Isoliquiritin apioside, a component isolated from Glycyrrhizae radix rhizome, significantly decreases PMA-induced increases in MMP9 activities and suppresses PMA-induced activation of MAPK and NF-κB. Isoliquiritin apioside auppresseses invasiveness and angiogenesis of cancer cells and endothelial cells[1].
JNJ-49095397 (RV-568) is a specific narrow-spectrum kinase inhibitor that inhibits a selected set of kinases involved in COPD inflammation with IC50 of 5, 40 and 52 nM for p38α, p38γ and HCK, respectively; shows potent anti-inflammatory effects in monocytes and macrophages, demonstrates synergistic interaction in poly I:C-stimulated BEAS-2B cells and in the cigarette smoke model combined with corticosteroid. COPD Phase 2 Clinical
ASK1-IN-1 is a CNS-penetrant ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1) inhibitor, with good potency (cell IC50=138 nM; Biochemical IC50=21 nM)[1].
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) can activate the downstream p38/NF-κB pathway. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 can regulate cellular processes in various sepsis-associated diseases. MAPK-catalyzed phosphorylation of substrate proteins functions as a switch to turn on or off the activity of the substrate protein[1].
4-Hydroxylonchocarpin is a chalcone compound from an extract of Psoralea corylifolia. 4-Hydroxylonchocarpin increases phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK. 4-Hydroxylonchocarpin has diverse pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antireverse transcriptase, antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities[1].
BSJ-04-122 is a potent, selective, covalent dual MKK4/7 inhibitor with IC50 of 4/181 nM, displays excellent kinome selectivity;BSJ-04-122 covalently targets a conserved cysteine (Cys247 for MKK4, and Cys261 for MKK7) located before the DFG motif.SJ-04-122 exhibits potent cellular target engagement and induces robust target-specific downstream effects.In breast cancer cell lines, BSJ-04-122 potently inhibited JNK phosphorylation, BSJ-04-122 significantly decreased levels of T183/Y185 pJNK at 5 uM, resulting in complete inhibition at 10 uM in MDA-MB-231 cells.The combination of the dual MKK4/7 inhibitor BSJ-04-122 with a selective, covalent JNK inhibitor (JNK-IN-8) demonstrated an enhanced antiproliferative activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells.
Deoxysappanone B (3-Deoxysappanone B) is a homoisoflavone compound isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L (Lignum Sappan). Deoxysappanone B has anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects and inhibits the production of neuroinflammatory mediators by blocking the IκB kinase (IKK)-NF-κB and p38/ERK MAPK pathways. Deoxysappanone B can be used in disease studies of neuritis and inflammation-related neurological damage[1].
Sugiol is an abietane diterpenoid, can be isolated from Calocedrus formosana bark. Sugiol has anti-inflammatory activity, could effectively reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages[1].
TAK-715 is a p38 MAPK inhibitor for p38α with IC50 of 7.1 nM, 28-fold more selective for p38α over p38β, no inhibition to p38γ/δ, JNK1, ERK1, IKKβ, MEKK1 or TAK1.IC50 value: 7.1 nM [1]Target: p38α MAPKin vitro: TAK 715 inhibits LPS-stimulated release of TNF-alpha from THP-1 with IC50 of 48 nM [1]. TAK 715 (10 μM) inhibits Wnt-3a-induced hDvl2 phosphorylation and the hDvl2 shift in U2OS-EFC cells [2]. The amide NH of TAK 715 is hydrogen bonded to the main-chain carbonyl of Met109 of p38 alpha. TAK 715 binds relatively high in the ATP pocket, occupying the hydrophobic back pocket, the adenine region and the front pocket of p38 as well as extending to most of the length of the Gly-rich loop [3].in vivo: TAK 715 (10 mg/kg, po) inhibits LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in mice with 87.6% inhibition. TAK 715 has a modest mouse bioavailability of 18.4% and a slightly improved rat bioavailability of 21.1%. TAK 715 has a modest mouse bioavailability of 18.4% and a slightly improved rat bioavailability of 21.1%. TAK 715 results in Cmax of 0.19 μg/mL and AUC(0-24 hours) of 1.16 μg·h/mL in rats. TAK 715 (30 mg/kg, po) significantly reduces the secondary paw volume with 25 % inhibition in a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) model [1].
SM-7368 is a potent NF-kB inhibitor that targets downstream of MAPK p38 activation[1]. SM-7368 inhibits TNF-α-induced MMP-9 upregulation. SM-7368 can be used for the research of chemotherapies targeting TNF-α-mediated tumor invasion and metastasis [2].
Pamapimod is a novel p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. Pamapimod inhibited p38α and p38β enzymatic activity, with IC50 values of 0.014 ± 0.002 and 0.48 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. Pamapimod is p38 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.06μM in THP-1 cell.IC50: 0.014 ± 0.002 and 0.48 ± 0.04 μM(p38α and p38β enzymatic activity,respectively.)IC50:0.06μM (THP-1 cell)[1]In vitro: Pamapimod inhibited p38α and p38β enzymatic activity, with IC50 values of 0.014 ± 0.002 and 0.48 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. There was no activity against p38δ or p38γ isoforms. When profiled across 350 kinases, pamapimod bound only to four kinases in addition to p38. Cellular potency was assessed using phosphorylation of heat shock protein-27 and c-Jun as selective readouts for p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), respectively. Pamapimod inhibited p38 (IC50, 0.06 μM), but inhibition of JNK was not detected.Pamapimod also inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α production by monocytes, interleukin (IL)-1β production in human whole blood, and spontaneous TNFα production by synovial explants from RA patients. LPS- and TNFα-stimulated production of TNFα and IL-6 in rodents also was inhibited by pamapimod. [1]In vivo: In murine collagen-induced arthritis, pamapimod reduced clinical signs of inflammation and bone loss at 50 mg/kg or greater. In a rat model of hyperalgesia, pamapimod increased tolerance to pressure in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting an important role of p38 in pain associated with inflammation. Finally, an analog of pamapimod that has equivalent potency and selectivity inhibited renal disease in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. [1]
Torilin is a sesquiterpene with antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Torilin inhibits LPS-induced NO release, as well as inhibiting iNOS, PGE2, COX-2, NF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and GM-CSF. Torilin suppresses NF-kB and AP-1 translocation, inhibits TAK1 kinase activation. Subsequently results suppression of MAPK-mediated JNK, p38, ERK1/2, and AP-1 (ATF-2 and c-jun) activation and IKK-mediated I-κBα degradation, p65/p50 activation, and translocation[1].
