Epiberberine is an alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis, acts as a potent AChE and BChE inhibitor, and a non-competitive BACE1 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.07, 6.03 and 8.55 μM, respectively. Epiberberine has antioxidant activity, with peroxynitrite ONOO- scavenging effect (IC50, 16.83 μM), and may protect against Alzheimer disease[1]. Epiberberine inhibits the early stage of differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, downregulates the Raf/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and AMPKα/Akt pathways[2]. Epiberberine has the potential effect in the research of diabetic disease[3].
Tenuifolin is a triterpene isolated from Polygala tenuifolia Willd, has neuroprotective effects. Tenuifolin reduces Aβ secretion by inhibiting β-secretase. Tenuifolin improves learning and memory in aged mice by decreasing AChE activity and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment[1].
Atabecestat (JNJ-54861911, JNJ54861911) is a novel potent, oral beta-secretase (BACE) inhibitor for treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.
Aloenin (Aloenin A) is a class of anthraquinones isolated from Aloe arborescens. Aloenin has potent peroxyl radical-scavenging activities and moderate inhibitory active on β-secretase (BACE)[1][2].
BACE1-IN-6 is a BACE1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.5 nM.
Aloeresin D is a chromone glycoside isolated from Aloe vera, inhibits β-Secretase (BACE1) activity, with an IC50 of 39 μM[1].
β-Secretase Inhibitor II is a β-Secretase inhibitor. β-Secretase Inhibitor II is a simple tripeptide aldehyde (IC50=700 nM for inhibition of total Aβ and IC50=2.5 μM for Aβ1–42). β-Secretase Inhibitor II can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease[1].
LX2343 is a BACE1 enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 value of 11.43±0.36 μM. LX2343 acts as a non-ATP competitive PI3K inhibitor with an IC50 of 15.99±3.23 μM. LX2343 stimulates autophagy in its promotion of Aβ clearance.
Cassiaside is a naphthopyrone glucoside, shows mixed-type inhibition against BACE1 (IC50=4.45 μM; Ki=9.85 μM). Cassiaside possesses potential anti- Alzheimer's disease (AD) activity[1].
LY2886721 is an BACE inhibitor used for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.IC50 value:Target: BACELY2886721 is a novel potent agent that is used to treat Alzheimer’s Disease in preclinical experiments. LY2886721 is under clinical study. A Safety Study of LY2886721 Multiple Doses is performing in Healthy Subjects.
AZD3839 (free base) is a potent and selective BACE1 inhibitor with IC50 of 23.6 uM, about 14-fold selectivity over BACE2, also a β-secretase enzyme inhibitor.target: BACE1, β-secretase enzyme [1]IC50: 23.6 uM [1]AZD3839 dissolved in 0.33% dimethylsulfoxideIn vitro: AZD3839 and its metabolites M1 and M2 inhibited CYP3A4 in a reversible and an irreversible manner, which could affect not only the metabolism of other CYP3A4 substrates but also the metabolism of AZD3839 itself. [1]In vivo: AZD3839 is dissolved in 0.3 M gluconic acid, adjusted to pH 3. Solutions of 0.75, 2.5, and 7.5 mg/ml are prepared and are administered orally by gavage at 2 ml/kg body weight at 1.5, 5, and 15 mg/kg (study 1) and 15 mg/kg (study 2). [1]AZD3839 effectively reduces the levels of Aβ in brain, CSF, and plasma in several preclinical species. [2]
LY2811376 is the first orally available non-peptidic β-secretase (BACE1) inhibitor with IC50 of 239 nM-249 nM, that acts to decrease Aβ secretion with EC50 of 300 nM, and demonstrates to have 10-fold selectivity towards BACE1 over BACE2, and more than 50-fold inhibition over other aspartic proteases including cathepsin D, pepsin, or renin.
Epiberberine chloride, a natural alkaloid, is a BACE1 inhibitor, which also exhibits inhibition activity on CYP2D6 and aldose reductase, alpha-adrenoceptors, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase, and b-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1.
