α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH), amide TFA is an endogenous neuropeptide, with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. α-MSH is a post-translational derivative of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), acts as an endogenous melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) agonist[1][2].
PAR-2 (1-6) (human) (SLIGKV), a peptide ligand, is a PAR-2 agonist[1].
CB2 receptor agonist 2 is a potent and selective agonist for the CB2 (cannabinoid type 2) receptor with a Ki of 8.5 nM. CB2 receptor agonist 2 has high affinity and selectivity for CB2[1].
Nivasorexant is a potent orexin receptor antagonist[1].
PRE-084 is a highly selective σ1 receptor (S1R) agonist, with an IC50 of 44 nM. PRE-084 exhibits good neuroprotective effects, can improve motor function and motor neuron survival in mice. PRE-084 also can ameliorate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by activating the Akt-eNOS pathway[1][2][3][4].
Neuropeptide S(Mouse) is a potent endogenous neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) agonist (EC50=3 nM). Neuropeptide S(Mouse) induces mobilization of intracellular Ca2+. Neuropeptide S(Mouse) increases locomotor activity and wakefulness in mice. Neuropeptide S(Mouse) also reduces anxiety-like behavior in mice.
Velufenacin is a muscarinic receptor antagonist[1].
MLS1082 is a novel positive allosteric modulator of the D1 dopamine receptor, potentiatse dopamine-stimulated G-protein- and β-arrestin-mediated signaling and increase the affinity of dopamine for the D1 receptor with low micromolar potencies.
Azepexole (B-HT 933) dihydrochloride is a potent and selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist with pKis of 8.3, 7.6, and 7.5 for α2A-, α2B- and α2C-adrenoceptor subtypes, resepctively[1]. Azepexole dihydrochloride causes concentration-dependent inhibition of peristaltic contractions (IC50= 78.72 nM)[2].
RFRP-1(human) is a potent endogenous NPFF receptor agonist (EC50 values are 0.0011 and 29 nM for NPFF2 and NPFF1, respectively). Attenuates contractile function of isolated rat and rabbit cardiac myocytes. Reduces heart rate, stroke volume, ejection fraction and cardiac output, and increases plasma prolactin levels in rats.
L-692585 is a potent and nonpeptidyl growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a) agonist, with a Ki of 0.8 nM. L-692585 acts directly on somatotropes causing GH release[1][2].
[Nle11]-Substance P is a substance P analog that avoids methionine oxidation problems.
1A-116 is a specific Rac1 inhibitor.
MK-0249 is a potent histamine H3 receptor antagonist, with Ki of 1.7 nM for human H3.
Pimethixene maleate is antihistamine and antiserotonergic compound, acts as an antimigraine agent.Pimethixene maleate is a highly potent antagonist of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, histamine H1, dopamine D2 and D4.4 as well as muscarinic M1 and M2 receptors, with pKis of 7.63, 10.22, 10.44, 8.42, 10.14, 8.19, 7.54, 8.61 and 9.38, respectively[1].
Flunisolide is a corticosteroid often used to treat allergic rhinitis.The principal mechanism of action of Flunisolide is to activate glucocorticoid receptors, meaning it has an anti-inflammatory action.
[MePhe7]-Neurokinin B is an neurokinin NK-3 receptor (NK3R) agonist with an IC50 value of 3 nM. [MePhe7]-Neurokinin B is a potential regulator of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion via activation of the neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R)[1].
DSLET ([D-Ser2, Leu5, Thr6]-enkephalin) is a highly specific agonist of the δ-receptor. DSLET is an enkephalin-related peptide selectively bound to the δ opioid receptor[1][2].
