Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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Cyclovirobuxine

Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D) is the main active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Buxus microphylla. Cyclovirobuxine D induces autophagy and attenuates the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR[1]. Cyclovirobuxine D inhibits cell proliferation of gastric cancer cells through suppression of cell cycle progression and inducement of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis[2]. Cyclovirobuxine D is beneficial for heart failure induced by myocardial infarction[3].

  • CAS Number: 860-79-7
  • MF: C26H46N2O
  • MW: 402.656
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 495.7±10.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 34.1±9.6 °C

Lidocaine-d6 hydrochloride

Lidocaine-d6 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Lidocaine (hydrochloride). Lidocaine hydrochloride (Lignocaine hydrochloride) inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence[1]. Lidocaine hydrochloride decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine hydrochloride is an amide derivative and a drug to treat ventricular arrhythmia and an effective tumor-inhibitor[2].

  • CAS Number: 2517378-96-8
  • MF: C14H17D6ClN2O
  • MW: 276.84
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Apremilast-d5

Apremilast D5 (CC-10004 D5) is a deuterium labeled Apremilast. Apremilast is an orally available inhibitor of type-4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE-4) with an IC50 of 74 nM. Apremilast inhibits TNF-α release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an IC50 of 104 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1258597-47-5
  • MF: C22H19D5N2O7S
  • MW: 465.53100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

anti-TNBC agent-2

anti-TNBC agent-2 an anti-Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) purine derivative. anti-TNBC agent-2 induces MDA-MB-231 cells apoptosis, and inhibits its migration and angiogenesis. anti-TNBC agent-2 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis and reduces the expression of Ki67 and CD31 protein in TNBC xenograft models. anti-TNBC agent-2 can be used for Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2422001-22-5
  • MF: C28H37ClFN7O
  • MW: 542.09
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

D-Mannitol-2-13C

D-Mannitol-2-13C is the 13C labeled D-Mannitol.

  • CAS Number: 287100-69-0
  • MF: C6H14O6
  • MW: 183.16400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 167-170ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

L-Glutamine-2-13C

L-Glutamine-2-13C (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide-2-13C) is the 13C-labeled L-Glutamine. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 180991-02-0
  • MF: C413CH10N2O3
  • MW: 147.14
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tubulin polymerization-IN-26

Tubulin polymerization-IN-26 (compound 12h) can inhibit the polymerization of microtubulin by binding to the colchicine binding site of microtubulin with an IC50 value of 4.64 μM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-26 can induce apoptosis and inhibit cell metastasis or migration, and can be used as a potential compound for lung cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2490291-68-2
  • MF: C25H23N3O2
  • MW: 397.47
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bcl-2-IN-9

Bcl-2-IN-9 is a novel proapoptotic Bcl-2 inhibitor with IC50 value of 2.9 μM and low cytotoxic. Bcl-2-IN-9 mediates apoptosis by down-regulating expression of Bcl-2 in cancer cells and has a high selectivity against leukemia cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2490542-33-9
  • MF: C27H31N7O3S
  • MW: 533.65
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ganoderic acid Mf

Ganoderic acid Mf is an antitumor triterpenoid. Ganoderic acid Mf causes cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Ganoderic acid Mf shows high selectivity between normal and cancer cells and induces cell apoptosis via mitochondria mediated pathway[1].

  • CAS Number: 108026-94-4
  • MF: C32H48O5
  • MW: 512.72
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Rilmenidine phosphate

Rilmenidine phosphate, an antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine phosphate acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na+/H+ antiport. Rilmenidine phosphate induces autophagy. Rilmenidine phosphate is also an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine phosphate modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 85409-38-7
  • MF: C10H19N2O5P
  • MW: 278.242
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 609.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 322.1ºC

Bromelain

Bromelain is an anti-inflammatory drug derived from pineapple stem that acts through down-regulation of plasma kininogen, inhibition of Prostaglandin E2 expression, degradation of advanced glycation end product receptors and regulation of angiogenic biomarkers as well as antioxidant action upstream in the COX-pathway[1]. Bromelain exhibits various fibrinolytic, antiedematous, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Bromelain also possesses some anticancerous activities and promotes apoptotic cell death[2].