BACE1-IN-1 is a potent and highly brain penetrant BACE1 inhibitor with IC50s of 32 and 47 nM for human BACE1 and BACE2, respectively.
NB-360 is a potent, brain penetrable, and orally bioavailable dual BACE1/BACE2 inhibitor (IC50: mouse and human BACE1=5 nM; BACE2=6 nM). NB-360 shows a superior pharmacological profile and robust reduction of amyloid-β and neuroinflammation in amyloid precursor protein(APP) transgenic mice. NB-360 can completely block the progression of Aβ deposition in the brains of APP transgenic mice. NB-360 shows excellent selectivity over the related aspartyl proteases pepsin, cathepsin D and cathepsin E[1][2].
BACE1-IN-13 (Compound 36) is an orally active BACE1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.9 nM. BACE1-IN-13 is highly potent in hAβ42 cell (IC50 = 1.3 nM). BACE1-IN-13 has cardiovascularly safty and elicits sustained Aβ42 reduction in mouse and dog animal models[1].
LY2886721 hydrochloride is a potent, selective and orally active beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 20.3 nM for recombinant human BACE1. LY2886721 hydrochloride is selectivity against cathepsin D, pepsin, and renin, but lacking selectivity against BACE2 (IC50 of 10.2 nM). LY2886721 hydrochloride can across blood-brain barrier and has the potential for Alzheimer's disease treatment[1].
Memoquin is an anti-amyloid and anti-oxidant multi-target-directed ligand. Memoquin is an orally active inhibitor of BACE-1 and AChE with IC50 values of 108 and 1.55 nM, respectively. Memoquin is a cognitive enhancer that prevents the Aβ-induced neurotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress. Memoquin can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)[1][2].
BACE2-IN-1 (compound 3l) is a highly selective BACE2 inhibitor with a Ki value of 1.6 nM. BACE2 inhibitors can be used to research of Type 2 Diabetes[1].
Verubecestat (MK-8931) TFA is an orally active, high-affinity BACE1 and BACE2 inhibitor with Ki values of 2.2 nM and 0.38 nM. Verubecestat TFA effectively reduces Aβ40 and has the potential for Alzheimer's Disease[1][2].
OM99-2 TFA, an eight residue peptidomimetic, tight-binding inhibitor of human brain memapsin 2 with a Ki value of 9.58 nM[1]. OM99-2 TFA is significantly advanced the development of BACE1 inhibitor[2], has the potential for the research of the Alzheimer's disease[3].
Eslicarbazepine acetate, an antiepileptic drug, is a dual a dual Inhibitor of β-Secretase and voltage-gated sodium channel.
Glabrolide, derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., is a β-secretase 1 (BACE-1) inhibitor[1].
BACE-1 inhibitor 1 (Compound 8a) is a potent BACE-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 56 nM[1].
LY3202626 is a small molecule non-selective BACE1 inhibitor, causes dose-dependent reductions in CSF and plasma Aβ concentrations, shows potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Disease Phase 2 Clinical
OM99-2, an eight residue peptidomimetic, tight-binding inhibitor of human brain memapsin 2 with a Ki value of 9.58 nM[1]. OM99-2 is significantly advanced the development of BACE1 inhibitor[2], has the potential for the research of the Alzheimer's disease[3].
Multitarget AD inhibitor-1 is a selective and reversible butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor with IC50s of 7.22 μM and 1.55 μM for hBuChE and eqBuChE, respectively. Multitarget AD inhibitor-1 inhibits β-secretase (IC50hBACE-1=41.60 μM), amyloid β aggregation (IC50 Aβ=3.09 μM), tau aggregation (55% at 10 μM). Multitarget AD inhibitor-1, a diphenylpropylamine derivative, has the potential for multifunctional disease-modifying anti-Alzheimer’s[1].
AMG-8718 is a potent, selective and orally active BACE1 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.0007, 0.005 µM for BACE1 and BACE2, respectively. AMG-8718 significantly decreases Aβ40 levels in the CSF and brain[1].