterol hemifumarate

Xamoterol hemifumarate is a selective and potent agonist of beta1-adrenergic receptor. Xamoterol hemifumarate has the potential for the research of arrhythmogenesis. Xamoterol hemifumarate has the potential for the investigating the relationship between β1-adrenergic stimulation and IKr[1].

  • CAS Number: 73210-73-8
  • MF: C16H25N3O5
  • MW: 339.38700
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 651.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 168-169ºC (dec)
  • Flash Point: 347.7ºC

Zolertine Hydrochloride

Zolertine hydrochloride is an α-adrenoceptor antagonist with a pKi of 6.81 in rat liver (α1B-adrenoceptors) and 6.35 in rabbit liver (α1A-adrenoceptors) membranes[1].

  • CAS Number: 7241-94-3
  • MF: C13H19ClN6
  • MW: 294.78
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GR 89696 free base

GR 89696 free base is a highly selective κ2 opioid receptor agonist with potential to prevent pruritus[1].

  • CAS Number: 126766-31-2
  • MF: C19H25Cl2N3O3
  • MW: 414.33
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HAEGTFTSDVS

HAEGTFTSDVS is the first N-terminal 1-11 residues of GLP-1 peptide.

  • CAS Number: 864915-61-7
  • MF: C48H71N13O20
  • MW: 1150.18
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BIMU 8

BIMU 8 is a potent and selective 5-HT4 agonist with EC50s of 18 nM, 77 nM, and 540 nM for wild type 5HT4 receptor, T3.36A, and W6.48A mutant 5-HT4 receptors[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 134296-40-5
  • MF: C19H27ClN4O2
  • MW: 378.89600
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A