  • CAS Number: 9001-00-7
  • MF: C9H14N4O3
  • MW: 226.232
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 656.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 350.7±31.5 °C

PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-3

PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-3 is a MDM2 degrader based on PROTAC technology. PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-3 composes of a potent MDM2 inhibitor, linker, and the MDM2 ligand for E3 ubiquitin ligase[1].

  • CAS Number: 2249750-23-8
  • MF: C72H78Cl4N8O15
  • MW: 1437.25
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HIRUDIN LEECH, RECOMBINANT

Hirudin is a Thrombin inhibitor with blood anticoagulant property. Hirudin has potent anti-thrombotic, wound repair, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor and anti-hyperuricemia effects. Hirudin also affects diabetic complications, cerebral hemorrhage, and others[1].

  • CAS Number: 8001-27-2
  • MF: C287H440N80O110S6
  • MW: 7027
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CuATSM

CuATSM is a highly potent radical-trapping antioxidant (RTA) and inhibitor of (phospho)lipid peroxidation, thereby accounting for its (their) ability to inhibit ferroptosis.

  • CAS Number: 68341-09-3
  • MF: C8H14CuN6S2
  • MW: 321.91
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Xanthatin

Xanthatin is isolated from Xanthium strumarium leaves. Xanthatin exhibits strong antitumor activities against a variety of cancer cells through apoptosis persuasion and shows anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting PGE2 synthesis and 5-lipoxygenase activity[1]. Xanthatin is a potent and orally active inhibitor of VEGFR2 kinase activity with an IC50 of 3.8 μM and prominently blocks the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 at Tyr951 site. Xanthatin inhibits angiogenesis and has the potential for the investigation of breast cancer[2].

  • CAS Number: 26791-73-1
  • MF: C15H18O3
  • MW: 246.302
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 444.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 114.5-115°
  • Flash Point: 199.1±28.8 °C

AM-7209

A potent and selective inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction with Kd of 38 pM, and IC50 of 1.6 nM; potently inhibits cell growth on-target in the tumor cell line with wild-type p53 cell with IC50 of 2 nM, exhibits >12,500-fold selectivity over those with p53-deficient cells; demonstrates remarkable pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo antitumor activity in both the SJSA-1 osteosarcoma xenograft model (ED50=2.6 mg/kg QD) and the HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma xenograft model (ED50=10 mg/kg QD).

  • CAS Number: 1623432-51-8
  • MF: C37H41Cl2FN2O7S
  • MW: 747.700
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 896.2±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 495.8±34.3 °C

Pifithrin-µ

Pifithrin-μ is an inhibitor of p53 and HSP70, with antitumor and neuroprotective activity.

  • CAS Number: 64984-31-2
  • MF: C8H7NO2S
  • MW: 181.212
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 351.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 135.0 to 139.0 °C
  • Flash Point: 166.5±23.2 °C

Nudol

Nudol is a phenanthrene compound that has anti-cancer activity. Nudol inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis. Nudol inhibits MMP-2M and MMP-9 activity (Ki: 988.9 nM, 1.76 μM, respectively). Nudol can be used in the research of cancers, such as osteosarcoma[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 86630-46-8
  • MF: C16H14O4
  • MW: 270.28000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 512.4 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cot inhibitor-2

Cot inhibitor-2 is a COT/Tpl2 inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 915363-56-3
  • MF: C26H25Cl2FN8
  • MW: 539.43500
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.45
  • Boiling Point: 713.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 385.2ºC

Methylthiouracil

Methylthiouracil is an antithyroid agent. Methylthiouracil suppresses the production TNF-α and IL-6, and the activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2.

