α-Conotoxin AuIA is a potent and selective α3β4 n-nAChR inhibitor. α-Conotoxin AuIA is a α-conotoxin that can be isolated from Conus aulicus[1].
Bicuculline methobromide is a selective GABAA receptor antagonist with an IC50 value of 3 μM. Bicuculline methobromide induces clonic tonic convulsions in mammals and can also be used to block Ca2+ activated potassium channels. Bicuculline methobromide can be used in studies of epilepsy and other related psychiatric disorders[1][2].
Dehydronitrosonisoldipine is a calcium channel antagonist.
Dimdazenil (EVT-201) is a GABAA receptor partial positive allosteric modulator (PAM). Dimdazenil can be used in the research of insomnia[1].
UBP296 is a potent and selective antagonist of GLUK5-containing kainate receptor in the spinal cord. UBP296 reversibly blocks ATPA-induced depressions of synaptic transmission, and affects AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission directly in rat hippocampal slices[1].
PKF050-638 is a potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 Rev (IC50=0.04 μM). PKF050-638 inhibits the CRM1-mediated Rev nuclear export by disrupting CRM1-NES interaction[1].
HMR 1556, a chromanol derivative, is a IKs blocker with IC50s of 10.5 nM and 34 nM in canine and guinea pig left ventricular myocytes, respectively[1][2].
Lorediplon is a novel non-benzodiazepine, hypnotic drug acting as a GABAA receptor modulator, differentially active at the alpha1-subunit, associated with promoting sleep.Target: GABALorediplon is a drug for the treatment of insomnia, has been successfully completed with a best-in-class efficacy profile in terms of maintaining sleep and sleep quality, Lorediplon targets GABAA. [1] Lorediplon demonstrates a minimum of 10-fold and 6-fold increase in potency (respectively) in the spontaneous motor activation studies. At concentrations of 1.2mg/kg, Lorediplon demonstrates a 57%increased effect on Slow Wave Sleep (SWS), when compared with a placebo.[2]
Linopirdine (DuP 996) is an orally active, selective M-type K+ current (IM; Kv7; KCNQ Channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.4 μM. Linopirdine is a TRPV1 agonist. Linopirdine, a putative cognition enhancing drug, increases acetylcholine release in rat brain tissue[1][2][3].
Ketanserin is a selective 5-HT receptor antagonist. Ketanserin also blocks hERG current (IhERG) in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50=0.11 μM).
Zaldaride maleate (CGS-9343B) is a potent and selective inhibitor of calmodulin. Zaldaride maleate (CGS-9343B) inhibits CaM (calmodulin)-stimulated cAMP phosphodiesterase activity, with an IC50 of 3.3 nM[1][2]. Zaldaride maleate (CGS-9343B) prevents estrogen-induced transcription activation by ER, reversibly blocks voltage-activated Na+, Ca2+ and K+ currents in PC12 cells and inhibits nAChR[3].
Efonidipine(NZ-105) is a dual T-type and L-type calcium channel blocker (CCB).IC50 value: Target: calcium channel blockerin vitro: Efonidipine and nifedipine, but not other examined CCBs, also increased the N(6), 2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP)-induced StAR mRNA, which reflects the action of adrenocorticotropic hormone, and efonidipine and R(-)-efonidipine enhanced the dbcAMP-induced DHEA-S production in NCI-H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells [1]. I(Ca(T)) was blocked mainly by a tonic manner by nifedipine, by a use-dependent manner by mibefradil, and by a combination of both manners by efonidipine. IC50s of these Ca2+ channel antagonists to I(Ca(T)) and L-type Ca2+ channel current (I(Ca(L))) were 1.2 micromol/l and 0.14 nmol/l for nifedipine; 0.87 and 1.4 micromol/l for mibefradil, and 0.35 micromol/l and 1.8 nmol/l for efonidipine, respectively [4].in vivo: Twenty hypertensive patients on chronic hemodialysis were given efonidipine 20-60 mg twice daily and amlodipine 2.5-7.5 mg once daily for 12 weeks each in a random crossover manner. The average blood pressure was comparable between the efonidipine and amlodipine periods (151 + or - 15/77 + or - 8 versus 153 + or - 15/76 + or - 8 mmHg). The pulse rate did not change significantly during the administration periods [2]. In the UM-X7.1 group, EFO treatment significantly attenuated the decrease of LVEF without affecting blood pressure compared with the vehicle group. EFO treatment decreased heart rate (by approximately 10%) in both groups [3].
ASP7663 is an orally active and selective TRPA1 agonist. ASP7663 exerts both anti-constipation and anti-abdominal pain actions[1][2].
