5,7-Dimethoxyluteolin, a 5,7-dimethylluteolin derivative, is a dopamine transporter (DAT) activator with an EC50 of 3.417 μM[1].
GP1a is a potent agonist of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2). Gp1a is beneficial to skin wound healing. GP1a inhibits inflammation and fibrogenesis while promoting re-epithelialization[1].
SAGE-217 is a potent GABAA receptor agonist with EC50s of 296 and 163 nM for α1β2γ2 and α4β3δ GABAA receptors, respectively.
KU-32 is a novel, novobiocin-based Hsp90 inhibitor that can protect against neuronal cell death.
Garciniaxanthone E is a xanthone compound. Garciniaxanthone E significantly enhances cellular nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells. Garciniaxanthone E contributes to basic research and medicinal development in neurodegenerative diseases[1].
Solifenacin is a novel muscarinic receptor antagonist with pKis of 7.6, 6.9 and 8.0 for M1, M2 and M3 receptors, respectively.
Rubrofusarin 6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, the glycoside of Rubrofusarin, is a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor with the IC50 of 87.36 μM. Rubrofusarin 6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used for the research of comorbid diabetes and depression[1].
Sultopride-d5 (LIN-1418-d5) is the deuterium labeled Sultopride. Sultopride (LIN-1418) is a selective antagonist of dopamine D2 receptor[1][2].
MT-3014 is a potent, highly selective and brain-penetrated phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE 10A) inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.062 nM and 0.09 nM for human PDE 10A and bovine PDE 10A, respectively[1].
Eckol is a potent hMAO-A (Mixed) and hMAO-B (non-competitive) inhibitor with IC50s of 7.20 and 83.44 μM, respectively. Eckol shows stimulatory effects in maize and can be used as a plant biostimulant. Eckol also shows antiallergic and antiviral effects[1][2][3][4].
Tyr0-Neurokinin B (Tyr-NKB) is an analogue of Neurokinin B. Tyr0-Neurokinin B can exerts contractions in bladder[1].
GABAA receptor agent 4 (compound 1e) is a potent γ-GABAAR antagonist with an Ki of 0.18 µM. GABAA receptor agent 4 efficiently rescues inhibition of T cell proliferation. GABAA receptor agent 4 has the immunomodulatory potential[1].
α-Synuclein inhibitor 6 (compound 3ge) is a potent and BBB-penetrated inhibitor of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation, with an IC50 of 1.70 μM and inhibition ratio at 30 μM of 94.4%[1].
[D-Pro4,D-Trp7,9,Nle11] Substance P (4-11) is a potent neurokinin NK1 antagonist. [D-Pro4,D-Trp7,9,Nle11] Substance P (4-11) inhibits the effects of gold-protein-substance P (GPSP) and substance P (SP)[1].
Defensin NP-3A (NP-3A; Corticostatin 1) is a human granulocyte peptide, with anti-ACTH activity. Defensins are antimicrobial peptides with and cytotoxic activity[1][2].
NA-184 is a selective calpain-2 inhibitor. NA-184 inhibits TBI-induced cell death with an EC50 of 0.13 mg/kg[1].
DSRM-3716 (5-Iodoisoquinoline) is a potent and selective SARM1 NADase inhibitor with an IC50 of 75 nM. DSRM-3716 is selective against other NAD+-processing enzymes, receptors, and transporters. DSRM-3716 provides robust axon protection[1].
(E/Z)-HA155 is a potent autotaxin (ATX) type I inhibitor. (E/Z)-HA155 can be used for researching cancer, fibrotic diseases, inflammation, pain and angiogenesis[1].
CPPG ((RS)-CPPG) is a potent group II/III mGlu receptor antagonist. CPPG exhibits some selectivity (approximately 20 fold) for group III (IC50=2.2 nM) over group II (IC50=46.2 nM) mGlu receptors in the rat cerebral cortex. CPPG has weak effects at group I mGlu receptors[1].
Gangliotetraose (Gg4) is a tetrasccharide, exhibits major components including GM1 and its sialylated derivatives. GM1 facilitates efflux of nuclear Ca2+ and reduces the level of nuclear Ca2+ that characterizes the differentiated neuron. GM1 affects neuronal plasticity and repair mechanisms, as well as neurotrophin release in the brain[1][2].
