Chemsrc provides Signaling Pathways's classification. They are divided into Anti-infection, Antibody-drug Conjugate, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Cell Cycle/DNA Damage, Cytoskeleton, Epigenetics, GPCR/G Protein, Immunology/Inflammation, JAK/STAT Signaling, MAPK/ERK Pathway, Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel, Metabolic Enzyme/Protease, Neuronal Signaling, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, PROTAC, Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK, Stem Cell/Wnt, TGF-beta/Smad, Vitamin D Related, Others according to their Biological activity.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

m-PEG10-amine

m-PEG10-amine is a non-cleavable 10 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1]. m-PEG10-amine is also a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs[1].

  • CAS Number: 1383658-09-0
  • MF: C21H45NO10
  • MW: 471.583
  • Catalog: ADC Linker
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 518.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 254.4±22.4 °C

Leucosceptoside A

Leucosceptoside A is a phenylethanoid glycoside with anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypertensive activities. Leucosceptoside A shows inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and PKCα (IC50 of 19.0 μM)[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 83529-62-8
  • MF: C30H38O15
  • MW: 638.61400
  • Catalog: PKC
  • Density: 1.545g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 884.547ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 283.993ºC

Amino-PEG8-amine

Amino-PEG8-amine is a PEG-based (8 units) PROTAC linker can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.

  • CAS Number: 82209-36-7
  • MF: C18H40N2O8
  • MW: 412.519
  • Catalog: PROTAC Linker
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 493.4±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 244.7±21.0 °C

Asenapine

Asenapine(Org 5222) inhibits adrenergic receptor (α1, α2A, α2B, α2C) with Ki of 0.25-1.2 nM and also inhibits 5-HT receptor (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2C, 5A, 6, 7) with Ki of 0.03-4.0 nM. IC50 Value: 0.25-1.2 nM(Ki for adrenergic receptor); 0.03-4.0 nM(Ki for 5-HT receptor)Target: 5-HT Receptor; Adrenergic ReceptorAsenapine maleate is a 5-HT receptor antagonist (5-HT1A,1B, 5-HT2A, 2B, 2C, 5-HT5A, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7), a D2 antagonist, and an antipsychotic. Asenapine has a broad receptor affinity profile for most serotonergic, dopaminergic, and adrenergic receptors, with no appreciable affinity for muscarinic receptors. Asenapine may be a helpful treatment option for patients with schizophrenia when weight gain, dyslipidemia, and endocrine abnormalities are a concern.

  • CAS Number: 65576-45-6
  • MF: C17H16ClNO
  • MW: 285.768
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 357.9±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 170.2±27.9 °C

Clonidine-d4

Clonidine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Clonidine. Clonidine hydrochloride is an agonist of α2-adrenoceptor and potent antihypertensive agent[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 62497-68-1
  • MF: C9H5D4Cl2N3
  • MW: 234.12
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

OSu-PEG4-VC-PAB-MMAE

OSu-PEG4-VC-PAB-MMAE involves in GDP-FAmP4MMAE (Monomethylauristatin E) synthesis, which is for GDP label via site-specific conjugation[1].

  • CAS Number: 2762518-86-3
  • MF: C74H117N11O21
  • MW: 1496.78
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2,4,6-Triiodophenol

2,4,6-Triiodophenol is an orally active and potent leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis inhibitor. 2,4,6-Triiodophenol can induce mouse blastocysts apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 609-23-4
  • MF: C6H3I3O
  • MW: 471.801
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 3.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 316.3±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 157-159 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 145.1±27.9 °C

Tubulin polymerization-IN-12

Tubulin polymerization-IN-12 is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor (IC50=0.75 μM). Tubulin polymerization-IN-12 arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, and exhibits cytotoxicity against cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2377301-45-4
  • MF: C23H23N5O6
  • MW: 465.46
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Angenomalin

Angenomalin is a furanocoumarin from Angenlica anomala[1].

  • CAS Number: 18199-64-9
  • MF: C14H12O3
  • MW: 228.24
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 105-106 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

TPOP146

TPOP146 is a selective CBP/P300 benzoxazepine bromodomain inhibitor with Kd values of 134 nM and 5.02 μM for CBP and BRD4.

