Antiplatelet agent 2 (compound 7p) is a Ticagrelor analoguehas, possessing antiplatelet activity. Antiplatelet agent 2 can be used for researching platelet aggregation[1].
Edoxaban-d6 is deuterium labeled Edoxaban. Edoxaban (DU-176) is a selective, potent and orally active factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor with Kis of 0.561 nM and 2.98 nM for free FXa and prothrombinase, respectively. Edoxaban is an anticoagulant agent and can be used for stroke prevention. Edoxaban is a also weak inhibitor of thrombin and factor IXaβ (FIXa), with Kis of 6.00 μM and 41.7 μM, respectively, exhibits >10 000-fold selectivity for FXa. Edoxaban has antithrombotic properties and has potential for thromboembolic diseases treatment[1][2][3].
AVE 0991 sodium salt is a nonpeptide and orally active Ang-(1-7) receptor Mas agonist. AVE 0991 competes for high-affinity binding of [125I]-Ang-(1-7) to bovine aortic endothelial cell membranes with IC50 of 21±35 nM.
Guanadrel is an orally active postganglionic adrenergic inhibitor of spiroketal. Guanadre can be used in anti-hypertensive studies[1].
Bay-K-8644 (S)-(-)- is an agonist of L-type Ca2+ channel. Bay-K-8644 (S)-(-)- activates Ba2+ currents (IBa) (EC50=32 nM).
Piboserod (SB 207266) is a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist.IC50 value:Target: 5-HT4 antagonistin vitro: Piboserod did not modify the basal contractions but concentration-dependently antagonized the ability of 5-HT to enhance bladder strip contractions to EFS. In presence of 1 and 100 nM of piboserod, the maximal 5-HT-induced potentiations were reduced to 45.0+/-7.9 and 38.7+/-8.7%, respectively [1].in vivo: Piboserod significantly increased LVEF by 1.7% vs. placebo (CI 0.3, 3.2, P = 0.020), primarily through reduced end-systolic volume from 165 to 158 mL (P = 0.060). There was a trend for greater increase in LVEF (2.7%, CI -1.1, 6.6, P = 0.15) in a small subset of patients not on chronic beta-blocker therapy. There was no significant effect on neurohormones, quality of life, or exercise tolerance. Patients on piboserod reported more adverse events, but numbers were too small to identify specific safety issues [2]. Pretreatment with potent 5-HT4 ligands dose-dependently reduced striatal SB207145 concentration and the effective dose to achieve 50% receptor occupancy (ED50 ) values were 4.8, 2.0, 7.4, 9.9, 3.8 and 0.02?mg/kg for GR113808, piboserod, prucalopride, RS67333, TD8954 and PF04995274, respectively [3].
1-Cyclohexyl-3-dodecyl urea (CDU; N-Cyclohexyl-N-dodecyl urea; NCND) is a highly selective soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor. 1-Cyclohexyl-3-dodecyl urea (CDU; N-Cyclohexyl-N-dodecyl urea; NCND) increases epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels and lowers blood pressure in angiotensin II (Ang II) hypertension[1].
Cavutilide, benzamide, is used as an antiarrhythmic, antiarythmique[1].
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) (1-28), rat is a major circulating form of ANP in rats, potently inhibits Angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated endothelin-1 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner.
GSK-199 hydrochloride is a potent, highly selective and reversible protein arginine deiminase PAD4 inhibitor with IC50 of 250 nM in FP binding assay (0.2 mM Ca), 200 nM in PAD4 NH3 release inhibition assay; shows high specificity for PAD4 over PAD1/2/3/6; affects cellular citrullination and mimic the deficiency in NET production in mice; significantly decreases in complement C3 deposition in both synovium and cartilage in mice.
Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) is a phenolic compound present in several plants with claimed beneficial effects in prevention and treatment of disorders linked to oxidative stress and inflammation.IC50 value:Target: 5-HT ReceptorIn vitro: In the present study we have showed that pre-treatment with Ferulic Acid (FA) reduces NO accumulation in the culture medium of LPS-induced macrophage cells. Moreover, real-time experiments have revealed that FA has an inhibitory effect at the transcriptional level on the expression of some inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α and iNOS and an activation effect on the expression of some antioxidant molecules such as Metallothioneins (MT-1, MT-2). Importantly, we have found that FA reduced the translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) into the nuclei through a reduction of the expression of phosphorylated IKK and consequently inhibited IL-6 and NF-κB promoter activity in a luciferase assay [1]. FA treatment significantly, although not completely, protected the cells against lead acetate-induced neurite outgrowth inhibition. The effects of FA could be blocked by PD98059, zinc protoporphyrin (Zn-PP), and Nrf2 shRNA. In addition, FA induced heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) gene expression, enhanced antioxidant response element (ARE) promoter activity, promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and Nrf2 translocation in PC12 cells exposed to lead acetate. ERK1/2 locate upstream of Nrf2 and regulate Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression in antioxidative effects of FA [2].In vivo: We aimed to verify the possible antidepressant-like effect of acute oral administration of Ferulic acid produced an antidepressant-like effect in the FST and TST (0.01–10 mg/kg, p.o.), without ccompanying changes in ambulation. The pretreatment of mice with WAY100635 (0.1 mg/kg, s.c., a selective 5-HT1A receptor ntagonist) or ketanserin (5 mg/kg, i.p., a 5-HT2A receptor ntagonist) was able to reverse the anti-immobility effect of ferulicacid (0.01 mg/kg, p.o.) in the TST. The combination of fluoxetine (5 mg/kg, p.o.), paroxetine (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) or sertraline (1 mg/kg, p.o.) with a sub-effective dose of ferulic acid (0.001 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a synergistic antidepressant-like effect in the TST, without causing hyperlocomotion in the open-field test. ferulic acid in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice [3].
