Dehydro Palonosetron (RS 42358-197) is a potent, seslective and orally active 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Dehydro Palonosetron has no effect on the activities of 5-HT1 receptors, 5-HT2 receptors or 5-HT4 receptors[1].
Alloyohimbine, an alkaloid, is a selective α2-adrenoceptor antagonist with K Dα1, K Dα2 of 0.28 μM and 0.006 μM, respectively[1].
[D-Trp2,7,9] Substance P is a tachykinin (Neurokinin Receptor) antagonist with Ki values of 1 μM, 1.3 μM, and ~9 μM for NK-1, NK-2,and NK-3 receptor, respectively[1].
ICI141292 is a potent β-adrenoceptor partial agonist with a greater affinity for β1- than β2-adrenoceptors.
SB 243213 hydrochloride is an orally active, selective and high-affinity 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2C receptor antagonist with a pKi of 9.37 and a pKb of 9.8 for human 5-HT2C receptor. SB 243213 hydrochloride has improved anxiolytic profile and has the potential for schizophrenia and motor disorders[1].
KRAS G12D inhibitor 16 is a KRAS G12D inhibitor. KRAS G12D inhibitor 16 has inhibitory activity against KRAS G12D and KRAS G12D mutation with IC50 value of 0.7 nM and 0.35 μM, respectively. KRAS G12D inhibitor 16 can be used for the research of many malignant tumor, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), colon and rectal carcinomas (CRC), non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC)[1].
AC-55541 is a novel small-molecule protease-activated receptor 2(PAR2) agonist; activated PAR2 signaling in cellular proliferation assays, phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis assays, and Ca(2+) mobilization assays, with potencies ranging from 200 to 1000 nM.IC50 value: 200-1000 nM(EC50) [1]Target: PAR2 agonistNeither AC-55541 nor AC-264613 had activity at any of the other PAR receptor subtypes, nor did they have any significant affinity for over 30 other molecular targets involved in nociception. Visualization of EYFP-tagged PAR2 receptors showed that each compound stimulated internalization of PAR2 receptors. AC-55541 was well absorbed when administered intraperitoneally to rats, reaching micromolar peak plasma concentrations. AC-55541 was stable to metabolism by liver microsomes and maintained sustained exposure in rats, with elimination half-lives of 6.1 h. Intrapaw administration of AC-55541 or AC-264613 elicited robust and persistent thermal hyperalgesia and edema. Coadministration of either a tachykinin 1 (neurokinin 1) receptor antagonist or a transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1 antagonist completely blocked these effects. Systemic administration of either AC-55541 or AC-264613 produced a similar degree of hyperalgesia as was observed when the compounds were administered locally.
S1RA(E-52862) is a potent and selective sigma-1 receptor(σ1R, Ki=17 nM) antagonist, showed good selectivity against σ2R (Ki > 1000 nM).IC50 value: 17 nM (Ki) [1]Target: σ1Rin vitro: S1RA behaved as a highly selective σ1 receptor antagonist. It showed high affinity for human (Ki= 17 nM) and guinea pig (Ki= 23.5 nM) σ1 receptors but no significant affinity for the σ2 receptors (Ki > 1000 nM for guinea pig and rat σ2 receptors). Moderate affinity (Ki= 328 nM) and antagonistic activity, with very low potency (IC50= 4700 nM) was found at the human 5-HT2B receptor. S1RA showed no significant affinity (Ki > 1 μM or % inhibition at 1 μM < 50%) for other additional 170 targets (receptors, transporters, ion channels and enzymes) [2].in vivo: Control (non-operated) and nerve-injured mice received a single or repeated (twice daily for 12 days) i.p. administration of S1RA at 25 mg·kg?1, the same dose used for the assessment of behavioural hypersensitivity in the chronic treatment study. Acute treatment was given on day 12 post-surgery and repeated treatment with S1RA started the day of surgery, as in the behavioural studies [2]. Intrathecal pre-treatment with idazoxan prevented the systemic S1RA antinociceptive effect, suggesting that the S1RA antinociception depends on the activation of spinal α2 -adrenoceptors which, in turn, could induce an inhibition of formalin-evoked glutamate release. When administered locally, intrathecal S1RA inhibited only the flinching behavior, whereas intracerebroventricularly or intraplantarly injected also attenuated the lifting/licking behavior [3].