  • CAS Number: 2018300-62-2
  • MF: C27H35N3O5
  • MW: 481.584
  • Catalog: Epigenetic Reader Domain
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 641.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 341.9±31.5 °C

Shishijimicin A

Shishijimicin A is a novel antitumor agent found from the Ascidian Didemnum proliferum. Shishijimicin A shows anti-tumor activity with highly potent cytotoxicities[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 503860-50-2
  • MF: C46H52N4O12S4
  • MW: 981.18
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(R)-(-)-2-Butanol

(R)-(-)-2-Butanol is released by the females of the white grub beetle, Dasylepida ishigakiensis, to attract males. (R)-(-)-2-Butanol is an intermediate of pharmaceutical synthesis by coupling[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 14898-79-4
  • MF: C4H10O
  • MW: 147.172
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: 0.807
  • Boiling Point: 99-100ºC
  • Melting Point: -114ºC
  • Flash Point: 26ºC

Scaff10-8

Scaff10-8 is an inhibitor of AKAP-Lbc-RhoA interaction that acts by promoting the translocation of aquaporin-2 to the plasma membrane of renal collecting duct principal cells.

  • CAS Number: 777857-56-4
  • MF: C22H18O6
  • MW: 378.37
  • Catalog: ROCK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GSTO1-IN-1

GSTO1-IN-1 is a potent glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 31 nM.

  • CAS Number: 568544-03-6
  • MF: C10H12Cl2N2O3S
  • MW: 311.185
  • Catalog: Gutathione S-transferase
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DBCO-NH-(CH2)4COOH

DBCO-NH-(CH2)4COOH is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs[1].

  • CAS Number: 2375193-74-9
  • MF: C24H24N2O4
  • MW: 404.46
  • Catalog: PROTAC Linker
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Alendronate sodium

Alendronate sodium is an orally active nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. Alendronate sodium potently inhibits bone resorption. Alendronate sodium is used for the research of postmenopausal osteoporosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 129318-43-0
  • MF: C4H12NNaO7P2
  • MW: 271.078
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 616.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 326.7ºC

RS 39604 hydrochloride

RS 39604 is a potent, selective, and orally active 5-HT4 receptor antagonist with a pKi of 9.1 in guinea pig striatal membranes. RS 39604 displays a low affinity (pKi<6.5) for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, α1c, D1, D2, M1, M2, AT1, B1 and opioid mu receptors and moderate affinity for δ1, (pKi=6.8) and δ2 (pKi=7.8) sites[1].

  • CAS Number: 167710-87-4
  • MF: C26H37Cl2N3O6S
  • MW: 590.55900
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 746.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 405.5ºC

BCL6-IN-5

BCL6-IN-5 is a potent BCL6 inhibitor exacted from patent WO2018215801A1, example 1n, has a pIC50 of 5.82[1].

  • CAS Number: 2253878-09-8
  • MF: C17H19Cl2N5O2
  • MW: 396.27
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MMP13-IN-31f

MMP13-IN-31f is a highly potent, selective, orally bioavailable MMP-13 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.036 nM; exhibits 5,000-fold selectivity for MMP-13 over MMP-2, >1,500-fold selectivity over MMP-10, and >27,000-fold selectivity over MMP-1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 14, and TACE; prevents IL-1/OSM induced in vitro degradation of BNC (70.8% inhibition of cartilage degradation at 1 µM).

  • CAS Number: 935759-55-0
  • MF: C24H19FN6O4S
  • MW: 506.509
  • Catalog: MMP
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Notoginsenoside FP2

Notoginsenoside FP2, a dammarane-Type Bisdesmoside isolated from the Fruit Pedicels of Panax notoginseng, has potential to treat cardiovascular disease[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1004988-75-3
  • MF: C58H98O26
  • MW: 1211.4
  • Catalog: Cardiovascular Disease
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Neuropeptide S (human) trifluoroacetate salt

Neuropeptide S human is a potent endogenous neuropeptide S receptor agonist (EC50= 9.4 nM). Neuropeptide S human increases locomotor activity and wakefulness in mice. Neuropeptide S human also reduces anxiety-like behavior in mice.