Oxcarbazepine-d4-1 is deuterium labeled Oxcarbazepine. Oxcarbazepine is a sodium channel blocker[1]. Oxcarbazepine significantly inhibits glioblastoma cell growth and induces apoptosis or G2/M arrest in glioblastoma cell lines[2]. Anti-cancer and anticonvulsant effects[2][3].
Allopregnanolone is a progesterone metabolite. Allopregnanolone is an allosteric modulator of the GABA receptor.
Ginsenoside Rf is a trace component of ginseng root. Ginsenoside Rf inhibits N-type Ca2+ channel.
Methionine-d3 is the deuterium labeled Methionine. Methionine (MRX-1024; D-Methionine) is an effective chemoprotective agent which can also inhibit the neuronal activity through GABAA receptor activation.
SCH28080 inhibits gastric H+/K+-ATPase by K+-competitive binding, with an IC50 value of 20 nM in rabbit microsomal membranes[1]. Antisecretory and cytoprotective activities[2].
E-4031 is a benzenesulfonamide antiarrhythmic agent; blocks the ATP-sensitive potassium channel.IC50 value:Target: K+ channel blockerin vitro: Dofetilide and E-4031 induced EADs or TdP in all assays (50-83%), and the induction correlated with a significant increase in beat-to-beat variability of repolarization [1]. E-4031 (0.1 mumol/L) significantly prolonged cycle length and action potential duration, depolarized maximum diastolic potential, and reduced both the upstroke velocity of the action potential and the diastolic depolarization rate [2].in vivo: E-4031 in doses of 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg that can provide the plasma concentrations effectively to inhibit IKrin vitro significantly delayed the repolarization beyond the initiation of diastole, resulting in the inversion of electro-mechanical coupling, which provides an ideal proarrhythmic substrate, while the durations of left ventricular systole and diastole remained the same [3]. Bepridil and E-4031 prolonged QT interval and ARI in all LV layers, though the magnitude of prolongation was greatest in Mid, increasing the transmural ARI dispersion, particularly during bradycardia [4].
BPU-11 is a hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) C-linker pocket (CLP) HCN4 CLP ligand. BPU-11 can be used for the research of congenital immune disease[1].
ShK-Dap22 is a potent Kv1.3-specific immunosuppressive Polypeptide. ShK-Dap22 is a selective Kv1.3 channel blocker with IC50s of 23 pM, 1.8 nM, 10.5 nM, 37 nM, and 39 nM for mKv1.3, mKv1.1, hKv1.6, mKv1.4, and rKv1.2 channels, respectively[1].
Nav1.7-IN-2 is an inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav), in particular Nav 1.7, with IC50 of 80 nM.IC50 value: 80 nMTarget: Nav 1.7Nav1.7-IN-2 is useful for the treatment of diseases treatable by inhibition of these channels, in particular, chronic pain disorder. The more detailed information please refer to WO 2011103196 A1. Nav1.7-IN-2 is a Nav1.7 channel inhibitor extracted from patent WO/2011103196 A1, compound example J, has an IC50 of 80 nM.
N-Arachidonyldopamine is a potent and selective endogenous CB1 receptor agonist with a Ki of 250 nM[1]. N-Arachidonyldopamine is also a potent and selective TRPV1 agonist an with EC50 of ~ 50 nM[2].
α-Conotoxin AuIB, a potent and selective α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, blocks α3β4 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes with an IC50 of 0.75 μM[1].
L-Phenylalanine-13C9,15N ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid-13C9,15N) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
Rosuvastatin D3 (ZD 4522 D3) is a deuterium labeled Rosuvastatin. Rosuvastatin (ZD 4522) is a competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 11 nM[1]. Rosuvastatin potently blocks human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) current with an IC50 of 195 nM, delayed cardiac repolarization, and thereby prolonged action potential durations (APDs) and corrected QT interval (QTc) intervals[2].
L-threo-3-Hydroxyaspartic acid is a potent EAAT inhibitor with Kis of 11, 19 and 14 μM for EAAT1, EAAT2 and EAAT3, respectively in HEK293 cell lines[1].
Norverapamil D7 is a deuterium labeled Norverapamil ((±)-Norverapamil). Norverapamil, an N-demethylated metabolite of Verapamil, is a L-type calcium channel blocker and a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function inhibitor[1][2].
1-BCP is a centrally active drug that modulates AMPA receptor gated currents. 1-BCP is a memory-enhancing agent[1][2].
OR-1896 is an active long-lived metabolite of Levosimendan. OR-1896 is a highly selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) III isoform inhibitor and a powerful vasodilator. OR-1896 can open ATP-sensitive K+ channels and has Ca2+-sensitizing effect. OR-1896 mitigates cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac remodeling and myocardial inflammation[1].