Rolapitant (SCH619734) hydrochloride is a potent, selective, long-acting and orally active neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.66 nM. Rolapitant hydrochloride does not interact with CYP3A4. Rolapitant hydrochloride shows potent anti-emetic activity in a ferret emesis model[1][2].
NPPB is a blocker of the outwardly rectifying chloride channel (ORCC).
(R)-(-)-Rolipram is the R-enantiomer of Rolipram. Rolipram is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases PDE4 with IC50 of 3 nM, 130 nM and 240 nM for PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4D, respectively.
Theobromine is a methylxanthine found in cacao beans which can inhibit adenosine receptor A1 (AR1) signaling.
GPR183 antagonist SAE-14 is a potent, selective GPR183 antagonist with IC50 of 28.5 nM, inhibits GPR183-dependent 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol-induced calcium signaling in HL-60 cells.GPR183 antagonist SAE-14 inhibits calcium mobilization induced by 7α,25-OHC (EC80 209 nM).GPR183 antagonist SAE-14 reversed CCI-induced mechanical allodynia in a time-dependent manner when administered in vivo to mice.7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol induced allodynia in mice, SAE-14 blocked the effects of 7α,25-OHC in a dose-dependent manner.
Tarafenacin(SVT-40776) is a highly selective M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist (Ki= 0.19 nM), ~200 fold selectivity over M2 receptor.IC50 value: 0.19 nM (Ki) [1]Target: M3 muscarinic receptorin vitro: SVT-40776 is highly selective for M(3) over M(2) receptors (Ki = 0.19 nmol.L(-1) for M(3) receptor affinity). SVT-40776 was the most potent in inhibiting carbachol-induced bladder contractions of the anti-cholinergic agents tested, without affecting atrial contractions over the same range of concentrations. SVT-40776 exhibited the highest urinary versus cardiac selectivity (199-fold) [1]. SVT-40776 has a much higher binding affinity (K(d) = 0.4 nM) to M5 mAChR than that of solifenacin (K(d) = 31 nM) with the same reeptor. The calculated binding free energy change (-2.3 ± 0.3 kcal/mol) from solifenacin to SVT-40776 is in good agreement with the experimentally derived binding free energy change (-2.58 kcal/mol), suggesting that our modeled M5 mAChR structure and its complexes with the antagonists are reliable [2].in vivo: In the guinea pig in vivo model, SVT-40776 inhibited 25% of spontaneous bladder contractions at a very low dose (6.97 microg.kg(-1) i.v), without affecting arterial blood pressure [1].
Fremanezumab (TEV-48125) is a humanized IgG2a monoclonal antibody that selectively and potently binds to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide involved in central and peripheral pathophysiological events of migraine. Fremanezumab has the potential for chronic migraine research[1].
SDZ 220-581 ammonium salt is a potent, competitive antagonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype(pKi= 7.7). IC50 Value: Target: NMDA receptorin vitro: Wake-promoting doses of LSN2463359 and LSN2814617 attenuated deficits in performance induced by the competitiveNMDA receptor antagonist SDZ 220,581 in two tests of operant behaviour: the variable interval 30 s task and the DMTP task [1].in vivo: Administration of SDZ 220-581 or CGS 19755 was associated with a robust reduction in PPI, whereas L-701,324, 4-Cl-KYN or MLA failed to alter PPI [2]. With the most active agent, SDZ 220-581, full protection against maximal electroshock seizures (MES) was obtained at oral doses of 10 mg/kg in rats and in mice. The compound had a fast onset (< or = 1 hr) and a long duration (> or = 24 hr) of action [3]. Rats were pretreated with clozapine (0 or 5.0 mg/kg) or haloperidol (0 or 0.1 mg/kg), together with SDZ 220-581 (0 or 2.5 mg/kg), and tested. SDZ 220-581 and SDZ EAB-515 decreased PPI without affecting startle magnitude [4].
GBR 12783 dihydrochloride is a specific, potent and selective dopamine uptake inhibitor that inhibits the [3H]dopamine uptake by rat and mice striatal synaptosomes with IC50s of 1.8 nM and 1.2 nM, respectively. GBR 12783 dihydrochloride can improve memory performance and increase hippocampal acetylcholine release in rats[1][2].
Valeriotetrate C, a compound isolated from Valeriana jatamansi Jones, exhibits neuroprotective activity[1].