Octopamine Hydrochloride is an endogenous biogenic amine that is closely related to norepinephrine, and has effects on the adrenergic and dopaminergic systems.Target: Dopamine Receptor; Adrenergic ReceptorOctopamine is present in relatively high concentrations in neuronal as well as in non-neuronal tissues of most invertebrate species studied, and modulates almost every physiological process. Octopamine acts as neurohormone including desensitization of sensory inputs, influence on learning and memory, or regulation of the mood of the animal in the central nervous system. Octopamine is the only neuroactive non-peptide transmitter whose physiological role is restricted to invertebrates, and all octopamine receptors belong to the family of G-protein coupled receptors [1].Octopamine (10 μM) injected into the mushroom body (MB) calyces or the antennal lobe but not the lateral protocerebral lobe produces a lasting, pairing-specific enhancement of extension of the proboscis. Octopamine (10 μM) injected into the MB calyces results in an additional pairing-specific effect, because it does not lead to an acquisition but a consolidation after conditioning [2]. Octopamine treatment significantly elevates levels of octopamine in the brain and caused a significant dose-dependent increase in the number of new foragers. Octopamine treatment is effective only when given to bees old enough to forage, i.e., older than 4 days of age. Octopamine influences division of labor in honey bee colonies [3].
Eltoprazine(DU28853) is a serenic or antiaggressive agent which as an agonist at the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors and as an antagonist at the 5-HT2C receptor.IC50 value:Target: 5-HT1A/1B agonist; 5-HT2C antagonistin vitro: The binding of [3H]eltoprazine to whole tissue sections was saturable and revealed an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 11 nM. Specific [3H]eltoprazine binding was completely displaced by 5-HT; conversely, unlabelled eltoprazine reduced [3H]5-HT binding to the levels of non-specific binding [1]. Eltoprazine evoked membrane changes that were similar to but much weaker than those induced by 5HT. Both the 5HT- and eltoprazine-evoked membrane hyperpolarizations were largely suppressed in the presence of spiperone [2].in vivo: eltoprazine is extremely effective in suppressing dyskinesia in experimental models, although this effect was accompanied by a partial worsening of the therapeutic effect of l-dopa. Interestingly, eltoprazine was found to (synergistically) potentiate the antidyskinetic effect of amantadine. The current data indicated that eltoprazine is highly effective in counteracting dyskinesia in preclinical models [3]. Rats were chronically treated with mianserin (10 mg/kg i.p.) or eltoprazine (1 mg/kg i.p.) and were tested in the elevated plus-maze test for anxiety. Mianserin and eltoprazine displayed opposite effects in the elevated plus-maze: mianserin induced anxiolytic-like effects, while eltoprazine showed anxiogenic-like ones [4].
GR 103691 is a potent, selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 0.4 nM. GR 103691 shows more than 100-fold selectivity for human dopamine human (h)D3 over hD4 and hD1 sites[1].
LY3154885 is an orally active dopamine D1 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM). LY3154885 has an improved drug-drug interactions (DDI) risk profile[1].
Leelamine hydrochloride is a tricyclic diterpene molecule that is extracted from the bark of pine trees[1]. Leelamine hydrochloride is a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) agonist and a inhibitor of SREBP1-regulated fatty acid/lipid synthesis in prostate cancer cells that is not affected by androgen receptor status. Leelamine hydrochloride suppresses transcriptional activity of androgen receptor, which is known to regulate fatty acid synthesis[2,3].
Protease-Activated Receptor-4 is the agonist of proteinase-activated receptor-4 (PAR4).
HP210 is a selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator (SGRM). HP210 can inhibit the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6. HP210 has the potential to study inflammation-related diseases[1].
LY354740 is a highly potent and selective group II (mGlu2/3) receptor agonist with IC50s of 5 and 24 nM on transfected human mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors, respectively.
KRAS inhibitor-17 (compound 3-9) is a potent KRAS G12C inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.37 µM. KRAS inhibitor-17 shows p-ERK inhibition activities with IC50s of 9.25, >33.3 µM in MIA PaCA-2, A549 cells, respectively. KRAS inhibitor-17 has the potential for the research of pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers[1].
Viloxazine (Viloxazin) is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, also a potent 5-HT2C agonist and 5-HT2B antagonist with an EC50 of 32 μM and an IC50 of 27 μM for 5-HT2C and 5-HT2B, respectively. The mechanism of action of Viloxazine predominantly involves serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways. Viloxazine can be used for researching depression[1][2].
PRL 3195 is a somatostatin receptor antagonist with Kis of 6, 17, 66, 1000 and 1000 nM for human somatostatin receptors (sst5, sst2, sst3, sst1 and sst4, respectively)[1].
N-acetyl CCK-(26-30) amide (CCK-(26-30) (sulfated)) is a cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonist[1].