Pasireotide(SOM 230) is a stable cyclohexapeptide somatostatin mimic that exhibits unique high-affinity binding to human somatostatin receptors (subtypes sst1/2/3/4/5, pKi=8.2/9.0/9.1/<7.0/9.9 respectively).IC50 value: 8.2/9.0/9.1/<7.0/9.9(pKi, sst1/2/3/4/5) [1]in vitro: SOM230 showed a lower potency of GH release inhibition (IC(50), 0.5 nM), compared with OCT (IC(50), 0.02 nM) and SRIF-14 (IC(50), 0.02 nM). A positive correlation was found between sst(2) but not sst(5) mRNA levels in the adenoma cells and the inhibitory potency of OCT on GH release in vivo and in vitro, and the effects of SOM230 and SRIF-14 in vitro [2]. In cultures of human fetal pituitary cells, SOM230 inhibited GH secretion by 42 +/- 9% (P = 0.002) but had no effect on TSH release. SOM230 inhibited GH release from GH-secreting adenoma cultures by 34 +/- 8% (P = 0.002), PRL by 35 +/- 4% from PRL-secreting adenomas (P = 0.01), and alpha-subunit secretion from nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas by 46 +/- 18% (P = 0.34) [3].in vivo: On day 7, there was a decrease in serum insulin levels from 1.06 ± 0.28 μg/L to 0.37 ± 0.17 μg/L (P = .0128) and a significant increase in serum glucose from 4.2 ± 0.45 mmol/L to 7.12 ± 1.06 mmol/L (P = .0075) in the treatment group but no change in the control group [4]. In wild-type mice, both octreotide and pasireotide significantly attenuated knee joint swelling and histopathologic manifestations of arthritis to an extent comparable to that of dexamethasone. In SSTR2(-/-) mice, the antiinflammatory effects of both octreotide and pasireotide were completely abrogated [5].
Homatropine Methylbromide is muscarinic AChR antagonist, inhibits endothelial and smooth muscle muscarinic receptors of WKY-E and SHR-E with IC50 of 162.5 nM and 170.3 nM, respectively.target： mAChRIC 50: WKY-E(162.5 nM), SHR-E(170.4nM )In vitro: Homatropine (20 μM) alone produces a dose ratio of 259 in atrium from guinea-pigs. Homatropine (20 μM) produces a dose ratio of only 95.0 when combined with hexamethonium in atrium from guinea-pigs.In vivo: : Pre-treatment with homatropine (20 mg/kg) was comparable with atropine (10 mg/kg) in preventing lethality in this rat model of acute OC poisoning. All rats pre-treated with normal saline, atropine 5 mg/kg, and homatropine 10 mg/kg died. Survival in the homatropine (20 mg/kg) and atropine (10 mg/kg) groups was 30% and 40% respectively.
Granisetron Hcl(BRL 43694A) is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy.IC50 Value: 17uM (GR reduced 5-HT-evoked contractions) [1]Target: 5-HT3 receptorin vitro: In rat forestomach GR reduced 5-HT-evoked contractions at IC50 17 /- 6 uM. In isolated rabbit heart, GR 0.003-0.03 nM dose-dependently reduced s-HT tachycardia; at high levels GR reduced submaximal and maximal responses to 5-HT [1].in vivo: Leukocyte accumulation was dose-dependently inhibited by granisetron both at 6 and 72 h after induction of inflammation. Granisetron increased PGE(2) level at a lower dose (50 microg/pouch) but higher doses (100 and 200 microg/pouch) inhibited the release. At the same time, TNFalpha production was decreased by the lower dose and increased by higher doses of granisetron in a reciprocal fashion [2]. The GTDS displayed non-inferiority to oral granisetron: complete control was achieved by 60% of patients in the GTDS group, and 65% in the oral granisetron group (treatment difference, -5%; 95% confidence interval, -13-3). Both treatments were well tolerated, the most common adverse event being constipation [3].Clinical trial: Effect of External Heat on a Transdermal Granisetron Patch in Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Healthy Subjects. Phase 1
NK1 receptor antagonist 2 is a NK1 receptor antagonist. NK1 receptor antagonist 2 can be used for the research of tinnitus and hearing loss[1].
Cenerimod (ACT-334441) is a potent and orally available sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 receptor (S1P1) agonist extracted from patent WO 2016184939 A1 and WO 2011007324 A1, example 1, with an EC50 of 2.7 nM.
AZD 2066 is a selective, orally active and brain-penetrant mGluR5 antagonist, with analgesia activity[1].