6,9,12,15-Hexadecatetraenoic acid-ethyl ester is an orally active n-1PUFA. 6,9,12,15-Hexadecatetraenoic acid-ethyl ester intake can reduce plasma triglyceride content in mice[1].
NQ301 is an antithrombotic agent; inhibits collagen-challenged rabbit platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 10 mg/mL.
Palmitic acid-1-13C is the 13C-labeled Palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells[1][2].
Disopyramide phosphate is a class IA antiarrhythmic drug with efficacy in ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. Disopyramide phosphate blocks the fast inward sodium current of cardiac muscle and prolongs the duration of cardiac action potentials. Disopyramide phosphate inhibits HERG encoded potassium channels. Disopyramide phosphate also exhibits complex protein binding, and has a potent negative inotropic action[1][2][3].
CYM-5541 (ML249) is an selective and allosteric S1P3 receptor agonist with an EC50 between 72 and 132 nM.
Rhodamine 123 is a fluorescent dye (λex=503 nm, λem=527 nm).
Dihydroberberine inhibits human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels and remarkably reduces heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) expression and its interaction with hERG. Dihydroberberine has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, hypolipidemic and antitumor activities[1].
Win-62005 is a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase III (PDE III) inhibitor with Kis of 25 and 26 nM for rat heart and canine aorta, respectively.
S1P1 agonist 3 is a selective G-protein-biased sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1 ) agonist for endothelial protection.
Cardiogenol C hydrochloride is a cell-permeable pyrimidine compound which potently induces the differentiation of ESCs into cardiomyocytes (EC50= 100 nM).IC50 value: 100 nM (EC50)Target:in vitro: Cardiogenol C hydrochloride is a cardiomyogenesis inducer in embryonic stem cells. Cardiogenol C induces the differentiation of myosin heavy chain-positive cardiomyocytes from embryonic stem cells with an EC50 value of 0.1 μM; about 90% of embryonic stem cells treated with 0.25 μM of Cardiogenol C express the cardiac muscle cell specific transcription factors GATA-4, MEF2, and Nkx2.5 and display the characteristic beating behavior of differentiated cardiomyocytes. Cardiogenol C (a diaminopyrimidine) induces cardiac differentiation in P19 and in P19Cl6 cells. [1] Cardiogenol C could activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling to induce cardiogenesis. Cardiogenol C-treatment significantly decreased HBPCs proliferation. Cardiogenol C was able to induce HBPCs to transdifferentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells.[2]
BMS-593214 is an active site-directed factor (F) VIIa inhibitor. BMS-593214 shows antithrombotic and antihaemostatic properties. BMS-593214 is a direct competitive inhibitor of human FVIIa and a non-competitive inhibitor of Viia-activated substrate FX. BMS-593214 prevents electroinduced carotid artery thrombosis (AT) and wire induced vena cava thrombosis (VT)[1].
Binodenoson (MRE-0470) is a potent and selective A2A adenosine receptor agonist (KD=270 nM). Binodenoson is being developed as a short-acting coronary vasodilator as an adjunct to radiotracers for use in myocardial stress imaging[1].
Cloricromen (Cloricromene) hydrochloride is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Cloricromen hydrochloride can inhibit platelet aggregation in man and in experimental thrombosis[1].
Lp-PLA2-IN-3 is a potent and orally bioavailable lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 14 nM for recombinant human Lp-PLA2 (rhLpPLA2)[1].
Kadsurin A is a new lignan can be isolated from Piper futokadsura. Kadsurin A is a platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist that weakly inhibits the binding of PAF to its receptor[1].
Clazosentan (Ro 61-1790) is a selective endothelin A (ETA) receptor antagonist. Clazosentan inhibits ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction. Clazosentan prevents cerebral vasospasm, vasospasm-related cerebral infarction[1][5].
TRPM4 inhibitor 5 is a potent and selective inhibitor of TRPM4 with IC50 of 1.5 uM (Na+ influx); selectively inhibits TRPM4 overexpressed in HEK293 cells (IC50=1.8 uM) using classical patch-clamp electrophysiology recordings, shows no significant effect on the TRPM5 current, as well as other TRP family members including TRPM7, TRPM8, TRPV1 and TRPV6.
Echinocystic acid 28-O-β-D-glucoside is a metabolite of Echinocystic acid by microbial oxidation and glucosidation. Echinocystic acid 28-O-β-D-glucoside is a tissue factor pathway inhibitor, with an IC50 of 10.61 nM[1].
NKH477 (Colforsin dapropate hydrochloride) is a novel water-soluble forskolin derivative that improves cardiac failure mainly through its beneficial effects on diastolic cardiac function. NKH477 directly activates the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase and increases intracellular cAMP. NKH477 exerts an antiproliferative effect in vivo with an altered cytokine profile to inhibit the acute rejection of rat orthotopic lung allografts[1].