  • CAS Number: 412938-67-1
  • MF: C93H155N31O28S
  • MW: 2187.48000
  • Catalog: Neurological Disease
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-, 2-[(2,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)Methylene]hydrazide

Hydroxy Dynasore (Dyngo-4a), a structural analog of Dynasore (HY-15304), is an potency improved, low cytotoxicity and non‐specific binding dynamin inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.38 μM and 2.3 μM for brain dynamin I and recombinant rat dynamin II, respectively. Hydroxy Dynasore inhibits dynamin‐dependent endocytosis of transferrin with an IC50 of 5.7 μM in vitro.

  • CAS Number: 1256493-34-1
  • MF: C18H14N2O5
  • MW: 338.314
  • Catalog: Dynamin
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Carmine

Carmine (Carmine red), a "semi-synthetic" dye, is a complex of aluminum and the natural dye Cochineal (Carminic acid). Cochineal is isolated from the native Mexican and South American insect. Carmine is a widely used "natural" food additive. Carmine provokes both an immediate hypersensitivity and a delayed systemic response with cutaneous expression[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1390-65-4
  • MF: C22H20O13
  • MW: 492.386
  • Catalog: Inflammation/Immunology
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 907.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 136ºC dec
  • Flash Point: 316.1±27.8 °C

Thalidomide-C2-amido-C2-COOH

Thalidomide-C2-amido-C2-COOH incorporates a CRBN ligand for the E3 ubiquitin ligase, and a linker. Thalidomide-C2-amido-C2-COOH can be used to design PROTAC CDK2/9 Degrader-1 (HY-130709)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2353496-84-9
  • MF: C19H20N4O7
  • MW: 416.38
  • Catalog: E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

hmmni-d3

HMMNI-d3 is deuterium labeled HMMNI. HMMNI (Hydroxy dimetridazole) is a hydroxy metabolite of Dimetridazole. Dimetridazole is a nitroimidazole class drug that combats protozoan infections[1].

  • CAS Number: 1015855-78-3
  • MF: C5H4D3N3O3
  • MW: 160.14600
  • Catalog: Infection
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MK-1064

MK-1064 is a selective orexin 2 receptor antagonist (2-SORA) for the research of insomnia.target: 2-SORA [1]In vivo: MK-1064 promotes sleep and increases both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep in rats at OX2R occupancies higher than the range observed for dual orexin receptor antagonists. MK-1064 increases NREM and REM sleep in dogs without inducing cataplexy. The reference for animal administration is 30 mg/kg. [2]

  • CAS Number: 1207253-08-4
  • MF: C24H20ClN5O3
  • MW: 461.900
  • Catalog: Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor)
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 662.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 354.4±31.5 °C

FAK-IN-8

FAK-IN-8 (compound 5h) is a FAK inhibitor (IC50=5.32 µM). FAK-IN-8 has good anti-proliferative activity and can be used in cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1374959-91-7
  • MF: C15H9Cl2N3O2S
  • MW: 366.22
  • Catalog: FAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide

Trimethyloctadecylammonium bromide is an inhibitor of dynamin, with an IC50 value of 1.9 μM for dynamin I. Trimethyloctadecylammonium bromide exhibits antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1120-02-1
  • MF: C21H46BrN
  • MW: 392.501
  • Catalog: Dynamin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: ~250 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

ALPHA,EPSILON-DIBENZOYL-DL-LYSINE

α,ε-Dibenzoyl-DL-lysine is a lysine derivative[1].

  • CAS Number: 32513-92-1
  • MF: C20H22N2O4
  • MW: 354.40000
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.213g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 700.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 146ºC
  • Flash Point: 377.5ºC

Ethofumesate

Ethofumesate, a chiral herbicide, acts by inhibiting mitosis and reducing photosynthesis and plant respiration[1].

  • CAS Number: 26225-79-6
  • MF: C13H18O5S
  • MW: 286.344
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 409.1±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 100ºC
  • Flash Point: 201.2±28.7 °C