A potent, mixed sigma2 agonist and sigma1 antagonist with Ki of 0.28 and 13.0 nM, respectively; inhibits cancer cell growth, modulates P-glycoprotein, and synergizes with doxorubicin in MCF7 and MCF ADR cells with IC50 in nanomolar range; increase G0-G1-phase fraction and caspase-independent apoptosis, also reduces P-gp expression.
Bradykinin (1-6) is an amino-truncated Bradykinin peptide. Bradykinin (1-6) is a stable metabolite of Bradykinin, cleaved by carboxypeptidase Y (CPY).
VUF 5681 dihydrobromide is a neutral antagonist of histamine H3 receptor. VUF 5681 dihydrobromide also has partial agonist function of H3 receptor. VUF 5681 dihydrobromide blocks the effects of Thioperamide (HY-12206). VUF 5681 dihydrobromide is used in central nervous system disease research[1][2].
RMC-4998 is a molecular glue compound with good antitumor activity. RMC-4998 is able to form a ternary complex with CYPA and an activated KRAS G12C mutant. Furthermore, CYPA binding to KRAS G12C blocks the interaction between activated KRAS mutants and downstream effector proteins, thereby inhibiting signaling that promotes cell proliferation[1].
WAY 163909 is a potent and selective 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist with a Ki of 10.5±1.1 nM.
(±)-LY367385 is the racemate of LY367385. LY367385 is a highly potent and selective mGluR1a antagonist. LY367385 has an IC50 of 8.8 μM for inhibits of quisqualate-induced phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis, compared with > 100 μM for mGlu5a[1][2].
Bemesetron (MDL 72222) is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 0.33 nM[1]. Neuroprotective effects[2].
Valerenic acid ((-)-Valerenic Acid), a sesquiterpenoid, is an orally active positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors. Valerenic acid is also a partial agonist of the 5-HT5a receptor. Valerenic acid mediates anxiolytic activity via GABAA receptors containing the β3 subunit. Valerenic acid also exhibits potent antioxidant properties[1][2][3].
L-Glutamine-13C5,d5,15N2 (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide-13C5,d5,15N2) is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Glutamine. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2].
Diquafosol tetrasodium is a P2Y2 receptor agonist that stimulates fluid and mucin secretion on the ocular surface, as a topical treatment of dry eye disease.
SB-328437 is a potent, selective non-peptide CCR3 antagonist with an IC50 of 4.5 nM[1].
MCOPPB is an orally active and selective agonist of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ–Receptor. MCOPPB inhibits signaling through the NOP receptor in the mouse brain. MCOPPB is used in anxiety disorders research[1].
H-Ser-Tyr-OH is a dipeptide consisting of glutamic acid, glycine and histidine. H-Ser-Tyr-OH can form a copper(II) complex with copper ions to form a strong free radical scavenging activity. H-Ser-Tyr-OH also increases the intracellular uptake of the delta opioid receptor ligand deltorphin[1].
Loperamide D6 hydrochloride (R-18553 D6 hydrochloride) is a deuterium labeled Loperamide hydrochloride. Loperamide hydrochloride is an opioid receptor agonist for the treatment of diarrhea[1].
PD176252 is a potent antagonist of neuromedin-B preferring (BB1) and gastrin-releasing peptide-preferring (BB2) receptor with Kis of 0.17 nM and 1 nM for human BB1 and BB2 receptors, and 0.66 nM, 16 nM for Rat BB1 and BB2 receptors, respectively; PD176252 is also an agonist of N-Formyl peptide receptor1/2 (FPR1/FPR2), with EC50s of 0.31 and 0.66 μM in HL-60 cells.
Bavisant Hcl hydrate(JNJ-31001074) is a highly selective, orally active antagonist of the human H3 receptor with a novel mechanism of action, involving wakefulness and cognition, with potential as a treatment for ADHD. IC50 Value: Target: H3 receptorin vitro: Bavisant completed a phase II ADHD trial, but no results have been reported [1].in vivo: Mean change from baseline in the total ADHD-RS-IV score at day 42 (primary efficacy endpoint) was -8.8 in the placebo group versus -9.3, -11.2 and -12.2 in the bavisant 1?mg/day, 3?mg/day and 10?mg/day groups, respectively; the change in the 10?mg/day group was not statistically superior to placebo (p=0.161), and hence statistical comparisons of the 1?mg/day and 3?mg/day groups with placebo based on a step-down closed testing procedure were not performed [2].Clinical trial: A Study to Characterize the Pharmacokinetics and Effect of Food on JNJ-31001074 in Healthy Volunteers. Phase 2