  • CAS Number: 56-04-2
  • MF: C5H6N2OS
  • MW: 142.179
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 342.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: ~330 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 160.8ºC

Belapectin

Belapectin (GR-MD-02) is a Galectin-3 (Gal-3) inhibitor. Belapectin drives tumor-induced immunosuppression by inducing T cell Apoptosis. Belapectin promotes tumor regression and improves survival of tumor-bearing mice through a CD8+ T cell-dependent mechanism. Belapectin binds to Gal-3 with affinity Ki of 2.8 μM[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

INCB3619

INCB3619 is a selective and orally active ADAM inhibitor with IC50 of 22 nM and 14 nM for ADAM10 and ADAM17, respectively. INCB3619 has anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 791826-72-7
  • MF: C22H27N3O5
  • MW: 413.46700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RTA 744

RTA 744 (WP 744) is a Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) analogue. RTA 744 triggers apoptosis and cell killing in NB cells by activating proapoptotic mediators. RTA 744 has proapoptotic and anti-leukemia activities. RTA 744 can be used for cancer research[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 293736-67-1
  • MF: C34H36ClNO11
  • MW: 670.10300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mulberroside A

Mulberroside A, the major active anti-tyrosinase compound in the root bark extract of Morus alba L. (Moraceae), is widely employed as an active ingredient in whitening cosmetics. IC50 value: 1.29 μmol/L (inhibition of the monophenolase activity); KI value: 0.385 μmol/L (the inhibition constant of the effectors on tyrosinase); KIS value: 0.177 μmol/L (the inhibition constant of the enzyme-substrate complex) [3] Target:In vitro: Mulberroside A decreased the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and inhibited the activation of NALP3, caspase-1, and nuclear factor-κB and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 exhibiting anti-inflammatory antiapoptotic effects [1]. Mulberroside A treatment significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of P-gp in Caco-2 cells after treatment with Mulberroside A (5–20 μM). PKC and NF-κB might play crucial roles in Mulberroside A-induced suppression of P-gp [2]. In vivo:

  • CAS Number: 102841-42-9
  • MF: C26H32O14
  • MW: 568.524
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 954.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 531.2±34.3 °C

STM3006

STM3006 is a highly potent, selective and orally active METTL3 inhibitor. STM3006 can be used for the research of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2499664-52-5
  • MF: C25H27BrN8
  • MW: 519.44
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DCVC

DCVC inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extra placental membranes in vitro.Target: TNF-αin vitro: DCVC inhibits pathogen stimulated cytokine release from tissue punch cultures. DCVC (5-50 μM) significantly inhibits LTA-, LPS-, and GBS-stimulated cytokine release from tissue cultures as early as 4 h (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, TCA (up to 500 μM) does not inhibit LTA-stimulated cytokine release from tissue punches. DCVC effects on LTA-stimulated and LPS-stimulated TNF-α release from tissue punch cultures of extraplacental membranes. DCVC effects on GBS-stimulated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from extraplacental membranes in transwell cultures.

  • CAS Number: 13419-46-0
  • MF: C5H7Cl2NO2S
  • MW: 216.08600
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.544g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 339.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 159.2ºC

Fludarabine triphosphate

Fludarabine triphosphate (F-ara-ATP), the cytotoxic metabolite of Fludarabine phosphate (HY-B0028), inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerase and ultimately leads to cellular apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 74832-57-8
  • MF: C10H15FN5O13P3
  • MW: 525.17
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GKK1032B

GKK1032B is an alkaloid compound that can be found in endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. GKK1032B can induce the apoptosis of human osteosarcoma MG63 cells through caspase pathway activation[1].

  • CAS Number: 358375-11-8
  • MF: C32H39NO4
  • MW: 501.656
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 653.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 349.3±31.5 °C

LG308

LG308 is a novel synthetic compound with antimicrotubule activity. LG308 induces mitotic phase arrest and inhibits G2/M progression significantly which is associated with the upregulation of cyclin B1 and mitotic marker MPM-2 and the dephosphorylation of cdc2. LG308 also induces apoptosis and cell death. LG308 significantly suppresses tumor growth. LG308 with antimitotic activity has the potential for the research of prostate cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 1428341-65-4
  • MF: C19H17FN2O
  • MW: 308.35
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ganoderic acid Mk

Ganoderic acid Mk (GA-Mk) is a triterpenoid acid, that can be isolated from the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid Mk is efficiently anti-proliferative and can induce apoptosis of HeLa cells by mitochondria-mediated pathway. Ganoderic acid Mk can be used for cervical cancer research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 110024-14-1
  • MF: C34H50O7
  • MW: 570.76
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A