Anti-inflammatory agent 30 (Compound 5) is an anti-inflammatory agent with hepatoprotective activity[1].
4-Ethoxyphenol is an endogenous metabolite.
MCHr1 antagonist 1 is a selective antagonist of melanin concentrating hormone-1 (MCH1) receptor, with a Kb of 1 nM and a Ki of 4 nM at human MCH1, and may be used to reduce the body mass.
Benzophenone-d5 is the deuterium labeled Benzophenone[1]. Benzophenone is an endogenous metabolite.
Glabrone is an isoflavone isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. Glabrone exhibits anti-influenza activity and significant PPAR-γ ligand-binding activity[1][2].
AZ-PFKFB3-67 is potent and selective PFKFB3 kinase inhibitor, with IC50s of 11, 159 and 1130 nM for PFKFB3, PFKFB2 and PFKFB1 respectively[1].
Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is an isoflavone isolated from extracts of Potentilla astracanica. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a potent and uncompetitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, with an IC50 of 56.05 μg/mL. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used for the research of type-2 diabetes[1].
N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose.
(R)-(-)-Phenylephrine is a selective α1-adrenoceptor agonist primarily used as a decongestant.
HJC0197 is a potent Epac1 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1) and Epac2 (IC50=5.9 μM for Epac2) antagonist. HJC0197 selectively blocks cAMP-induced Epac activation. HJC0197 inhibits Epac1-mediated Rap1-GDP exchange activity at 25 μM in the presence of equal concentration of cAMP[1].
L-Lactic acid-13C3 is a stable isotope labeled L-Lactic acid analog. L-Lactic acid-13C3 can be used for lactate metabolism research[1].
Boc-Leu-OH·H2O-13C is a 13C-labeled γ-Tocotrienol. γ-Tocotrienol is an active form of vitamin E[1].
Propionyl coenzyme A lithium, a coenzyme A derivative of propionic acid, is an important metabolic intermediate formed by the thioester bond between coenzyme A and propionic acid. The breakdown and production of Propionyl coenzyme A lithim is important for the metabolism of organisms[1][2].
AMG-076 is an orally bioavailable and selective MCHR1 antagonist. AMG-076 results in significant reduction in body weight gain in nonobese mice fed a high-fat diet and in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice[1].
Arochlor 1254 is a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture with biphenyl and 54% chlorine. Aroclor 1254 reduced cell viability and induced overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner. Arochlor 1254 exposure reduces calcium homeostasis, osteoblast differentiation and bone formation[1].
T2 toxin Triol is a trichothecene mycotoxin derived by the metabolism of T-2 toxin. It is less toxic than T-2 toxin[1]. T2 toxin Triol major metabolites are evaluated in broiler chickens with Half-lives (t1/2λz), Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and Tmax values of 9.6 mins, 563 ng/ml , 2.5 mins, respectively[2].
Bezafibrate-d4 is deuterium labeled Bezafibrate. Bezafibrate is an agonist of PPAR, with EC50s of 50 μM, 60 μM, 20 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, and 90 μM, 55 μM, 110 μM for murine PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively; Bezafibrate is used as an hypolipidemic agent.
Palmitic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells[1][2].
1-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-prenylphenyl), isolated from Broussonetia kazinoki, shows in vitro inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) with an IC50 of 13.00 μM. PTP1B is a negative regulator of insulin action and an important mediator in the pathogenesis of insulinresistance and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PTP1B is regarded as a significant target for type 2 diabetes[1].
Phenylbutyrate is a potent histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor. Phenylbutyrate can be used for urea cycle disorder research[1][2].
Lubiprostone(SPI-0211;RU0211) is a gastrointestinal agent used for the treatment of idiopathic chronic constipation.Target: OthersLubiprostone is a bicyclic fatty acid derived from prostaglandin E1 that acts by specifically activating ClC-2 chloride channels on the apical aspect of gastrointestinal epithelial cells, producing a chloride-rich fluid secretion. These secretions soften the stool, increase motility, and promote spontaneous bowel movements (SBM). From Wikipedia.
Tibric acid (CP 18524) has similar effects to those of hypolipidemic agents. Tibric acid has orally active triglyceride-lowering effects. Tibric acid can be used for research of hypertriglyceridemia[1][2].
Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose sodium (ADP ribose sodium) is a nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD+) metabolite. Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose sodium is the most potent and primary intracellular Ca2+-permeable cation TRPM2 channel activator. Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose sodium also can enhance autophagy[1][2].
KD3010 is a potent, orally active, and selective PPARδ agonist.
Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium is an endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotide which has been isolated from thrombocytes. Diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnA, n=2–7) have been identified as constituents of secretory vesicles such as in platelets, chromaffin cells, Torpedo synaptic terminals and brain synaptosomes[1][2].
Orobol is one of the major soy isoflavones and has various pharmacological activities, including anti-skin-aging and anti-obesity effects. Orobol inhibits CK1ε, VEGFR2, MAP4K5, MNK1, MUSK, TOPK, and TNIK (IC50=1.24-4.45 μM). Orobol also inhibits PI3K isoforms (IC50=3.46-5.27 μM for PI3K α/β/γ/K/δ)[1][2].
Nicodicosapent is a fatty acid niacin conjugate that is also an inhibitor of the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), a key regulator of cholesterol metabolism proteins such as PCSK9, HMG-CoA reductase, ATP citrate lyase, and NPC1L1.
Tolbutamide sodium is a potent and orally active antidiabetic agent. Tolbutamide sodium induces apoptosis in a Ca2+ dependent manner in pancreatic β-cells. Tolbutamide sodium has the potential for the research of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus[1][2].
14-Deoxyandrographolide, a bioactive compound of Andrographis paniculata, has hepatoprotective efficacy. 14-Deoxyandrographolide desensitizes hepatocytes to TNF-α-mediated apoptosis through the release of TNFRSF1A release[1].
BETP is an agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, with EC50s of 0.66 and 0.755 μM for human and rat GLP-1 receptor, respectively.