18:0-22:6 DG (1-Stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycerol) is a diacylglycerol that can bind to RasGRP and modulate MAP kinases activation[1].
Ralimetinib (LY2228820) is a potent and selective, ATP-competitive inhibitor of p38 MAPK α/β, with IC50s of 5.3 and 3.2 nM, respectively. Ralimetinib (LY2228820) selectively inhibits phosphorylation of MK2 (Thr334), with no effect on phosphorylation of p38α MAPK, JNK, ERK1/2, c-Jun, ATF2, or c-Myc[1].
DL-Syringaresinol ((±)-Syringaresinol), a lignin, inhibits UVA-induced upregulation of MMP-1 by suppressing MAPK/AP-1 signaling in human HaCaT keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). DL-Syringaresinol has antiphotoaging properties against UVA-induced skin aging. DL-Syringaresinol exhibits weak antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv[1][2].
Hydrangenol is an orally active antiphotoaging compound. It can be isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves. Hydrangenol prevents wrinkle formation by reducing MMP and inflammatory cytokine expression and increasing moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes level[1].
Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside isolated from Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck leaves. Rhoifolin is beneficial for diabetic complications through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation[1]. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways[2].
Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl ferulate) is a derivative of ferulic acid, isolated from Stemona tuberosa, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties[1][2]. Ferulic acid methyl ester is a cell membrane and brain permeable compound, shows free radical scavenging ability, used in the research of neurodegenerative disorders[1]. Ferulic acid methyl ester inhibits COX-2 expression, blocks p-p38 and p-JNK in primary bone marrow derived-macrophages[2].
Macranthoin G is an inhibitor of p38 MAPK. Macranthoin G protects the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ or hydrogen peroxide in neuronal cells by downregulating p38 MAPK. Macranthoin G can used in study Alzheimer’s Disease[1].
Chicanine is a lignan compound of Schisandra chinesis, inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK 1/2 and IκB-α, with anti-inflammatory activity[1].
AMG-548 is a potent, oral and selective p38α inhibitor (Ki=0.5 nM), shows slightly selective over p38β (Ki=36 nM) and >1000 fold selective against p38γand p38δ. AMG 548 is also extremely potent in the inhibition of whole blood LPS stimulated TNFα (IC50=3 nM) [1]. AMG-548 inhibits Wnt signaling by direcly inhibing Casein kinase 1 isoforms δ and ε[2].
CHMFL-ABL-053 is a potent, selective and orally available Bcr-Abl/Src/p38 kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 70/62/90 nM; no inhibitory activity against c-Kit (>10 uM); inhibits the proliferation of CML cell lines K562 (GI50=14 nM), KU812 (GI50=25 nM), and MEG-01 (GI50=16 nM); completely suppresses tumor progression in the K562 cells inoculated xenograft mouse model with 50 mg/kg/day dosage treatment.
Dehydrocorydaline chloride is an alkaloidal that has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Dehydrocorydaline chloride can elevate p38 MAPK activation.
DCZ19931 is a potent multi-targeting kinase inhibitor. DCZ19931 has anti-angiogenic effects on ocular neovascularization. DCZ19931 also inhibits ERK1/2-MAPK and p38-MAPK signaling[1].
Chloranthalactone B, a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid, is a nature product that could be isolated from Chinese medicinal herb Sarcandra glabra. Chloranthalactone B inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the AP-1 and p38 MAPK pathways[1].
p38α inhibitor 1 is a p38α inhibitor extracted from patent WO 2008076265 A1.
TA-02 is a p38 MAPK inhibitor with IC50 of 20 nM.IC50 value: 20 nMTarget: p38TA-02 is a novel compound with similar cardiogenic properties asSB203580 and SB202190. TA-02 especially inhibits TGFBR-2.
Diprovocim is a potent Toll-like receptor TLR1/TLR2 agonist that induces dose-dependent TNF production with EC50 of 110 pM in human THP-1 cells and 1.3 nM in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages; induces TNF production in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) with EC50 of 6.7 nM, also induces IL-6 production by mouse BMDC; induces phosphorylation of IKKα, IKKβ, p38, JNK, and ERK, as well as degradation of IκBα in THP-1 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages, activates conventional TLR1/TLR2 signaling, including MAPK and canonical NF-κB signaling; synergizes with anti-PD-L1 to eliminate melanoma in mice.
Pexmetinib is a potent Tie-2 and p38 MAPK dual inhibitor, with IC50s of 1 nM, 35 nM and 26 nM for Tie-2, p38α and p38β, respectively, and can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia.
TA-01 is a potent CK1 and p38 MAPK inhibitor, with IC50s of 6.4 nM, 6.8 nM, 6.7 nM for CK1ε, CK1δ and p38 MAPK, respectively.